Female Genitalia

Question 1

Amenorrhea

Answer 1

Absence or suppression of menstruation

Question 2

Bartholin glands

Answer 2

Located posteriorly on each side of vaginal orifice with openings onto sides of vestibule between labia minora and hymen

Question 3

Chadwick sign

Answer 3

Bluish discoloration of cervix that normally occurs with pregnancy at 6-8 week’s duration

Question 4

Climacteric

Answer 4

Term that describes period that marks cessation of woman’s reproductive period (female climacteric or menopause); a corresponding period of lessening sexual activity in the male (male climacteric)

Question 5

Clitoris

Answer 5

Small bud of erectile tissue (homolog of penis) and a primary center of sexual excitement

Question 6

Cystitis

Answer 6

Inflammation of the urinary bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending infections and involve associated organs (kidney, prostrate, urethra)

Question 7

Cystocele

Answer 7

Bladder hernia, an injury to the vesicovaginal fascia during delivery may allow the bladder to pouch into the vagina causing a cystocele

Question 8

Dilation

Answer 8

Involves the opening of the cervical canal to allow for the passage of the fetus
Process is measured in centimeters and progresses from a closed os (internal) to 10 cm (full dilation)

Question 9

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 9

Painful or difficult menstruation, either primary or secondary

Question 10

Dyspareunia

Answer 10

Painful sexual intercourse

Question 11

Dysuria

Answer 11

Painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of numerous conditions

Question 12

Effacement

Answer 12

Thinning of the cervix that results when myometrial activity pulls the cervix upwards, allowing the cervix to become part of the lower uterine segment during prelabor and early labor

Question 13

Endometriosis

Answer 13

Presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

Question 14

Hematuria

Answer 14

Blood in urine

Question 15

Hegar sign

Answer 15

Softening of the cervix that occurs in pregnancy at 6-8 weeks gestation

Question 16

Hydrocolpos

Answer 16

Distention of the vagina due to an accumulation of fluid caused by a congenital obstruction

Question 17

Hymen

Answer 17

Circular, crescentic, or fimbriated connective tissue membrane

Question 18

Menarche

Answer 18

First menstruation and initiation of cyclic menstrual function

Question 19

Menorrhagia

Answer 19

Excessive bleeding during a menstrual period that is longer in duration than usual

Question 20

Menometrorrhagia

Answer 20

Irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation and between menstrual periods

Question 21

Metrorrhagia

Answer 21

Menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged, but of expected amount

Question 22

Mittelschmerz

Answer 22

Lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation

Question 23

Myomas

Answer 23

Benign uterine tumors arising from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue of the uterus

Question 24

Oligomenorrhea

Answer 24

Infrequent menstruation

Question 25

Oliguria

Answer 25

Diminished amount of urine formation or scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500 mL in 24 hours); results in inefficient excretion of the products of metabolism

Question 26

Polyuria

Answer 26

Excessive excretion of urine The urine does not contain abnormal constituents Pale in color, several hundred ounces a day

Question 27

Rectocele

Answer 27

Protrusion or herniation of posterior vaginal wall with anterior wall of rectum through the vagina

Question 28

Salpingitis

Answer 28

Infection or inflammation of the fallopian tubes

Question 29

Skene ducts

Answer 29

Ducts that drain a group of urethral glands located on each side of the urethra opening into the vestibule

Question 30

Station

Answer 30

Relationship of the presenting part to the ischial spines of the mother's pelvis Measurement is determined by cm above and below the ischial spines and is recorded by plus and minus signs

Question 31

Urinary incontinence

Answer 31

Inability to retain urine

Question 32

Urinary incontinence: Stress

Answer 32

Leakage of urine due to increased intraabdominal pressure that can occur from coughing, laughing, exercise, or lifting heavy things

Question 33

Urinary incontinence: Urge

Answer 33

Inability to hold urine once the urge to void occurs Causes can be local genitourinary conditions, such as infection or tumor, or central nervous system disorders, such as stroke

Question 34

Urinary incontinence: Overflow

Answer 34

Mechanical dysfunction resulting from an over distended bladder Many causes: anatomic obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy and strictures; neurologic abnormalities that impair detrusor contractility, such as multiple sclerosis; spinal lesions

Question 35

Uterine prolapse

Answer 35

Uterus herniation into or beyond the vagina caused by a weakening in the supporting structures

Question 36

Vaginitis

Answer 36

Inflammation of the vagina

Question 37

Vulvovaginitis

Answer 37

Inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissues

Question 38

Chlamydia

Answer 38

Chlamydia trachomatis Yellow drainage from cervix; urethritis; can be asymptomatic Azithromycin or doxycycline PID and ectopic pregnancy more likely after multiple infections

Question 39

Bacterial vaginosis

Answer 39

Bacterial overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria Unpleasant odor; gray or white; thin discharge Metronidazole Clue cells are seen on wet mount

Question 40

Condyloma acuminata

Answer 40

Human papilloma virus Asymptomatic; pruritus; bleeding; burning; tenderness; if large, mass can interfere with defecation and intercourse Chemical or physical destruction, immunologic therapy, or surgical excision "Anogenital warts" HPV serotypes 16 & 18 = squamous cell cancer

Question 41

Gonorrhea

Answer 41

``` Neisseria gonorrhoeae Urethritis; yellowish cervical discharge Ceftriaxone IM injection with oral Azithromycin or Doxycycline "The Clap" Can spread to other areas of body ```

Question 42

Herpes

Answer 42

Herpes simplex virus 2 Fever, malaise, painful genital lesions, headache, dysuria Acyclovir or famciclovir (antivirals)

Question 43

HIV

Answer 43

Human immunodeficiency virus Fatigue, non-specific symptoms, recurrent infections, infections with typically benign organisms Antiretrovirals

Question 44

Syphilis

Answer 44

Treponema pallidum Three stages: Primary (painless cancer), secondary (gummas), tertiary (systemic) Penicillin Over last decade U.S. has seen increase in cases of this once rare STI

Question 45

Pyuria

Answer 45

Pus in the urine | Evidence of renal disease