Lymphatics and Edema

Question 1

Aneurysm

Answer 1

Balloon-like swelling of the wall of an artery, vein, or heart; generally the result of a congenital defect in the wall or degenerative disease or infection (Ex: atherosclerosis or syphilis); dissecting aneurysm is longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall from hemorrhage

Question 2

Ascites

Answer 2

Abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid

Question 3

Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Most common form of arteriosclerosis, deposits in the walls of arteries

Question 4

Brudzinski sign

Answer 4

Flexion of the hips when neck is flexed from a supine position; occurs in patients with meningeal inflammation

Question 5

Bruit

Answer 5

Unexplained audible swishing sound or murmur over an artery or vascular organ

Question 6

Cellulitis

Answer 6

Inflammation of soft or connective tissue that causes a watery exudate to spread through the tissue spaces

Question 7

Claudication

Answer 7

Condition resulting from muscle ischemia due to decreased arterial blood flow to an area, characterized by intermittent pain and limping

Question 8

Edema

Answer 8

Excessive accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities of the body

Question 9

Fluctuant

Answer 9

Wavelike motion felt when palpating a node

Question 10

Kernig’s sign

Answer 10

Sign of meningeal irritation evidenced by reflex contraction and pain in the hamstring muscles when attempting to extend the leg after flexing the hip

Question 11

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 11

Enlargement of the lymph nodes, typically to greater than 1.5 cm; the increased size is caused by activation and proliferation of lymphocytes and phagocytic white blood cells within the node or by invasion of the node by tumor

Question 12

Lymphangitis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the lymphatics that drain an area of infection which is often associated with tender erythematous streaks extending proximally from the infected area

Question 13

Lymphangioma

Answer 13

Congenital malformation of dilated lymphatics

Question 14

Lymphedema

Answer 14

Swelling, particularly of subcutaneous tissues, caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system and accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 15

Matted

Answer 15

Used to describe a group of nodes that feel connected and appear to move as a single unit

Question 16

Meningitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain, usually but not always caused by an infectious illness

Question 17

Nuchal rigidity

Answer 17

Resistance to flexion of the neck, seen in individuals with meningitis

Question 18

Pitting

Answer 18

Form of edema which appears as an indentation or depression that will not rapidly return to its original appearance

Question 19

Shotty nodes

Answer 19

Small, nontender nodes that feel like BBs or buckshot under the skin

Question 20

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of the wall of a vein associated with thrombus formation

Question 21

Thrombosis

Answer 21

Formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel or within one of the cavities of the heart

Question 22

Varicose vein

Answer 22

An enlarged, dilated, superficial vein; may occur in almost any part of the body but is most common in the lower extremities and the esophagus

Question 23

Pitting Edema 1+

Answer 23

Slight, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly

2 mm

Question 24

Pitting Edema 2+

Answer 24

A little deeper pit, no real detectible distortion, disappears in 10-15 seconds
4 mm

Question 25

Pitting Edema 3+

Answer 25

Noticeable deep pit, lasts more than a minute, noticeable dependent swelling or fullness
6 mm

Question 26

Pitting Edema 4+

Answer 26

A very deep pit, lasts 2-5 minutes, dependent gross distortion
8 mm

Question 27

Nodes: hard and discrete

Answer 27

Think malignancy

Question 28

Nodes: rapid enlargement and no signs of inflammation

Answer 28

Think malignancy

Question 29

Nodes: slow enlargement over weeks or months

Answer 29

Think benign

Question 30

Nodes: tender

Answer 30

Think inflammatory

Question 31

Nodes: pulsatile

Answer 31

Think artery, nodes do not pulsate

Question 32

Nodes: enlarged left sided supraclavicular node

Answer 32

Think thoracic or abdominal malignancy

Question 33

Occipital

Answer 33

Base of skull

Question 34

Posterior auricular

Answer 34

Over mastoid process

Question 35

Preauricular

Answer 35

In front of ear

Question 36

Tonsillar (Parotid)

Answer 36

Angle of mandible

Question 37

Submandibular

Answer 37

Halfway between angle of mandible and chin, on inferior border of jawline

Question 38

Submental

Answer 38

Midline behind tip of mandible (chin)

Question 39

Anterior cervical

Answer 39

Front of sternocleidomastoid

Question 40

Posterior cervical

Answer 40

Two chains: posterior superficial cervical and posterior cervical spinal nerve chain
Located anterior border of trapezius and deep to sternocleidomastoid

Question 41

Supraclavicular (Virchow nodes)

Answer 41

Angle formed by clavicle and sternocleidomastoid

Question 42

Axillary

Answer 42

Pentagonal structure: pectoral muscles anteriorly, back muscles posteriorly (latissimus dorsi and subscapularis), rib cage medially, upper arm laterally, axilla at apex

Question 43

Epitrochlear

Answer 43

Proximal and posterior to medial condyle of humerus

Question 44

Superior superficial inguinal (femoral)

Answer 44

Close to surface, just over inguinal canal

Question 45

Inferior superficial inguinal

Answer 45

Deeper in groin compared to superior superficial inguinal

Question 46

Popliteal

Answer 46

Posterior fossa of knee; flex and relax knee to find