oral and topical medication administration Flashcards
what are the medication administration essentials
-triple check
-three checks
-six rights
-pre administration assessment
-evaluation
types of oral medications
tablets
pills, may be scored
types of oral medications
capsules
-gelatinous cylinder, can be opened
-easier to swallow than tablets
types of oral medications
powder
dissolved into liquid
types of oral medications
liquid
-oral suspensions, can be concentrated or diluted
-oral liquids are measured in oral synringes
-for little cups -> measure at bottom of miniscus and at eye level on flat surface
types of oral medications
time released
-cannot be crushed, has special coating (if crushed, may get more med than intended at wrong time)
-may ahve enteric coating bc the med is dangerous for stomach lining
types of oral medications
buccal
-placed between cheek and gum under upper lip
-dissolves into oral mucosa
types of oral medications
sublingual
-placed under tongue and are dissolved into bloodstream directly from mouth
-should not be chewed or swallowed whole
unless youre touching mucous membranes, do you need gloves to handle oral meds?
nope, it is a clean, not sterile procedure
what are some rules to follow for oral med administration
-measure liquids at eye level
-meds remain in individual dose package until at pts bedside
-must be present while pt takes meds
-dispose of any unused, open meds per agency policy
-hold meds as needed and contact prescriber
-be aware of meds ability to be crushed or chewed
what are some benefits of oral administration
-easy to use
-easy to self administer
-wide variety of meds
what are some risks of oral administration
-aspiration (check gag relfex, sit cliet up, adminster one at a time as needed, use small sips of water)
-GI side effects with many
name some types of inhaled medications
-metered dose inhaler (MDI)
-hand held nebulizer
name some examples of:
lotions, creams, ointments
-emoillients
-steroids
-antihistamines
-hormone replacement
-nitroglycerin
name some examples of:
transdermal meds
-smoking cessation
-birth control
-hormone replacement therapy
-nitroglycerin
-fentanyl
-lidocaine
-scopolamine
name some examples of:
ophthalmic meds
-lubricants
-antihistamines
name some examples of:
otic meds
-lubricants
-antibiotics
name some examples of:
nasal meds
-antihistamines
-steroids
-decongestants
-moisturizers
name some examples of:
vaginal meds
-antifungal
-antibiotic
-hormone replacement
name some examples of:
rectal meds
-laxatives
-anti-emetic
-analgesic
-antipyretic
name some examples of:
inhaled meds
-bronchodilator
-corticosteroid
key administration elements of…
lotions, creams, and ointments
-put on gloves and apply to affected area
-make sure youare assessing skin before administration
key administration elements of…
transdermal meds
-these are patches that are absorbed in bloodtreams from the skin
-wear gloves and assess skin for irritation or breakdown
-skin site should be clean, dry, and free of hair
-ratate application sites
-document where patch is
-most essential to remove any old patches before applying new
-never cut a patch or write directly on it - can effect absorption rate
key administration elements of…
ophthalmic meds
-administered into the eye
-ointments or drops
-have pt look up and at certain location on ceiling
-keep applicator clean
-aviod dropping right onto cornea (go into lower portion of eye)
-avoid rubbing eye
key administration elements of…
otic meds
-use warm solution
-sit or lay with affected ear upwards
-straighten the auditory canal (up and back for adults and down and back fro peds)
-let med fall down side of ear canal and lay with ear upward for 5 mins after administration
key administration elements of…
nasal meds
-sprays or ointments
-occlude one nostril and insert tip, spray towards septum
-have pt inhale as you spray, then hold breath and breathe out through their mouth
-avoid blowing nose for 5-10 minutes
key administration elements of…
vaginal meds
-empty bladder prior to administration
-dorsal recumbant position for insertion, drape appropriately and provide privacy
-lay supine for 5-10 minutes after insertion
-may need peri pad to colect drainage
key administration elements of…
rectal meds
-use sims position
-suppositories are designed to melt at body temp
-lube it up
-insert suppository 3-4 inches
-provide peri care
-lay on side for 5-10 minutes and maintian suppository for as long as possible
key administration elements of…
inhaled meds
metered dose inhaler:
-spacer allows particles to remain suspended long enough for pt to inhale deeply into the lungs
-shake before use - pt presses inhaler, inhales deeply, hold breath for 5-10 secs, take outh off and exhale through pursed lips
nebulizer:
-place liq med inside and turn on O2, breathe normally and inhale med in process
describe pre-administration assessment
-med history
-allergies
-diet
-perceptual or coordinational impairments (dexterity and swallowing ability)
-current condition
-physical assessment (VS and lab values)
describe evaluation of me administration
is the med working??
-evaluae therapeutic and adverse effects
