10. Sensory Modalities: Eye and Ear Flashcards
What are the 3 types of receptors?
- exterio-receptors
- viscero-receptors
- proprio-ceptors
What are exterio-receptors?
external receptors for external sensations
What are viscero-receptors?
transduce internal sensations. Ex: bad gas, cramps
What are proprio-ceptors?
fine touch
What are 5 receptors for stimulus detection?
- mechano-receptors
- chemo-receptors
- thermo-receptors
- noci-ceptors
- photo-receptors
What are mechano-receptors?
stretch receptors for muscle?
What are chemo-receptors?
for smell and taste
What are thermo-receptors?
for hot and cold, some poeple have more than others which would explain why some people are more sensitive to cold or hot (cannot be in jacuzzi)
What are noci-ceptors?
pain receptors, but how they respond is dependent on the person
What are photo-receptors?
rods and cones of eyes
- rods: amount of light
- cones: color
What are the 4 touch and pressure receptors?
- Meissner’s corpuscles
- Krause’s end bulbs
- Ruffini’s corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles
What are Meissner’s corpuscles?
at the interface between dermal and epidermal layer
What are Krause’s end bulbs?
for vibratory sensations, in mucous membranes
What are Ruffini’s corpuscles?
for vibratory sensations, in mucous membranes
What are Pacinian corpuscles?
for deep pressure, to sense a good deep pressure massage
What are the 4 characteristics of olfactory receptors?
- cranial nerve I: bundles of axons, terminate in olfactory bulbs
- olfactory bulb: axon terminals of olfactory receptors form synapses with dendrites and cell bodies of neurons in olfactory pathway, on cribiform plate
- associational areas in frontal lobe: olfactory sensations go straight to frontal lobe cortex (do not pass through thalamus)
- powerful association of memory: 1) first conscious awareness of smell, 2) limbic system and hypothalamus for emotional and memory-evoked responses to odors
What are the 3 main regions of the ear?
- external ear: collects soundwaves and channels them inward
- middle ear: conveys sound vibrations to the oval window
- internal ear: houses the receptors for hearing and equilibrium
What are the 5 external structures of the ear?
- auricle/helix: very top, rim of auricle, auricle is attached to head by ligaments and muscles
- antihelix
- lobe: inferior portion of auricle, very bottom where ear piercings often occur
- tragus: to block out people
- antitragus: the little lobe above the lobe
What are the 6 internal structures of the middle ear?
- tympanic membrane: eardrum, a thin, semitransparent partition between external auditory canal and middle ear
- malleus (hammer): first middle ear ossicle, “handle” of malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane, head articulates with body of incus
- incus (anvil): middle bone, articulates with head of stapes
- stapes (stirrup): base of stapes fits into oval window
- tensor tympani muscle
- stapedius muscle
What are the internal structures of the inner ear?
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