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Bio 239 > Skin (Integumentary System) > Flashcards

Skin (Integumentary System) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between thin and thick skin?

A
  • thin: epidermis is 75-150 microns thick

- thick: epidermis is 400-600 microns thick

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2
Q

What are the 5 functions of skin?

A
  1. resistance to trauma and infection
  2. water retention
  3. vitamin D synthesis
  4. thermoregulation
  5. non-verbal communication
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3
Q

What are the 5 cells of the epidermis?

A

stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile/Merkel cells, dendritic/Langerhans cells

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4
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A
  1. stratum basale
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum lucidum (only thick skin)
  5. stratum corneum
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5
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of stratum basale?
A
  1. deepest layer, composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes that contain scattered tonofilaments (intermediate filaments)
  2. stem cells undergo cell division to produce new keratinocytes
  3. melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells associated with tactile discs are scattered among the keratinocytes
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6
Q
  1. spinosum?
A
  1. 8-10 rows of many-sided keratinocytes with bundles of tonofilaments (intermediate filaments)
  2. includes projections of melaoncytes and Langerhans cells
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7
Q
  1. granulosum?
A
  1. 3-5 rows of flattened keratinocytes, in which organelles are beginning to degenerate
  2. cells contain the protein keratohyalin (converts tonofilaments into keratin) and lamellar granules (which release a lipid-rich, water-repellent secretion)
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8
Q
  1. lucidum?
A
  1. present only in skin of fingertips, palms, and soles

2. 3-5 rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin

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9
Q
  1. corneum?
A

25-30 rows of dead, flat keratinocytes that contain mostly keratin

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the dermis?

A
  1. cells: fibroblasts
  2. fibers: mostly collagen, some elastic, some reticular fibers
  3. dermal papillae, epidermal ridges
  4. 2 zones: papillary layer (relatively superficial) and reticular layer (deeper)
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the papillary region of the dermis?

A
  1. superficial portion of the dermis (1/5)
  2. consists of (loose) areolar CT with elastic fibers
  3. contains dermal papillae that house capillaries, corpuscles of touch, and free nerve endings
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the reticular region of the dermis?

A
  1. deeper portion of the dermis (4/5)
  2. consists of dense IRREGULAR CT with bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fibers
  3. spaces between fibers contain some adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of tension lines?

A
  1. collagen fibers

2. langer lines: wound healing consideration

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14
Q

The hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

A
  1. superficial fascial layer

2. subcutaneous fat

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15
Q

What happens during the inflammatory phase?

A

–

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16
Q

What happens during maturation phase?

A

–

17
Q

What are the characteristics of pigmentation?

A
  1. 2 forms of melanin: eumelanin (lighter) and pheomelanin (dark)
  2. dark skin - throughout; light skin - just in stratum basale
18
Q

What are the derivatives?

A
  1. stratum corneum: nails

2. hair: pilus - lanugo, vellus, terminal hair

19
Q

What are the sweat glands?

A
  1. sudoriferous glands
  2. merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands
  3. apocrine glands
20
Q

What are the characteristics of merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands?

A
  1. locations: throughout skin except for margins of lips, nail beds, glans penis and clitoris, labia minora, and eardrums
  2. location of secretory portion: mostly in deep dermis
  3. termination of excretory duct: surface of epidermis
  4. secretion: less viscous; consists of water, Na & Cl ions, urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glucose, and lactic acid
  5. functions: regulation of body temp, waste removal
  6. onset of function: soon after birth
    - most numerous, watery secretion
21
Q

What are the characteristics of apocrine glands?

A
  1. locations: groin, anal region, axilla, areola, bearded regions of face for males
  2. location of secretory portion: mostly in subcutaneous layer
  3. termination of excretory duct: hair follicle
  4. secretion: more viscous; consists of water, Na & Cl ions, urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glucose, and lactic acid AND lipids and proteins
  5. functions: stimulated during stress and sexual excitement
  6. onset of function: do not develop until puberty
22
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

sebum excretion onto hair follicles

23
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

ear - cerumen

Bio 239 (21 decks)

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