oral and topical medication administration

Question 1

what are the medication administration essentials

Answer 1

-triple check
-three checks
-six rights
-pre administration assessment
-evaluation

Question 2

types of oral medications

tablets

Answer 2

pills, may be scored

Question 3

types of oral medications

capsules

Answer 3

-gelatinous cylinder, can be opened
-easier to swallow than tablets

Question 4

types of oral medications

powder

Answer 4

dissolved into liquid

Question 5

types of oral medications

liquid

Answer 5

-oral suspensions, can be concentrated or diluted
-oral liquids are measured in oral synringes
-for little cups -> measure at bottom of miniscus and at eye level on flat surface

Question 6

types of oral medications

time released

Answer 6

-cannot be crushed, has special coating (if crushed, may get more med than intended at wrong time)
-may ahve enteric coating bc the med is dangerous for stomach lining

Question 7

types of oral medications

buccal

Answer 7

-placed between cheek and gum under upper lip
-dissolves into oral mucosa

Question 8

types of oral medications

sublingual

Answer 8

-placed under tongue and are dissolved into bloodstream directly from mouth
-should not be chewed or swallowed whole

Question 9

unless youre touching mucous membranes, do you need gloves to handle oral meds?

Answer 9

nope, it is a clean, not sterile procedure

Question 10

what are some rules to follow for oral med administration

Answer 10

-measure liquids at eye level
-meds remain in individual dose package until at pts bedside
-must be present while pt takes meds
-dispose of any unused, open meds per agency policy
-hold meds as needed and contact prescriber
-be aware of meds ability to be crushed or chewed

Question 11

what are some benefits of oral administration

Answer 11

-easy to use
-easy to self administer
-wide variety of meds

Question 12

what are some risks of oral administration

Answer 12

-aspiration (check gag relfex, sit cliet up, adminster one at a time as needed, use small sips of water)
-GI side effects with many

Question 13

name some types of inhaled medications

Answer 13

-metered dose inhaler (MDI)
-hand held nebulizer

Question 14

name some examples of:

lotions, creams, ointments

Answer 14

-emoillients
-steroids
-antihistamines
-hormone replacement
-nitroglycerin

Question 15

name some examples of:

transdermal meds

Answer 15

-smoking cessation
-birth control
-hormone replacement therapy
-nitroglycerin
-fentanyl
-lidocaine
-scopolamine

Question 16

name some examples of:

ophthalmic meds

Answer 16

-lubricants
-antihistamines

Question 17

name some examples of:

otic meds

Answer 17

-lubricants
-antibiotics

Question 18

name some examples of:

nasal meds

Answer 18

-antihistamines
-steroids
-decongestants
-moisturizers

Question 19

name some examples of:

vaginal meds

Answer 19

-antifungal
-antibiotic
-hormone replacement

Question 20

name some examples of:

rectal meds

Answer 20

-laxatives
-anti-emetic
-analgesic
-antipyretic

Question 21

name some examples of:

inhaled meds

Answer 21

-bronchodilator
-corticosteroid

Question 22

key administration elements of…

lotions, creams, and ointments

Answer 22

-put on gloves and apply to affected area
-make sure youare assessing skin before administration

Question 23

key administration elements of…

transdermal meds

Answer 23

-these are patches that are absorbed in bloodtreams from the skin
-wear gloves and assess skin for irritation or breakdown
-skin site should be clean, dry, and free of hair
-ratate application sites
-document where patch is
-most essential to remove any old patches before applying new
-never cut a patch or write directly on it - can effect absorption rate

Question 24

key administration elements of…

ophthalmic meds

Answer 24

-administered into the eye
-ointments or drops
-have pt look up and at certain location on ceiling
-keep applicator clean
-aviod dropping right onto cornea (go into lower portion of eye)
-avoid rubbing eye

Question 25

key administration elements of…

otic meds

Answer 25

-use warm solution
-sit or lay with affected ear upwards
-straighten the auditory canal (up and back for adults and down and back fro peds)
-let med fall down side of ear canal and lay with ear upward for 5 mins after administration

Question 26

key administration elements of…

nasal meds

Answer 26

-sprays or ointments
-occlude one nostril and insert tip, spray towards septum
-have pt inhale as you spray, then hold breath and breathe out through their mouth
-avoid blowing nose for 5-10 minutes

Question 27

key administration elements of…

vaginal meds

Answer 27

-empty bladder prior to administration
-dorsal recumbant position for insertion, drape appropriately and provide privacy
-lay supine for 5-10 minutes after insertion
-may need peri pad to colect drainage

Question 28

key administration elements of…

rectal meds

Answer 28

-use sims position
-suppositories are designed to melt at body temp
-lube it up
-insert suppository 3-4 inches
-provide peri care
-lay on side for 5-10 minutes and maintian suppository for as long as possible

Question 29

key administration elements of…

inhaled meds

Answer 29

metered dose inhaler:
-spacer allows particles to remain suspended long enough for pt to inhale deeply into the lungs
-shake before use - pt presses inhaler, inhales deeply, hold breath for 5-10 secs, take outh off and exhale through pursed lips

nebulizer:
-place liq med inside and turn on O2, breathe normally and inhale med in process

Question 30

describe pre-administration assessment

Answer 30

-med history
-allergies
-diet
-perceptual or coordinational impairments (dexterity and swallowing ability)
-current condition
-physical assessment (VS and lab values)

Question 31

describe evaluation of me administration

Answer 31

is the med working??
-evaluae therapeutic and adverse effects