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medication administration Flashcards

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1
Q

terminolgy

MAR

A

-medication administraion record
-legal documentation regarding medication administration

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2
Q

terminology

EMAR

A

-electronic medication administration record

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3
Q

terminology

bar code administration

A

-scan band
-system process to reduce (but not eliminate) medication errors

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4
Q

terminology

chemical name

A

-molecular makeup of medication
-not used in clinical practice often

ex. acetylsalicylic acid

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5
Q

terminology

generic name

A

-one name given to drug by group who first identified it

ex. aspirin

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6
Q

terminology

trade name

(brand name)

A

-specific manufacturer, copyrighted to distribute

ex. bayer

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7
Q

who regulates drugs and requires drugs to have uniform purity standards for active ingredients

A

FDA

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8
Q

describe how medications are classified

A

-medications are classified by the way they act against disease or disorders (their effects on a body system) or by their chemical composition, or their clinical indications for the therapeutic effect

therapeutic and pharmacologic classification

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9
Q

describe…

therapeutic classification

A

-the way drugs act against diease or disorders and their effect on a body system
-examples include alagesics and laxatives

what the drug does - physiological change

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10
Q

describe…

pharmacologic classification

A

-mechanism of action of the drug at the molecular level
-the genera; indications, precautions, and nursing implications are similar in the same pharmacologic classification
-examples: beta blockers and ace inhibitors

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11
Q

describe…

therapeutic effect

A

desired physiologic response

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12
Q

describe…

adverse effects

A

anything other than therapeutic effects

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13
Q

name some adverse effects

A

-side effects
-tolerance
-toxicity
-idiosyncratic effect
-severe adverse effect
-allergic reaction
-anaphylactic shock

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14
Q

describe…

side effects

A

-can vary from slighly bothersome to so bothersome you may have to switch drug therapies
-ex. ace inhibitors can give a harsh cough

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15
Q

describe…

tolerance

A

pt requires higher dose over time to achieve same response

ex. opioids

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16
Q

describe…

toxicity

A

-too much of a drug
-reactions with other drigs
-inhibited metabolism or excretion of a drug (impaired kidneys or liver)

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17
Q

describe…

idiosyncratic effect

A

-unexpected response
-exaggerated or opposite

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18
Q

describe…

severe adverse effect

A

-FDA term (reportes to them by pharmacists- may lead to black box warning)
-response to med is life threatening, requiring intervention to prvent death or disability
-or med leads to death, hospitalization, disability, or congenital defects

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19
Q

describe…

allergic reaction

A

-when there is an immunologic response to the med
-drug is the antigen -> body creates lymphoctes to attack antigen

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20
Q

describe…

anaphylactic reaction

A

-life threatening
-throat swelling, circulatory collapse
-use epi and call 911
-can premedicate in hospital for anticipated reaction

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21
Q

name some different types of drug interactions

A

-synergy/synergism
-antagonist/antagonism
-incompatibility
-teratogenic

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22
Q

describe…

synergy/synergism

A

-better together
-multiple drugs work better when used together than when given alone

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23
Q

describe…

antagonists/antagonism

A

drugs that reduce, alter, or interfere with the effect of another drug

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24
Q

describe…

incompatibility

A

-chemical compatibility if liquid (primarily injectable) medications
-just look it up

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25
Q

describe…

teratogenic

A

-interaction of med with developing fetus
-most dangerous in first trimester

not tons of info on it

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26
Q

describe…

pregnancy category A

A

no risk to the fetus in any trimester

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27
Q

describe…

pregnancy category B

A

no adverse effects demonstrated in animals; no human studies

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28
Q

describe…

pregnancy category C

A

studies with animals have shown adverse reactions; no human studies; given only after risks to the fetus have been considered

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29
Q

describe…

pregnancy category D

A

definite fetal risk; only given if life threatening condition exists

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30
Q

describe…

describe pregnancy category X

A

absolute fetal abnormality; not to be used anytime in pregnancy

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31
Q

terminology

onset

A

-amount of time for the therapeutic effect to begin
-varies based on med and dose

32
Q

terminology

peak

A

time when concentration in blood is highest

33
Q

terminology

duration

A

how long therapeutic effect lasts

effects dosing frequency

34
Q

terminology

trough

A

-sample of blood is taken prior to next scheduled dose (should be at lowest concentration)
-measured to evaluate metabolism of drug

35
Q

terminology

plateau

A

consistent concentration in blood with repeated fixed doses

36
Q

terminology

half-life

A

amount of time it takes to reduce concentration by half through elimination

37
Q

terminology

therapeutic range

A

-blood draw to ensure there is effective concentration but not toxic
-can vary between drugs

38
Q

name some different medication orders

A

-routine
-standing
-prn
-single
-stat
-telephone or verbal orders
-medication reconciliation

39
Q

describe…

routine orders

A

-usual order
-keep giving until order is discontinued

40
Q

describe…

standing orders

A

-if X, then Y
-ex. if BS less than 35, give insulin

41
Q

describe…

PRN orders

A

-as needed
-more freuqent than standing and can be for comfort, or be more lifethreatening

42
Q

describe…

single orders

A

happen once

43
Q

describe…

stat order

A

-immediately
-usually for life threatening situations
-can be given before a pharmacist signs off on it

44
Q

describe…

telephone or verbal orders

A

-verbal communication with prescriber
-has to be urgent
-take out something to write on
-read back

45
Q

describe…

medication reconciliation

A

-process of reviewing meds at every change of location of pt

reviewing for duplications and omissions

46
Q

what are the med administration essentials

A

-triple check
-three checks
-six rights
-patients rights
-pre administration assessment
-evaluation

47
Q

describe…

triple check

A

-visually confirm the medication:
1. when the nurse reaches for the med
2. when the dose is in the nurses hand
3. one last time before administering to the patient

48
Q

describe…

three checks

A

-different from triple check
1. check med order
2. check pt allergies
3. check meds expiration date

49
Q

describe…

6 rights

A

-right drug
-right dose
-right route
-right time
-right patient
-right documentation

50
Q

name some different routs of med administration

A

-oral
-sublingual
-buccal
-enteral
-inhalation
-topical
-parenteral

51
Q

what are some different types of topical administration

A

-transdermal
-opthalmic
-otic
-nasal
-rectal
-vaginal

52
Q

name some different types of parenteral administration

A

-intradermal
-subcutaneous
-intramuscular
-intravenous
-epidural
-intrathecal

53
Q

describe…

patients rights

A

right to…
-information
-careful assessment
-informed consent
-safe administration
-supportive therapy
-have no unecessary medications

54
Q

describe…

pre administration assessment

A

evaluate…
-include both direct and indirect data
-med history
-allergies
-current med list
-diet history/diet order
-neurological problems
-current condition
-lab values
-physical assessment

55
Q

describe…

evaluation

A

-when is this completed?
-determine therapeutic effect
-determine adverse effects

56
Q

describe…

polypharmacy

A

lots of drugs

57
Q

describe…

misuse

A

using a medication other than as prescribed

58
Q

describe…

noncompliance

A

not following the plan

59
Q

describe…

vitamins, supplements, and OTC

as special considerations with med administration

A

can interact and does interact with other medication

60
Q

when should you remove meds from individual dose packaging?

A

keep meds in packaging until immediately prior to administration

also only the person who prepared the med should administer it

61
Q

should you leave meds unattended?

A

nope

medication security and verification of medication

62
Q

what do you do with unused medications?

A

unused medications need to be disposed of following special rules

63
Q

can you withhold medications?

A

yes. withhold medications based on your assessment and collaboration with physician

64
Q

describe controlled substances

when talking about administration

A

regulated by federal law
(who can prescribe, specific record keeping, procedures for dispensing and wasting)

65
Q

med errors are due to…

A

-can be due to human error and/or syste ineffectiveness
-violation of one of te 6 rights

66
Q

what phase of the administration process can med errors occur?

A

can occur at each phase of the process:
-ordering
-transcribing
-dispensing
-administering

67
Q

what factors can lead to an administration-relted med error?

A

-miscommunication
-too many patients
-knowledge deficit
-fatigue
-complacency
-distractions

68
Q

what are some processes and systems to reduce errors?

A

-tallMAN letters (used for lookalike soundalike drugs)
-high alert medications (meds that have increased risk if error occurs)
-dual verification

69
Q

in the event of an error…

what do you do???

A

-assess patient immediately (collect data to determine what you need to assess)
-notify physician (may need supportive treatment, reversal agents, tests, monitoring)
-complete incident report

70
Q

describe patient centered care

as it applies to safe med administration

A

if possible, adapt to patients normal schedule and routine

71
Q

describe teamwork and collaboration

as it applies to safe med administration

A

there are many people invlolved with med administration. including:
-pharmacists
-prescribers
-nurses
-nursing assistants
-respiratory therapists

72
Q

describe EBP

as it applies to safe med administration

A

how we administer meds comes from evidence based practice

73
Q

describe quality improvement

as it applies to safe med administration

A

think aboiut errors before they occur

74
Q

describe safety

as it applies to safe med administration

A

know what you dont know

75
Q

describe informatics

as it applies to safe med administration

A

-EHR
-med resources online

nursing 20030 (31 decks)

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