Skin, Hair, and Nails

Question 1

Acrocyanosis

Answer 1

Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet; may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if the newborn is kept in cool ambient temperatures

Question 2

Alopecia

Answer 2

Hair loss

Question 3

Alopecia areata

Answer 3

Patchy, non-scarring, asymmetric hair loss occurring in sharply defined areas of the scalp or beard

Question 4

Annular

Answer 4

Shaped like a ring; used to describe a lesion that forms a ring around a clear center of normal skin

Question 5

Atrophy

Answer 5

Thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like

Question 6

Bulla

Answer 6

Vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter

Question 7

Cellulitis

Answer 7

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Question 8

Chloasma

Answer 8

Facial discoloration common in pregnancy; also called the mask of pregnancy

Question 9

Confluent

Answer 9

Referring to lesions that run together

Question 10

Crust

Answer 10

Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies; brown, red, black, tan, or straw-colored

Question 11

Cutis marmorata

Answer 11

Marbled or mottled appearance of the skin of a newborn when exposed to decreased temperatures; occurs because the newborn’s immature vascular system is unable to adapt to temperature changes

Question 12

Cyst

Answer 12

Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-solid material

Question 13

Dermatomal

Answer 13

Referring to a lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body

Question 14

Ecchymosis

Answer 14

A contusion or a bruise

Question 15

Eczematous dermatitis

Answer 15

Common inflammatory skin disorder presenting with puritic papulovesicular lesions

Question 16

Erosion

Answer 16

Loss of part of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla

Question 17

Erythema toxicum

Answer 17

Common transient benign condition seen in newborns during the first week consisting of generalized small papules or pustules

Question 18

Excoriation

Answer 18

Loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed-out, crusted area

Question 19

Fissure

Answer 19

Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry

Question 20

Folliculitis

Answer 20

Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis

Question 21

Furuncle

Answer 21

Deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit; boil

Question 22

Harlequin color change

Answer 22

Skin coloration that occurs in some newborns in response to changes in position

Question 23

Keloid

Answer 23

Irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing

Question 24

Lanugo

Answer 24

Fine, silky hair of newborn’s skin

Question 25

Lichenification

Answer 25

Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity

Question 26

Macule

Answer 26

Flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 27

Mongolian spots

Answer 27

Areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn

Question 28

Morbilliform

Answer 28

Maculopapular lesion that becomes confluent on the face and body

Question 29

Nevus

Answer 29

Mole that varies in size and color

Question 30

Nodule

Answer 30

Elevated, firm, circumscribed area; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter

Question 31

Papule

Answer 31

Elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 32

Patch

Answer 32

Flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter

Question 33

Petechiae

Answer 33

Tiny, flat purple or red spots on the skin surface, resulting from minute hemorrhages within the dermal layer

Question 34

Pityriasis rosea

Answer 34

Common, self-limiting exanthematous rash whose onset is marked by a "herald patch"

Question 35

Plaque

Answer 35

Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter

Question 36

Psoriasis

Answer 36

Chronic recurrent disease of keratin synthesis

Question 37

Pustule

Answer 37

Elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

Question 38

Salmon patches (stork bites)

Answer 38

Flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on the mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of a newborn

Question 39

Scale

Answer 39

Heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size

Question 40

Scar

Answer 40

Thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis

Question 41

Sebum

Answer 41

Lipid substance that keeps skin and hair from drying out

Question 42

Stellate

Answer 42

Refers to a star-shaped lesion

Question 43

Telangiectasia

Answer 43

Fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation

Question 44

Tinea

Answer 44

Group of noncandidal fungal infections

Question 45

Tumor

Answer 45

Elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter

Question 46

Vellus hair

Answer 46

Short, fine, nonpigmented hair

Question 47

Vernix caseosa

Answer 47

Mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis that covers the infant's body at birth

Question 48

Vesicle

Answer 48

Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 49

Wheal

Answer 49

Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diameter

Question 50

Ulcer

Answer 50

Loss of epidermis and dermis; concave, varies in size