skin integrity and wound healing Flashcards
name the three layers of the skin
-epidermis
-dermis
-subq tissue
describe the epidermis
-outer later
-avascular
-sheds every 7-45 days
-has hair, glands, and nails
describe the dermis
-middle layer, also the thickest
-connective tissue, vascularized
-supports the epidermis
describe the subQ tissue
-bottom layer
-made up of fat and connectve tissue
name some functions of the integumentary system
-protection
-metabolism
-thermoregulation
-elimination
-sensation
-psychosocial
-absorption
functions of integumentary system
describe protection
-protects from physical and chemical injury
-sebum (gives skin acidic pH)
-normal flora
-melanin
functions of integumentary system
describe metabolism
vitamin D
necessary for efficient absorption of Ca++
functions of integumentary system
describe thermoregulation
dilation and constriction of blood vessels
functions of integumentary system
describe elimination
water, electrolytes, wastes
functions of integumentary system
describe sensation
nerve endings in sin provide valuable info and protection
functions of integumentary system
describe psychosocial
-facial expressions
-hair distribution
functions of integumentary system
describe absorption
substances absorbed due to vascularity of the skin
name some factors that affect the integumentary system
-circulation
-nutrition
-condition of epidermis
-allergy
-infection
-abnormal growth rate
-systemic diseases
factors that affect the integumentary system
describe circulation
-maintains cell life
-no circulation = bad
factors that affect the integumentary system
describe nutrition
-adequate intake of vitamins and mineral is important
-helps protect against injury and disease
factors that affect the integumentary system
describe condition of epidermis
-adequate moisture is important
-too dry = break
-too wet = break
factors that affect the integumentary system
describe allergy
-histamine release
-rashes, hives, swelling
factors that affect the integumentary system
describe infection
too many normal flora = infection
factors that affect the integumentary system
describe abnormal growth rate
-psoriasis is an increased rate of growth of skin cells
-mainly effects elbows, knees, scalp, and soles of feet
-systemic inflammation
-periods of remission and exacerbation
factors that affect the integumentary system
describe systemic diseases
-PVD -> decreased circulation
-hepatic failure and renal failure
-neuropathy -> cant feel what happens to skin and slower healing
what are some manifestions of altered integumentary function
-pain
-pruritus (itching)
-rash
-lesions
what are some different types of alterations in integumentary function?
-intentional or unintentional
-open or closed
-acute or chronic
alterations in integumentary function
describe intentional
-serve a therapeutic purpose
-wound edges are clean and bleeding is usually controlled
-risk for infection is decreased
alterations in integumentary function
describe unintentional
-more prone to infection due to longer healing time
-abrsions, lacerations, puncture wound, thermal
-wound edges are usually jagged and bleeding is uncontrolled
alterations in integumentary function
describe closed
-blunt trauma
-skin surface is not broken, damage to soft tissue
-examples include ecchymosis and hematoma
alterations in integumentary function
describe acute
-rapid onset
-heal in days to weeks
-normal healing process
alterations in integumentary function
describe chronic
-more susceptible to infection
-no normal healing process, remains in inflammatory phase
alterations in integumentary function
describe open
-occurs from intentional or unintentional trauma
-skin surface is broken
-bleeding, tissue damage, and increased risk for infection
-examples include incisions and abrasions
developmental considerations
children younger than 2 years
-skin is thinner and weaker
-an infant’s skin and mucous membranes are easily injured and subject to infection
-becomes increasingly resistent to injury and infection
developmental considerations
elderly
-maturation of epidermal cells is prolonged, leading to thin, easily damaged skin
-circulation and collagen formation are impaired, leading to decreased elasticity and increased risk for tissue damage form pressure
