Female Genitalia Flashcards
Amenorrhea
Absence or suppression of menstruation
Bartholin glands
Located posteriorly on each side of vaginal orifice with openings onto sides of vestibule between labia minora and hymen
Chadwick sign
Bluish discoloration of cervix that normally occurs with pregnancy at 6-8 week’s duration
Climacteric
Term that describes period that marks cessation of woman’s reproductive period (female climacteric or menopause); a corresponding period of lessening sexual activity in the male (male climacteric)
Clitoris
Small bud of erectile tissue (homolog of penis) and a primary center of sexual excitement
Cystitis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending infections and involve associated organs (kidney, prostrate, urethra)
Cystocele
Bladder hernia, an injury to the vesicovaginal fascia during delivery may allow the bladder to pouch into the vagina causing a cystocele
Dilation
Involves the opening of the cervical canal to allow for the passage of the fetus
Process is measured in centimeters and progresses from a closed os (internal) to 10 cm (full dilation)
Dysmenorrhea
Painful or difficult menstruation, either primary or secondary
Dyspareunia
Painful sexual intercourse
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of numerous conditions
Effacement
Thinning of the cervix that results when myometrial activity pulls the cervix upwards, allowing the cervix to become part of the lower uterine segment during prelabor and early labor
Endometriosis
Presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
Hematuria
Blood in urine
Hegar sign
Softening of the cervix that occurs in pregnancy at 6-8 weeks gestation
Hydrocolpos
Distention of the vagina due to an accumulation of fluid caused by a congenital obstruction
Hymen
Circular, crescentic, or fimbriated connective tissue membrane
Menarche
First menstruation and initiation of cyclic menstrual function
Menorrhagia
Excessive bleeding during a menstrual period that is longer in duration than usual
Menometrorrhagia
Irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation and between menstrual periods
Metrorrhagia
Menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged, but of expected amount
Mittelschmerz
Lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation
Myomas
Benign uterine tumors arising from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue of the uterus
Oligomenorrhea
Infrequent menstruation
Oliguria
Diminished amount of urine formation or scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500 mL in 24 hours); results in inefficient excretion of the products of metabolism
Polyuria
Excessive excretion of urine
The urine does not contain abnormal constituents
Pale in color, several hundred ounces a day
Rectocele
Protrusion or herniation of posterior vaginal wall with anterior wall of rectum through the vagina
Salpingitis
Infection or inflammation of the fallopian tubes
Skene ducts
Ducts that drain a group of urethral glands located on each side of the urethra opening into the vestibule
Station
Relationship of the presenting part to the ischial spines of the mother’s pelvis
Measurement is determined by cm above and below the ischial spines and is recorded by plus and minus signs
Urinary incontinence
Inability to retain urine
Urinary incontinence: Stress
Leakage of urine due to increased intraabdominal pressure that can occur from coughing, laughing, exercise, or lifting heavy things
Urinary incontinence: Urge
Inability to hold urine once the urge to void occurs
Causes can be local genitourinary conditions, such as infection or tumor, or central nervous system disorders, such as stroke
Urinary incontinence: Overflow
Mechanical dysfunction resulting from an over distended bladder
Many causes: anatomic obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy and strictures; neurologic abnormalities that impair detrusor contractility, such as multiple sclerosis; spinal lesions
Uterine prolapse
Uterus herniation into or beyond the vagina caused by a weakening in the supporting structures
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina
Vulvovaginitis
Inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissues
Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
Yellow drainage from cervix; urethritis; can be asymptomatic
Azithromycin or doxycycline
PID and ectopic pregnancy more likely after multiple infections
Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria
Unpleasant odor; gray or white; thin discharge
Metronidazole
Clue cells are seen on wet mount
Condyloma acuminata
Human papilloma virus
Asymptomatic; pruritus; bleeding; burning; tenderness; if large, mass can interfere with defecation and intercourse
Chemical or physical destruction, immunologic therapy, or surgical excision
“Anogenital warts”
HPV serotypes 16 & 18 = squamous cell cancer
Gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Urethritis; yellowish cervical discharge Ceftriaxone IM injection with oral Azithromycin or Doxycycline "The Clap" Can spread to other areas of body
Herpes
Herpes simplex virus 2
Fever, malaise, painful genital lesions, headache, dysuria
Acyclovir or famciclovir (antivirals)
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Fatigue, non-specific symptoms, recurrent infections, infections with typically benign organisms
Antiretrovirals
Syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Three stages: Primary (painless cancer), secondary (gummas), tertiary (systemic)
Penicillin
Over last decade U.S. has seen increase in cases of this once rare STI
Pyuria
Pus in the urine
Evidence of renal disease
