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Clinical Medicine > Female Genitalia > Flashcards

Female Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence or suppression of menstruation

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2
Q

Bartholin glands

A

Located posteriorly on each side of vaginal orifice with openings onto sides of vestibule between labia minora and hymen

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3
Q

Chadwick sign

A

Bluish discoloration of cervix that normally occurs with pregnancy at 6-8 week’s duration

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4
Q

Climacteric

A

Term that describes period that marks cessation of woman’s reproductive period (female climacteric or menopause); a corresponding period of lessening sexual activity in the male (male climacteric)

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5
Q

Clitoris

A

Small bud of erectile tissue (homolog of penis) and a primary center of sexual excitement

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6
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending infections and involve associated organs (kidney, prostrate, urethra)

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7
Q

Cystocele

A

Bladder hernia, an injury to the vesicovaginal fascia during delivery may allow the bladder to pouch into the vagina causing a cystocele

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8
Q

Dilation

A

Involves the opening of the cervical canal to allow for the passage of the fetus
Process is measured in centimeters and progresses from a closed os (internal) to 10 cm (full dilation)

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9
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful or difficult menstruation, either primary or secondary

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10
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Painful sexual intercourse

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11
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of numerous conditions

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12
Q

Effacement

A

Thinning of the cervix that results when myometrial activity pulls the cervix upwards, allowing the cervix to become part of the lower uterine segment during prelabor and early labor

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13
Q

Endometriosis

A

Presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

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14
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in urine

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15
Q

Hegar sign

A

Softening of the cervix that occurs in pregnancy at 6-8 weeks gestation

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16
Q

Hydrocolpos

A

Distention of the vagina due to an accumulation of fluid caused by a congenital obstruction

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17
Q

Hymen

A

Circular, crescentic, or fimbriated connective tissue membrane

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18
Q

Menarche

A

First menstruation and initiation of cyclic menstrual function

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19
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessive bleeding during a menstrual period that is longer in duration than usual

20
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation and between menstrual periods

21
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged, but of expected amount

22
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

Lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation

23
Q

Myomas

A

Benign uterine tumors arising from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue of the uterus

24
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Infrequent menstruation

25
Q

Oliguria

A

Diminished amount of urine formation or scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500 mL in 24 hours); results in inefficient excretion of the products of metabolism

26
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive excretion of urine
The urine does not contain abnormal constituents
Pale in color, several hundred ounces a day

27
Q

Rectocele

A

Protrusion or herniation of posterior vaginal wall with anterior wall of rectum through the vagina

28
Q

Salpingitis

A

Infection or inflammation of the fallopian tubes

29
Q

Skene ducts

A

Ducts that drain a group of urethral glands located on each side of the urethra opening into the vestibule

30
Q

Station

A

Relationship of the presenting part to the ischial spines of the mother’s pelvis
Measurement is determined by cm above and below the ischial spines and is recorded by plus and minus signs

31
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

Inability to retain urine

32
Q

Urinary incontinence: Stress

A

Leakage of urine due to increased intraabdominal pressure that can occur from coughing, laughing, exercise, or lifting heavy things

33
Q

Urinary incontinence: Urge

A

Inability to hold urine once the urge to void occurs
Causes can be local genitourinary conditions, such as infection or tumor, or central nervous system disorders, such as stroke

34
Q

Urinary incontinence: Overflow

A

Mechanical dysfunction resulting from an over distended bladder
Many causes: anatomic obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy and strictures; neurologic abnormalities that impair detrusor contractility, such as multiple sclerosis; spinal lesions

35
Q

Uterine prolapse

A

Uterus herniation into or beyond the vagina caused by a weakening in the supporting structures

36
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina

37
Q

Vulvovaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissues

38
Q

Chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis
Yellow drainage from cervix; urethritis; can be asymptomatic
Azithromycin or doxycycline
PID and ectopic pregnancy more likely after multiple infections

39
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A

Bacterial overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria
Unpleasant odor; gray or white; thin discharge
Metronidazole
Clue cells are seen on wet mount

40
Q

Condyloma acuminata

A

Human papilloma virus
Asymptomatic; pruritus; bleeding; burning; tenderness; if large, mass can interfere with defecation and intercourse
Chemical or physical destruction, immunologic therapy, or surgical excision
“Anogenital warts”
HPV serotypes 16 & 18 = squamous cell cancer

41
Q

Gonorrhea

A 
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Urethritis; yellowish cervical discharge
Ceftriaxone IM injection with oral Azithromycin or Doxycycline
"The Clap"
Can spread to other areas of body
42
Q

Herpes

A

Herpes simplex virus 2
Fever, malaise, painful genital lesions, headache, dysuria
Acyclovir or famciclovir (antivirals)

43
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus
Fatigue, non-specific symptoms, recurrent infections, infections with typically benign organisms
Antiretrovirals

44
Q

Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum
Three stages: Primary (painless cancer), secondary (gummas), tertiary (systemic)
Penicillin
Over last decade U.S. has seen increase in cases of this once rare STI

45
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in the urine

Evidence of renal disease

Clinical Medicine (14 decks)

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