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Medicine: Dermatology > Skin Infection > Flashcards

Skin Infection Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is tinea?

A

Dermatophyte fungal infection

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2
Q

What is this a presentation of?

Prepubertal child, scaly area with broken hair on scalp, may have scarring alopecia.

A

Tinea capitis

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3
Q

What happens to tinea capitis if left untreated?

A

Raised, spongy/boggy mass called a kerion may form.

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4
Q

Which organism commonly causes tinea capitis?

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

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5
Q

How is tinea capitis diagnosed and treated?

A
  1. Scalp scrapings

2. Oral antifungal terbinafine and ketoconazole shampoo

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6
Q

What is this a presentation of?

Well defined, round, scaly, itchy lesion. Edge is more inflamed than centre. Trunk and limbs commonly.

A

Tinea corporis (ringworm)

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7
Q

How is tinea corporis diagnosed and treated?

A
  1. Skin scrapings of ring edge

2. Topical antifungal terbinafine/imidazole BD for 2 weeks/oral fluconazole.

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8
Q

What is this a presentation of?

Itchy, peeling skin between toes.

A

Tinea pedis (athletes foot)

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9
Q

What is the treatment for tinea pedis (athletes foot)?

A

Topical imidazole/terbinafine

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10
Q

What causes candida albicans?

A

Commensal yeast in mouth and gastrointestinal tract.

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11
Q

What is this a presentation of?

Pink, moist skin +/- satellite lesions in mouth, vagina, glans penis, and skin folds.

A

Candida albicans

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12
Q

How is candida albicans treated on the skin?

A

Imidazole cream

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13
Q

How is candida albicans treated in the mouth?

A

Nystatin oral suspension/miconazole gel

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14
Q

How is candida albicans treated in the vagina?

A

Imidazole cream and pessary (Canesten combi)

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15
Q

Which organisms are commonly responsible for impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

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16
Q

What is this a presentation of?

3-5 year old, golden crusted skin lesion around nose and mouth. Can occur on limbs not covered by clothing.

A

Impetigo

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17
Q

How contagious is impetigo?

A

Highly contagious, can spread through toys and clothing.

18
Q

What is the treatment for limited/localised impetigo?

A

Topical fusidic acid

19
Q

What is the treatment for extensive impetigo?

A

Oral flucloxacillin

20
Q

How long should children be excluded from school for if they have impetigo?

A
  1. Until lesions are crusted and healed
    Or
  2. 48 hours after starting antibiotics
21
Q

What causes warts?

A

Human papilloma virus

22
Q

What is a verruca?

A

A plantar wart

23
Q

When should you treat warts?

A

If they are painful, unsightly, or persisting (90% disappear within 2 years without treatment)

24
Q

What is the treatment for warts?

A
  1. Topical salicylic acid gel daily for 12 weeks

2. Cryotherapy once per month for 4 cycles

25
Q

What is the treatment for genital warts?

A
  1. Topical podophyllum for multiple

2. Cryotherapy for solitary, keratinised

26
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

Molluscum contagiosum virus (pox virus)

27
Q

What is this a presentation of?

1-4 years old, pinkish/pearly white papules with central umbilication, up to 5mm in diameter.

A

Molluscum contagiosum

28
Q

What is the curative treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A
  1. Treatment NOT recommended (resolves within 18 months)

2. Cryotherapy in older children/adults if painful/unsightly

29
Q

What is the symptomatic treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A
  1. If itchy - emollient and hydrocortisone

2. If infected (oedema and crusting) - topical fusidic acid

30
Q

What is this a presentation of?

Severe gingivostomatitis, cold sores, or painful genital ulceration.

A

Herpes simplex virus infection

31
Q

How is gingivostomatitis (HSV-1) treated?

A

PO acyclovir and chlorhexidine mouth wash

32
Q

How is genital herpes (HSV-2) treated?

A

PO acyclovir

33
Q

Which virus causes herpes zoster?

A

Varicella zoster virus

34
Q

What is this a presentation of?

Acute, unilateral, painful, blistering rash in a dermatomal pattern.

A

Herpes zoster infection

35
Q

How is herpes zoster treated?

A

PO acyclovir

36
Q

How is herpes zoster infection protected against in the elderly population?

A

Live-attenuated SC shingles vaccine offered to all ages 70-79.

37
Q

What is this a presentation of?

Child/young adult, widespread pruritus affecting fingers, interdigital webs, flexor aspect of wrist, axillae.

A

Scabies (infestation)

38
Q

Who should be treated when someone is diagnosed with scabies?

A

All members of the household and close contacts regardless of symptoms.

39
Q

What is the management for scabies?

A
  1. Permethrin 5% cream 1st line (malathion 0.5% 2nd line)
  2. Clean all clothing, bedding, towels.
  3. Warm both, soap skin, scrub fingers and nails with brush, cream body, wash off after 24 hours, repeat every 7 days.
40
Q

What may worsen in treatment of scabies and how is this mitigated?

A
  1. Pruritus

2. Crotamiton cream

41
Q

How do headlice spread and what is the recommendation for exclusion from school?

A
  1. Head to head contact (lice can’t jump)

2. No school exclusion advised

42
Q

What is the management for headlice infection?

A
  1. Regular combing of hair with fine-tooth comb

2. Malathion/Dimeticone

Medicine: Dermatology (19 decks)

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