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nursing 20030 > alterations in sensory processes and cognitive functions > Flashcards

alterations in sensory processes and cognitive functions Flashcards

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1
Q

what is sensory reception

A

process of receiving data of external and internal environemnt via the senses

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2
Q

what are some different ways of receiving sensory input

A

-visual
-auditory
-gustatory
-tactile
-olfactory
-kinesthetic
-stereognosis

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3
Q

what is kinesthetic

A

awareness of body position and movement

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4
Q

what is stereognosis

A

sense that perceives solidity of objects and their size, shape, and texture

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5
Q

describe functional sensory input

A

reception -> perception -> reaction

RAS

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6
Q

describe RAS

A

-poorly defined network, highly selective
-extends from hypothalamus to medulla
-mediates arousal and decides what is important
-optimal arousal state: sensoristasis
-monitors and regulates incoming sensory stimuli

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7
Q

somnolent

A

extreme drowsiness, but will respond normally to stimuli

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8
Q

stupor

A

unconscious but can be aroused by extreme and or repeated stimuli

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9
Q

coma

A

unconscious and cannot be aroused and does not respond to stimuli

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10
Q

what is normal awareness

A

alert, aware, and responsive

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11
Q

what is sensory deprivation

A

reduction in or absence of usual and accustomed stimuli

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12
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of sensory deprivation

A

-anxiety
-depression
-boredom
-unsettled feeling
-hallucinations

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13
Q

what are some causes of sensory deprivation

A

-altered sensory reception (problem getting stimuli to CNS)
-deprived environments (immobilized, in isolation)

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14
Q

what are some interventions for sensory deprivation

A

-reorient
-increase meaninful stimuli
-increase visitors and conversation
-music, pet therapy

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15
Q

what is sensory overload

A

one or more of the sense are overloaded

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16
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of sensory overload

A

-agitation
-racing thoughts
-confusion

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17
Q

what are some causes of sensory overload

A

-internal stimuli (pain, nausea, anxiety)
-external stimuli (roommate, environment)
-other: taking in new info

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18
Q

what are some interventions for sensory overload

A

-treat what you can
-get rid of unnecessary stimuli
-cluster care
-instrictions with 1-2 steps

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19
Q

what is sensory deficit

A

-impairment, or lack, or senses
-impaired vision, hearing, taste, smell, os tactile perception
-can be reversible or permanent
-interventions: idk I went to the bathroom for this slide

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20
Q

describe sensory processing disorder

A

-difficulty in the way the brain receives sensory information, or the way the brain organizes and uses that information
-leads to challenges interacting in the environment

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21
Q

which of the following are indications of sensory deprivation? choose all that apply

A i feel anxious all the time
B there is nothing good to watch on TV
C will you please tell that dragon to get off my bed
D make sure you close my door when you leave
E whats the use? nothing ever changes anyway
F does everything in this room make a noise?

A

A
B
C
E

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22
Q

what are some factors that affect sensory function

A

-age
-culture
-personality and lifestyle
-stress and illness
-medication
-previous experience

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23
Q

what are some common visual alterations

A

-presbyopia
-cataracts
-glaucoma
-retinopathy
-macular degeneration

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24
Q

describe presbyopia

A

change of near vision that comes with age (around 40)

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25
Q

describe cataracts

A

-clouding of lens of the eye
-can be surgically removed and replaced
-occurs with advanced age (80)

26
Q

describe glaucoma

A

-irreversible increased IOP -> optic nerve damage
-managed with eye gtt

27
Q

describe retinopathy

A

-noninflammatory change to retina
-lead to partial or complete loss of vision
-can resolve with meds
-can be sudden or happen over time
-can be seen with DM

28
Q

describe macular degeneration

A

-loos of central vision
-meds can slow it but there is no cure

29
Q

what are some common hearing alterations

A

-presbycusis
-cerumen accumulation

30
Q

describe presbycusis

A

-sensorineural -> can also occur from ototxicity, loud noises, or head trauma
-most common, permanent hearing loss
-occurs with age

31
Q

describe cerumen accumulation

A

conductive -> sounds cant get through

32
Q

what are some neurological alterations

A

-peripheral neuropathy
-CVA/stroke

33
Q

what is an intervention that is appropriate when caring for a pt who is hearing impaired

A

position yourself so that light is on your face

34
Q

describe assessment of sensory alterations

A

-thorough history
-mental status
-physical assessment
-self-care abilities
-health promotion
-safety
-communication
-support
-other factors

35
Q

describe implementation with sensory alterations and the nursing process

A

-health promotion
-screening
-safety
-promoting stimulation and communication

36
Q

describe cognitive function

A

-systematic way in which a person thinks, reasons, and uses language
-the mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment

37
Q

describe normal cognitive processes

A

allows knowledge to be gained, manipulated, and expressed

-cognition
-consciousness
-attention
-memory
-learning
-communication

38
Q

name some cgaracteristics of normal cognition

A

-intelligence
-reality perception
-orientation
-judgement
-recall and recognition
-language

39
Q

describe intelligence

A

ability to acquire and apply knowledge

40
Q

describe judgement

A

interpretation and acting appropriately

41
Q

true or false

when caring for an unconscious pt, the urse should speak loudly and assume that the pt can hear the nurse

A

false

42
Q

what are some factors affecting cognitive function

A

-age
-nutrition and metabolism
-sleep and rest
-self concept
-infectious processes
-degenerative processes
-head trauma
-pharmacologic agents
-envirnmental factors
-culture, values, and beliefs

43
Q

how can polypharmacy affect cognitive functions

A

may lead to drug interactions

44
Q

describe beers criteria

A

lists meds that shoul not be used (or should be used cautiously) in adults over the age of 65

45
Q

what are some diagnostic tests used to assess cognitive function

A

-oxygen saturation
-lab values:
glucose
sodium
calcium
ammonia
urea
WBC, Hgb, Hct
drug toxicity

46
Q

what are some manifestations of altered cognitive function

A

impaired though process:
-disorganized thinking
-altered level of arousal
-altered attention
-memory impairment
impaired communication

47
Q

describe expressive aphasia (brocas aphasia)

A

-inability to express words on wants to say (verbal or written)
-limited speech; low or take great effort; reduced grammar; poor articulation
-preson knows what they want to say but cant find words

48
Q

describe receptive aphasia (wernickes aphasia)

A

-difficulty understanding verbal or written words
-impaired auditory comprehension and feedback

49
Q

describe dysarthria

A

-motor speech disorder (r/t stroke or brain injury)
-speech is slurred or garbled, slow, soft

50
Q

what is delirium

A

-acute confusional state; typically sudden onset
-can potentially be reversed;often due to a physiological cause
-requires prompt assessment and intervention
-can be hyper or hypo
-can affect anyone of any age

51
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of delirium

A

-paranoia
-hallucinations
-altered reality
-impaired memory

52
Q

describe dementia

A

-generalized impairment of intellectual functioning;interferes with social and occupational functioning
-gradual onset; progressive and irreversible

53
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of dementia

A

-anxiety
-repeated questions
-emotional shit
-socially or sexually inappropriate
-wandering

54
Q

what are some different types of dementia

A

-alzheimers (most common + cause is unknown)
-diffuse lewy body disease
-frontotemporal dementia
-vascular dementia

55
Q

what are the 7As of dementia

A

-anosognosia (no knowledge of illness)
-aphasia (language issues)
-agnosia (loss of ability to process sensory input)
-apraxia (loss of skilled physical movement)
-amnesia (loss of memory, cant form new ones)
-altered perception
-apathy (loss of interest/enthusiasm)

progressive symptoms

56
Q

describe depression

A

-reversible condition
-may be mistaken for dementia

57
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of depression

A

-Feelings of sadness, fatigue, anger
-Abandoning or losing interest in hobbies or other pleasurable pastimes
-Social withdrawal and isolation (reluctance to be with friends, engage in activities, or leave home)
-Weight loss, anorexia
-Sleep disturbances (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, oversleeping, or daytime sleepiness)
-Loss of self worth (worries about being a burden, feelings of worthlessness, self-loathing
-Increased use of alcohol or other drugs
-Fixation on death; suicidal thoughts or attempts

58
Q

addressing health concerns of ppl with altered cognition

physiological

A

-prevention and management of diseases
-nutritional needs
-encouraging exercise
-assisting with sensory impairments
-med use

59
Q

addressing health concerns of ppl with altered cognition

psychosocial

A

-therapeutic communication
-touch
-reality orientation
-validation therapy
-reminiscence
-body image interventions

60
Q

nursing process and cognition

diagnosis

A

-acute or chronic cognition
-impaired memory
-impaired verbal communication

61
Q

nursing process and cognition

implementation

A

-safety
-health promotion
-orientation to surroundings
-communication methods

nursing 20030 (31 decks)

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