Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 5 (Pediatrics) > Skin Dysfunction > Flashcards

Skin Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A

Inflammatory reaction of the skin after contact with an irritant or allergen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes contact dermatitis?

A

allergic or irritant with sensitivity to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Irritant causes inflammation or contact dermatitis to

A

everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Allergen causes inflammation or contact dermatitis to

A

specific individual sensitive to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diaper Dermatitis Tx
- ointments?

A

Changing diaper ASAP
- Expose the bottom to air
Apply zincoxide,petroleum ointment, or Desitin
Wipes free of parabens
do not need to clean the cream off when changing bc you can layer over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are cornstarch powders like Talcum be avoided with diaper dermatitis?

A

not ingested and cause respiratory distressed
- are safe when applied to your hand and bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contact Dermatitis Tx

A

isolate the cause, limit exposure, and rinse area
Topical (small)
- Corticosteroids (Hydrocortisone)
- Lotions (Calamine)
PO (large like fabric)
- antihistamines (Benadryl)
- Steroids
Skin patch testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the topical agents used for contact dermatitis and when do you use it?

A

small spots
- Corticosteroids (Hydrocortisone)
- Lotions (Calamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the oral agents used for contact dermatitis and when do you use it?

A

Large like fabric
- antihistamines (Benadryl)
- Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atopic dermatitis =

A

eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eczema is

A

chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Atopic dermatitis results of/Associated with

A

of genetic factors, environmental agents (allergies or irritants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atopic dermatitis risk factors

A

family history of eczema,asthma, food allergies
(genetic link possible)
- auoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atopic dermatitis involvement (asymmetrical or symmetrical)

A

symmetrical on both location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Difference between contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis?

A

Location and symmetry
CD = asymmetrical and anywhere
ad = SYMMETRICAL AND SPECIFIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atopic dermatitis S/S

A

severe pruritis (itching)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atopic dermatitis Infant typical sites

A

face, inside the elbows, and behind the knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atopic dermatitis in older children’s typical sites

A

antecubital and popliteal area, neck, wrists and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Atopic dermatitis adolescents look like

A

Lichenification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lichenification

A

leathery skin due to relapse over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atopic dermatitis Tx

A

hydrate (tepid or colloid)
- emollient application immediately after bath
relieve itching
reduce inflammation
prevent/control secondary infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tepid means

A

slightly cooler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Colloid

A

adding oatmeal or bran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pattern to take care of eczema skin

A

tepid or colloid bath
Pat dry no rubbing
emollient skin immediately after (neurtogena, Aquaphor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Relieve itching of Atopic dermatitis by

A

Colloid bath, cool wet compresses, topical corticosteroids, oral antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Reducing inflammation of Atopic dermatitis

A

Topical corticosteroids
Non-steroidal immunomodulator creams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How to prevent secondary infections of Atopic dermatitis

A

short/clean nails
soft cotton clothes not wool
antibiotics if an infection does occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

sebum exposed
- chronic, recurrent, inflammatory reaction of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis is most common in

A

early infancy and adolescents
cradle cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis locations

A

Eyelids (oily gloss)
External canal
Vasolabial folds
Inguinal region
Scalp - cradle cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis looks like

A

thick
yellow
scaly and oily patch
- possible itching (irritable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis Tx

A

Shampoo twice a day
- allow to sit for crusts to soften
- rinse
- fine tooth comb/soft brush to remove crusts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Impetigo is caused by

A

bacterial skin infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Impetigo is caused by what bacterial contagions?

A

Staph aureus
Strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a highly contagious bacterial infection most common on the face?

A

Impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Impetigo is commonly seen on the

A

face, around mouth → spreads peripherally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Impetigo is spread by _______ contact

A

direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Impetigo Primary at

A

site
bite
infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

If impetigo is itchy and caused by strep, it can lead to

A

glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Impetigo Post-Op care

A

no daycare or school
HAND WASHING before and after touching infected areas,
separate child clothes and linens,
short and clean nails,
warm washing of cloths
gently remove the crust and debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Impetigo Tx

A

Antibiotics (topical)
- Mupirocin (Bactro-van)
- Penicillin for systemic
Gentle cleansing of crusted areas
Don’t rupture the blisters – spread infection and increase secondary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Impetigo ruptures should not be ruptured because

A

spread infection and increase secondary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Impetigo is highly communicable for ___________ after antibiotics.

A

24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Impetigo Nursing Interventions

A

Institute strict contact precautions

Strict hygiene practices – hand washing

Educate family and visitors on necessary precautions to prevent the spread of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Cellulitis is caused by what bacteria

A

Staph
Strep*
H. influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Cellulitis S/S

A

Inflammation with intense redness
Pain
Swelling and firm infiltration
Warm to touch
Lymphangitis “ streaking” - common
Possible systemic effects (fever, malaise)
Swollen regional lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Is cellulitis contagious?

A

no, deeper layers of the skin
- caused by in open skin like IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Cellulitis is what type of infection?
- and who can be affected?

A

opportunistic (not contagious)
- area od broken skin
- immunocompromised/diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Cellulitis Tx

A

Antibiotics
Oral - Choice
Elevation, immobilization
Pain relievers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Type 1 Herpes Simplex

A

Cold sore/fever blister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Type 2 Herpes Simplex

A

Genital/sexually transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Varicella skin lesions are

A

(pruritic rash – itchy
papules and vesicles
Weeping
Crust over within 7 days (no longer contagious)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Varicella s/s systemic

A

fever
malaise
contagious 1-2 days before rash to crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Varicella isolation

A

airborne and contact
- skin to skin or respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Varicella Tx

A
  • stop the itch (apply topical diphenhydramine cream
  • acetaminophen (no aspirin = reye syndrome risk
  • Immunocompromised (Acyclovir – antiviral)
  • No longer infectious after lesions crust over
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

T1 Herpes Simplex once exposed to it then it is

A

always present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Herpes Simplex Triggers

A
58
Q

Herpes Simplex S/S

A

Tingling, numbness, burning, itching
Small erythematous, tender area  clusters of blisters
Blisters begin to dry  yellow crusting
Healing occurs in 8-10 days

59
Q

Herpes Simplex HEALS after

A

8-10 days

60
Q

Herpes Simplex Tx

A

control outbreaks
Antivirals
- Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
Pain relievers

61
Q

Herpes is what type of infection

A

viral

62
Q

Dermatophytoses- Tinea aka

A

Ringworms

63
Q

Dermatophytoses- Tinea is what type of infection

A

fungal

64
Q

Dermatophytoses- Tinea (Ringworms) live where

A

lives on
- not in the skin or nails

65
Q

Tinea capitis is located where

A

Ringworms on the head

66
Q

Tinea capitis is transmitted by

A

person to person
animal to person

67
Q

Tinea capitis Tx

A

Oral antifungals
Grisiofulvinor terbinafine

Selenium sulfide shampoo
- twice a week
- Severe drying and smell

68
Q

Tinea capitis Tx should be used for how long

A

Griseofulvin and selenium sulfide shampoo for 2 weeks

69
Q

Tinea capitis lookslike

A

Lesions of the scalp and hair falls out temporary

70
Q

If tinea capitis is untreated then

A

go deeper and cause kerion and scar

71
Q

Griseofulvin needs to be taken with

A

high-fat foods for better absorption and less GI upset
- same time

72
Q

Selenium sulfide shampoo

A

applied for 5-10 minutes 2-3 times per week
- severe drying and smell

73
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Ringworm of the body, skin, nails

74
Q

Tinea corporis tranmisson

A

infected pet
human, soil, or fomite

75
Q

Tinea corporis looks like

A

Small lesion and larger with a clear center and ring appearance
- leaves scaly patch

76
Q

Tinea corporis Tx

A

Griseofulvin only

77
Q

Tinea cruris aka

A

Jock Itch

78
Q

Tinea cruris s/s and location

A

Pruritic
Medial proximal aspect of thigh/cruralfold (may involve scrotum in males)

79
Q

Tinea cruris Tx

A

local application of antifungal creams

80
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Athlete’s foot
- Ringworm

81
Q

Tinea pedis s/s and location

A

Pruritis
Lesions on plantar surface of foot,between toes

82
Q

Tinea pedis Tx

A

Local application of antifungal creams
Oral antifungals
Soaks with Burrow solution (water with aluminim acitate)

83
Q

Tinea pedis common areas to get

A

Fungus grows in moist areas
- Locker room, swimming pools, and showers

84
Q

Tinea pedis Teachings

A

don’t share, well-ventilated shoes, light socks,

85
Q

Lyme disease is caused by

A

tick infected with Borrelia burgdorferi

86
Q

Prevention of Lyme Disease

A

wear repellent
check daily
shower after outdoors
HCP if fever or rash

87
Q

Erythema Migrans

A

bullseye rash in Lyme disease

88
Q

S/S of Lyme Disease

A

rash (bullseye)
fatigue
swollen joints
LOC decline
fever with HA
SENSITIVE TO LIGHT AND DARK
no sleep and night sweats
neuro
skin outbreaks
heart prob
mood swings

89
Q

Lyme disease can develop how long after the tick bite

A

3-30 days

90
Q

If Lyme disease is left untreated

A

bacteria migrate to the nervous, heart and joint systems

91
Q

With Lyme disease what does the tick do?

A

attaches and buries head in the skin
- module at the site

92
Q

When removing the tick from the skin,

A

get the body AND HEAD out of the skin

93
Q

If Lyme disease is suspected o confirmed by lab test, then

A

single dose antibiotics

94
Q

What antibiotic is used for children over 8 with Lyme Disease?

A

Doxycycline

95
Q

What antibiotic is used for children under 8 with Lyme Disease?

A

Amoxicillin or Cefuroxime

96
Q

What lab test is run for Lyme Disease?

A
97
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei aka

A

Scabies
- skin infestation with microscopic mite

98
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei is spread by

A

direct prolonged 6contact with the infected person

99
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei can live how long inside of a person

A

1-2 months

100
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei can live how long outside of a person?

A

48-72 hours

101
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei does what to the skin

A

burrows into the skin and lays eggs
- makes a trail

102
Q

In Sarcoptes scabiei, how long until the s/s appear?

A

30-60 days
- everyone in contact with them between that time will need to be tested

103
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei s/s

A

Burrow tracks
Severe pruritis
Small, lesions develop into blisters
Usually on hands, wrists, feet or ankles

104
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei Tx and who?

A
  • Whole family and anyone with contact
    Scabicide - Permethrin (Elimite)**
    Treat personal items
    Lotions
    Topical steroid for itch
    Antibiotics- secondary infections
105
Q

Permethrin (Elimite)** needs to be applied

A

from neck down to toes in skin folds and nails
- left on 8-14 hours (bedtime with bath in the morning to remove)

106
Q

Sarcoptes scabei personal items

A

Vacuum everything furniture wise
All clothes and bedding need to be washed in hot water (BURN)
Conceal in plastic bag for 2 weeks to suffocate

107
Q

Pediculosis capitus aka

A

head lice

108
Q

Pediculosis capitus is what type of infection

A

parasitic

109
Q

Pediculosis capitus common in

A

school-aged children

110
Q

Pediculosis capitus transmission

A

person to person
object to person
NOT ANIMALS

111
Q

Do Pediculosis capitus jump or fly?

A

no

112
Q

Pediculosis capitus look like

A

dandruff but does not move
Small, grayish-tan, wingless insect
Visible
Use claws to hold to the hair shaft

113
Q

Pediculosis capitus can live up to how long away from humans

A

2 days

114
Q

What is the life span of a female head lice

A

1 month

115
Q

Nymphs and eggs of head lice look like _________ and feed off of

A

white grayish specks and feed off the blood of scalp

116
Q

Pediculosis capitus s/s

A

red lesions and constant scratching
- caused by crawling and saliva

117
Q

Pediculosis capitus Tx

A

Daily Medicated shampoo (Nix)with mechanical removal with lice combs
- wash all linens
- vacuum dry clean non-laundry items
- seal in a plastic bag for 2 weeks
repeat Tx every 7 days
- antibiotics for secondary infection

118
Q

Pediculosis capitus students are

A

Go home at the end of the day and only return after the treatment with sign

119
Q

Acne vulgaris is a common skin problem of

A

adolsecence

120
Q

Acne vulgaris has a link with

A

genetic

121
Q

Acne vulgaris is an overgrowth of

A

P. acnes

122
Q

Acne vulgaris formation

A

Comedone
- open (white)
- closed (black)

123
Q

Acne vulgaris causes

A

Hormones, cosmetics, exposure to oils, possible link to dairy

124
Q

Acne vulgaris Tx

A

General health promotion
Gentle cleansing, hair and scalp hygiene
Oil-free make-up
Keep your hands off!!
Lotions/creams
Medications

125
Q

What medications are used for Acne vulgaris?

A

Retinoids – 1st (Retinae)
Topical Antibacterial Agent
Systemic Antibiotics
Oral Contraceptives
- Reduce antigen production and ability of sebum oil

126
Q

If using topical creams, educate to avoid

A

sun or use sun screen
- Photosensitivity

127
Q

In Burns, what guides Tx?

A

extent (TBSA)
- Rule of Nine an lund Browder
depth
- 1st - 4th degree
Severity
- TBSA %
- Location
- Child’s age
- Health

128
Q

Causes of burns

A

thermal (extreme heat, cold)
chemical
electrical
radioactive
Accidental
Intentional

129
Q

Accidental burns types

A

inadequate supervision
curiosity
inability to escape burning agent

130
Q

Rule of Nine in Infants

A

9% on each part
Front of head and Back of head = 18%
same with thoracic and lumbar both fully = 18% on both sides
Both arms = 9% each
Both legs = 14% each - chubs
the [palm and groin = 1% each

131
Q

Rule of Nines difference for others

A

Head = 9
Front and Back = 18% each
Arms = 9 each
Leg = 18 each
palm and groin = 1%

132
Q

1st degree Burn

A

superficial
-destruction of the epidermis only (Sensory intact) – bad sunburn

133
Q

2nd degree Burn

A

partial thickness
-destruction of the epidermis and some of the dermis (blisters within minutes and sensory intact)
– boiling water (red and moist looking)

134
Q

3rd degree Burn

A

full-thickness
- destruction of epidermis, dermis and underlying SQ tissue
(charry black look, visible veins) – feel no sensory or pain

135
Q

4th degree Burn

A

full-thickness
burned through the epidermis, dermis, sub Q, and involves the fascia , muscle, and bone - feel no sensory or pain

136
Q

At what degree of burn do you not have sensory intact feeling?

A

3rd

137
Q

With burn patients they are at risk for

A

sepsis
shock

138
Q

Care of Minor Burns
Soothe with and vaccine?

A

Apply cold compress/cold rinse
Analgesia - pain
Cleanse with soap/water – avoid friction
Tetanus – wound by bacterial toxin
Antimicrobial ointment
Loose clothing
Sunburn – apply moisturizer

139
Q

Care of Moderate and Severe Burns

A

1stMaintain airway, Oxygen
Large bore IV fluids
Observe closely for s/s shock
Pain mgmt
Wound care/Escharotomy
Nutritional support
Skin and musculoskeletal care
Emotional/psychosocial support

140
Q

Atraumatic Care for Burn Care

A
  • Have all materials ready before beginning the procedure.
  • Administer appropriate analgesics and sedatives.
  • Remind the child of the impending procedure to allow sufficient time to prepare.
  • Allow the child to test and approve the temperature of the water.
  • Allow the child to select the area of the body on which to begin.
  • Allow the child to request a short rest period during the procedure.
  • Allow the child to remove the dressings if desired
  • Provide something constructive for the child to do during the procedure (e.g., holding a package
    of dressings or a roll of gauze).
  • Inform the child when the procedure is near completion.
  • Praise the child for cooperation

Module 5 (Pediatrics) (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions