10. Sensory Modalities: Eye and Ear

Question 1

What are the 3 types of receptors?

Answer 1

1. exterio-receptors
2. viscero-receptors
3. proprio-ceptors

Question 2

What are exterio-receptors?

Answer 2

external receptors for external sensations

Question 3

What are viscero-receptors?

Answer 3

transduce internal sensations. Ex: bad gas, cramps

Question 4

What are proprio-ceptors?

Answer 4

fine touch

Question 5

What are 5 receptors for stimulus detection?

Answer 5

1. mechano-receptors
2. chemo-receptors
3. thermo-receptors
4. noci-ceptors
5. photo-receptors

Question 6

What are mechano-receptors?

Answer 6

stretch receptors for muscle?

Question 7

What are chemo-receptors?

Answer 7

for smell and taste

Question 8

What are thermo-receptors?

Answer 8

for hot and cold, some poeple have more than others which would explain why some people are more sensitive to cold or hot (cannot be in jacuzzi)

Question 9

What are noci-ceptors?

Answer 9

pain receptors, but how they respond is dependent on the person

Question 10

What are photo-receptors?

Answer 10

rods and cones of eyes

• rods: amount of light
• cones: color

Question 11

What are the 4 touch and pressure receptors?

Answer 11

1. Meissner’s corpuscles
2. Krause’s end bulbs
3. Ruffini’s corpuscles
4. Pacinian corpuscles

Question 12

What are Meissner’s corpuscles?

Answer 12

at the interface between dermal and epidermal layer

Question 13

What are Krause’s end bulbs?

Answer 13

for vibratory sensations, in mucous membranes

Question 14

What are Ruffini’s corpuscles?

Answer 14

for vibratory sensations, in mucous membranes

Question 15

What are Pacinian corpuscles?

Answer 15

for deep pressure, to sense a good deep pressure massage

Question 16

What are the 4 characteristics of olfactory receptors?

Answer 16

1. cranial nerve I: bundles of axons, terminate in olfactory bulbs
2. olfactory bulb: axon terminals of olfactory receptors form synapses with dendrites and cell bodies of neurons in olfactory pathway, on cribiform plate
3. associational areas in frontal lobe: olfactory sensations go straight to frontal lobe cortex (do not pass through thalamus)
4. powerful association of memory: 1) first conscious awareness of smell, 2) limbic system and hypothalamus for emotional and memory-evoked responses to odors

Question 17

What are the 3 main regions of the ear?

Answer 17

1. external ear: collects soundwaves and channels them inward
2. middle ear: conveys sound vibrations to the oval window
3. internal ear: houses the receptors for hearing and equilibrium

Question 18

What are the 5 external structures of the ear?

Answer 18

1. auricle/helix: very top, rim of auricle, auricle is attached to head by ligaments and muscles
2. antihelix
3. lobe: inferior portion of auricle, very bottom where ear piercings often occur
4. tragus: to block out people
5. antitragus: the little lobe above the lobe

Question 19

What are the 6 internal structures of the middle ear?

Answer 19

1. tympanic membrane: eardrum, a thin, semitransparent partition between external auditory canal and middle ear
2. malleus (hammer): first middle ear ossicle, “handle” of malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane, head articulates with body of incus
3. incus (anvil): middle bone, articulates with head of stapes
4. stapes (stirrup): base of stapes fits into oval window
5. tensor tympani muscle
6. stapedius muscle

Question 20

What are the internal structures of the inner ear?

Answer 20

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