Skin, Hair, and Nails Flashcards
Acrocyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet; may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if the newborn is kept in cool ambient temperatures
Alopecia
Hair loss
Alopecia areata
Patchy, non-scarring, asymmetric hair loss occurring in sharply defined areas of the scalp or beard
Annular
Shaped like a ring; used to describe a lesion that forms a ring around a clear center of normal skin
Atrophy
Thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like
Bulla
Vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter
Cellulitis
Diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
Chloasma
Facial discoloration common in pregnancy; also called the mask of pregnancy
Confluent
Referring to lesions that run together
Crust
Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies; brown, red, black, tan, or straw-colored
Cutis marmorata
Marbled or mottled appearance of the skin of a newborn when exposed to decreased temperatures; occurs because the newborn’s immature vascular system is unable to adapt to temperature changes
Cyst
Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-solid material
Dermatomal
Referring to a lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body
Ecchymosis
A contusion or a bruise
Eczematous dermatitis
Common inflammatory skin disorder presenting with puritic papulovesicular lesions
Erosion
Loss of part of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla
Erythema toxicum
Common transient benign condition seen in newborns during the first week consisting of generalized small papules or pustules
Excoriation
Loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed-out, crusted area
Fissure
Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry
Folliculitis
Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis
Furuncle
Deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit; boil
Harlequin color change
Skin coloration that occurs in some newborns in response to changes in position
Keloid
Irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing
Lanugo
Fine, silky hair of newborn’s skin
Lichenification
Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity
Macule
Flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1 cm in diameter
Mongolian spots
Areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn
Morbilliform
Maculopapular lesion that becomes confluent on the face and body
Nevus
Mole that varies in size and color
Nodule
Elevated, firm, circumscribed area; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter
Papule
Elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter
Patch
Flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter
Petechiae
Tiny, flat purple or red spots on the skin surface, resulting from minute hemorrhages within the dermal layer
Pityriasis rosea
Common, self-limiting exanthematous rash whose onset is marked by a “herald patch”
Plaque
Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
Psoriasis
Chronic recurrent disease of keratin synthesis
Pustule
Elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid
Salmon patches (stork bites)
Flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on the mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of a newborn
Scale
Heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size
Scar
Thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis
Sebum
Lipid substance that keeps skin and hair from drying out
Stellate
Refers to a star-shaped lesion
Telangiectasia
Fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation
Tinea
Group of noncandidal fungal infections
Tumor
Elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter
Vellus hair
Short, fine, nonpigmented hair
Vernix caseosa
Mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis that covers the infant’s body at birth
Vesicle
Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter
Wheal
Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diameter
Ulcer
Loss of epidermis and dermis; concave, varies in size
