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Clinical Medicine > Skin, Hair, and Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet; may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if the newborn is kept in cool ambient temperatures

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2
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss

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3
Q

Alopecia areata

A

Patchy, non-scarring, asymmetric hair loss occurring in sharply defined areas of the scalp or beard

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4
Q

Annular

A

Shaped like a ring; used to describe a lesion that forms a ring around a clear center of normal skin

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5
Q

Atrophy

A

Thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like

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6
Q

Bulla

A

Vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter

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7
Q

Cellulitis

A

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

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8
Q

Chloasma

A

Facial discoloration common in pregnancy; also called the mask of pregnancy

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9
Q

Confluent

A

Referring to lesions that run together

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10
Q

Crust

A

Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies; brown, red, black, tan, or straw-colored

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11
Q

Cutis marmorata

A

Marbled or mottled appearance of the skin of a newborn when exposed to decreased temperatures; occurs because the newborn’s immature vascular system is unable to adapt to temperature changes

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12
Q

Cyst

A

Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-solid material

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13
Q

Dermatomal

A

Referring to a lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body

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14
Q

Ecchymosis

A

A contusion or a bruise

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15
Q

Eczematous dermatitis

A

Common inflammatory skin disorder presenting with puritic papulovesicular lesions

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16
Q

Erosion

A

Loss of part of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla

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17
Q

Erythema toxicum

A

Common transient benign condition seen in newborns during the first week consisting of generalized small papules or pustules

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18
Q

Excoriation

A

Loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed-out, crusted area

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19
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry

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20
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis

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21
Q

Furuncle

A

Deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit; boil

22
Q

Harlequin color change

A

Skin coloration that occurs in some newborns in response to changes in position

23
Q

Keloid

A

Irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing

24
Q

Lanugo

A

Fine, silky hair of newborn’s skin

25
Q

Lichenification

A

Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity

26
Q

Macule

A

Flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1 cm in diameter

27
Q

Mongolian spots

A

Areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn

28
Q

Morbilliform

A

Maculopapular lesion that becomes confluent on the face and body

29
Q

Nevus

A

Mole that varies in size and color

30
Q

Nodule

A

Elevated, firm, circumscribed area; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter

31
Q

Papule

A

Elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter

32
Q

Patch

A

Flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter

33
Q

Petechiae

A

Tiny, flat purple or red spots on the skin surface, resulting from minute hemorrhages within the dermal layer

34
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

Common, self-limiting exanthematous rash whose onset is marked by a “herald patch”

35
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter

36
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic recurrent disease of keratin synthesis

37
Q

Pustule

A

Elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

38
Q

Salmon patches (stork bites)

A

Flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on the mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of a newborn

39
Q

Scale

A

Heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size

40
Q

Scar

A

Thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis

41
Q

Sebum

A

Lipid substance that keeps skin and hair from drying out

42
Q

Stellate

A

Refers to a star-shaped lesion

43
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation

44
Q

Tinea

A

Group of noncandidal fungal infections

45
Q

Tumor

A

Elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter

46
Q

Vellus hair

A

Short, fine, nonpigmented hair

47
Q

Vernix caseosa

A

Mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis that covers the infant’s body at birth

48
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter

49
Q

Wheal

A

Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diameter

50
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis; concave, varies in size

Clinical Medicine (14 decks)

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