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Module 5 (Pediatrics) > G&D Theorists > Flashcards

G&D Theorists Flashcards

1
Q

Erikson is what type of theorist?

A

psychosocial

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2
Q

Which theorist does this represent?
Success in a crisis involves a balance of the positive and negative traits

A

Erikson’s psychosocial

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3
Q

Piaget is what type of theorist?

A

cognitive

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4
Q

What theorist does this represent?
development of intellect and knowledge of the environment gained through the senses

A

Piaget’s cognitive
milestones

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5
Q

Freud is what type of theorist?

A

psychosexual

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6
Q

This theory defines the sexual energy of the id as it takes different forms as a child matures.

A

Freud’s psychosexual

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7
Q

ID

A

the unconscious part of yourself
“ You want to go out with your fiends! Don’t study!”

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8
Q

Superego

A

conscious
“You must study all night or you won’t pass the test!”

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9
Q

Ego

A

balance between the id and superego
“Balance! Study now and after you do well on the test you can spend time with friends.”

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10
Q

Kohlberg is what type of theorists?

A

Moral development

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11
Q

This theory involves the acceptance of the rules and morals of society to shape behaviors.

A

Kohlberg’s Morals

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12
Q

What morals are involved in Kohlberg’s Pre-conventional level?

A

Avoiding Punishment
Self-interest

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13
Q

What morals are involved in Kohlberg’s conventional level?

A

Good boy/girl Attitude
Law and Order Morality

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14
Q

What morals are involved in Kohlberg’s Post-conventional level?

A

Social contract
Principle

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15
Q

Infants age

A

birth to 1 year

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16
Q

Theories involved in Infancy

A

Erikson: Trust vs Mistrust
Freud: Oral
Piaget: Sensorimotor stage 1-4

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17
Q

Trust vs Mistrust is explored in what age group?

A

Infants (birth to 12 months)

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18
Q

Trust vs Mistrust

A

“The Sense That There Is Some Correspondence Between Your Needs And Your World.”
Food, warmth, and touch stimulation
If not met, then develop mistrust
Narcissism

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19
Q

Narcissism

A

egocentrism
total concern for one’s self

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20
Q

Mistrust can develop

A

when the infant’s needs are not met
AND
the parent meets the needs before the infant expresses them do to not allowed to express themselves (Constant and rigorous schedule)

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21
Q

Crucial Elements of Trust vs Mistrust

A

Quality Of The Caregiver/ Child Relationship
Consistency of Care

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22
Q

What psychosexual stage occurs in infancy?

A

Oral

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23
Q

Oral Stage

A

Birth to 1 year
source of pleasure-seeking
sucking, biting, chewing, and vocalizing

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24
Q

Freud significance

A

development of personality
psychological

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25
Q

NONnutritive sucking

A

not satisfied by feeding - pleasure to sucking
fingers, pacifiers

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26
Q

If you are taking care of an infant, who is NPo what do you do to soothe them?

A

NONnutritive
oral phase
pacifiers, gloved finger, sweet-ease

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27
Q

Pacifiers include

A

Sturdy, One-Piece Construction
No Detachable Ribbon Or String
2 Ventilating Holes
Handle

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28
Q

Sensorimotor Period

A

birth to 24 months
Through senses and actions, the infant understands the world
Progress from reflex to repetitive acts to initiate activity to imitation

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29
Q

What stages of sensorimotor are in infancy?

A

1) Reflexes
2) Primary circular reactions
3) Secondary circular reactions
4) Coordination of secondary reactions

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30
Q

Sensorimotor behavior pattern

A

reflex to repetitive to imitation
action plan with the environment

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31
Q

What are the crucial events of sensorimotor?

A

separation
object permanence
symbols and mental representation

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32
Q

Object permanence

A

objects don’t exist once they leave their field of vision

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33
Q

Symbols/mental representation

A

reproduce/repeat a previous action later on

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34
Q

Circular reaction

A

action that is repeated over and over

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35
Q

Primary

A

centered on or around the infant’s body

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36
Q

Secondary

A

orientation to the environment

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37
Q

When does the 1st stage (reflexes) occur in sensorimotor infancy?

A

birth to 1 month

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38
Q

When does the 2nd stage (primary circular) occur in sensorimotor infancy?

A

1-4 months

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39
Q

When does the 3rd stage (secondary circular) occur in sensorimotor infancy?

A

4-8 months

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40
Q

When does the 4th stage (coordination of secondary) occur in sensorimotor infancy?

A

8-12 months

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41
Q

Stage 1 Sensorimotor

A

Reflexes
sucking, rooting, grasping, crying

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42
Q

Stage 2 Sensorimotor

A

Primary circular reactions
centered around body
beginning to replace reflexive behavior with voluntary actions

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43
Q

Stage 3 Sensorimotor

A

secondary circular reactions
greater awareness of the environment
6 - months: Imitation, increased affect, and object permanence

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44
Q

About 6 months what happens in the stage 3 sensorimotor

A

imitation - wave
increased affect - hear and recognize sound
object permanence

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45
Q

Stage 4 Sensorimotor

A

coordination of secondary
begin intellectual reasoning
anticipate events
begin to associate symbols and events
bye bye means leaving

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46
Q

Separation anxiety is the combination of

A

beginning awareness that mother and self are separate beings
+
object permanence

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47
Q

Stranger Anxiety develops

A

6-8 months

48
Q

Stranger Anxiety is

A

infant becomes too attached to one person and less friendly to others
object permanence
reemerging during toddler period

49
Q

HOw can a nurse help ease the child when they are 6-8 months old and have stranger anxiety?

A

talk softly
maintain good distance
avoid sudden and intrusive behaviors
transition object

50
Q

Toddler theories

A

Erickson: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Freud: Anal Stage
Piaget: Sensorimotor stages 4-5 to preoperational period

51
Q

Autonomy vs Same and Doubt

A

develop a sense of control
**process of “holding on and letting go”

52
Q

Clash of wills

A

process of “holding on and letting g

53
Q

Toddlers show autonomy vs shame and doubt though

A

wanting to something one day then not doing it the next because they don’t want to

54
Q

During the Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt, what does the child show

A

choices and preferences
picky eaters

55
Q

If they obtain the autonomy task, then they are able to

A

self-control
will power

56
Q

If they fail to obtain the autonomy they experience

A

shame and doubt
with poor tolerance to frustration

57
Q

How do you take care of a toddler in the hospital setting, when they are growing through a sense of control?

A

Give choices

58
Q

What are the critical effects of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?

A

Negativism (NO ME DO)
Ritualism (routine and sameness)
Transitional Object

59
Q

Anal Phase consists of when?

A

1-3 years

60
Q

What is the major event of the anal stage?

A

toilet training

61
Q

In 12-18 months what physiological event occurs for the toddler to start toilet training?

A

myelination of the spinal cord is complete
needs to be completed before the toddler can have voluntary stimulation to the bowel and anal sphincter

62
Q

In 12-18 months what psychological event occurs for the toddler to start toilet training?

A

willing and want to please their parents
not wanting to be wet or dirty

63
Q

What are some signs the toddler is ready to start toilet training?

A

waking up dry from a nap or overnightsleep
being aware of the urge to void or stool
communicating need to go
being dry for at least 2 hours duringthe day

64
Q

Stage 5 sensorimotor

A

“little scientists”
aware of causal relations
cannot transfer knowledge to new situations
increase ability to venture away from parents
awareness of behind doors

65
Q

When does the 5th stage (tertiary circular) occur in toddlers?

A

12-18 months

66
Q

Stage 6 sensorimotor

A

Imitation/Domestic mimicry
Can Use Mental Images To Represent Objects
Problem Solving In Their Mind
Some Sense Of Timing – timeouts 1 min per year of age

67
Q

When does the 6th stage (inventions of new means) occur in toddlers?

A

19-24 months

68
Q

A pre-operational period occurs when?

A

2-7 years

69
Q

Pre-operational period involves

A

problem solving based on what the child sees and hears (add on to known)
think and reason at a primitive/immature level
difficulty telling reality from fantasy

70
Q

Pre-operational toddlers critical events

A

Egocentrism
Animism
Magical Thought
Irreversibility
Centration

71
Q

Egocentrism

A

views everything in relation to self

72
Q

Animism

A

giving life-like or human qualities to animals and inert objects

73
Q

Magical Thought

A

wishing makes it so

74
Q

Irreversibility

A

cannot undo

75
Q

Centration

A

focuses on one aspect of a situation

76
Q

Preschool-age theorists

A

Erikson: Initiative vs. Guilt
Freud: Phallic Stage
Piaget: Preoperational Period
Kohlberg: Punishment & Obedience/Instrumental Relativist

77
Q

Initiative vs Guilt

A

live to the fullest
stage of energetic learning
start projects but don’t finish them, intrusive with mouth and bodies

78
Q

If the preschooler obtains the initiative task, what happens?

A

sense of purpose
self-confidence
delf-direction

79
Q

If the preschooler obtains the guilt task instead of the initiative, what happens?

A

fear of punioshment and guilt

80
Q

In infancy, if needs are not met or not allowed to express those needs, what might the infant develop?

A

Mistrust

81
Q

Phallic stage

A

recognize difference between sexes
Oedipus and Electra Complexes
“Where do babies come from?”

82
Q

Oedipus and Electra Complex

A

little boy loves mother
little girl loves father
with competition of the same sex parent for love of the other

83
Q

preschoolers remain in the

A

preoperational period
Egocentrism
Animism
Magical Thought
Irreversibility
Centration
difficulty reality from fantasy

84
Q

Difficulty telling Reality from Fantasy

A

immature logic
fear of body mutilation (poor understanding of the body)
adult induced fears
other fears (monsters and the dark)

85
Q

Kohlberg’s Punishment and Obedience Orientation

A

2-4 y/o
action is good or bad depending on the outcome from reward to punishment

86
Q

Kohlberg’s Instrumental Relativist Orientation

A

4-7 y/o
actions directed towards needs and not the needs of others
fair exchange not on loyalty, justice, or gratitude
Egocentristic
“What’s in it for me?”

87
Q

School-Age Child theories

A

Erikson: Industry vs Inferiority
Freud: Latency Period
Piaget: Preoperational to Concrete
Kohlberg: Good Boy, Nice Girl/Law and Order

88
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

A

Child Desires Real Achievement
-Self-Esteem Tied To Sense Of Industry
Attitude Toward Work Develops for mastery
All children feel some degree of inferiority regarding skills they cannot master

89
Q

Industry vs Inferiority task completion

A

Industry, competence, and self-confidence

90
Q

Industry vs Inferiority failure to resolve task

A

Feelings of inferiority and fears that one cannot meet theexpectations of others

91
Q

Latency Period

A

relations centered around the same-sex peers

92
Q

Latency period invested in

A

Building On Existing Skills
Acquiring Knowledge
Vigorous Play

93
Q

Latency period is the_______ before the storm

A

calm (tranquility)

94
Q

School-aged children ages

A

6-puberty

95
Q

Pre-operational period ends at

A

7 y/o

96
Q

Preoperational period to concrete period

A

Shift from total egocentric thought to social awareness and the ability to consider other viewpoints

97
Q

Concrete Operational Period

A

7-11 y/o
egocentristic to objective
classification and logic easily
conservation = reversibility
Collecting of objects

98
Q

Conservation

A

test a child’s ability to see that some properties are conserved or invariant after an object undergoes physical transformation

99
Q

Concrete Operational Period

A

conservation = reversibility
Collecting of objects
adjustment to school (expands from fam to larger society)
humor
skeptical
learn parents are not fallible

100
Q

Kohlberg’s School-age child 7-10 y/o

A

Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation
Living up to expectations

101
Q

10 Years-Old from Kohlber’s theories

A

understand the intent of actions

102
Q

Kohlber’s school aged child 10-12 y/o

A

law and order orientation
- consider society as a whole when making judgments

  • Focus on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty and respecting authority
103
Q

Adolescence theorists

A

Erikson: Identity vs Role Confusion
Freud: Genital Stage
Piaget: Formal Operational Thought
Kohlberg: Principled Moral Reasoning/Ethics

104
Q

Identity vs Role Confusion

A

Who Am I and Where am I Going?

New Emotions, Body, Thoughts
New Sense Of Identity
Group identity
Individual identity
Sex-Role identity
Key is interaction with others/relationships

105
Q

Identity versus Role Confusion Task

A

Identity formation and a sense of self as an individual

106
Q

Identity versus Role Confusion failure to resolve task

A

Role confusion, lowered self-esteem, and a poor self-concept

107
Q

Genital Stage

A

Maturation of the reproductive system
like and dislike in people
Energies invested in forming friendships and preparing for marriage

108
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational Thought

A

Ability To Consider

Abstract Ideas

Various Possibilities

The Future

109
Q

Adolescence ages

A

puberty to 20

110
Q

Piaget’s concepts of self

A

Adolescent Egocentrism (extreme periods of self-absorption)

Imaginary Audience

Personal Fable

111
Q

Imaginary audience

A

Imagines Everyone Is Focused OnHis/HerBehavior And Appearance
“everybody will notice”

112
Q

Personal Fables

A

Belief That One’s Feelings And Experiences Are Completely Unique
‘you just don’t understand”, “other people can get STD’s, but not me” pregnant, MVA

113
Q

Kohlber’s adolescent stages 13+

A

Principled Moral Reasoning

Aware that others hold values and opinions

Values and rules are relative to the group of which they associate

Self-chosen ethical principles into adulthood

114
Q

Freud’s Mnemonic involved in age groups

A

Old Aged People like Gelatin
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

115
Q

Piaget’s Mnemonic

A

Some Pigs Can Fly
Sensorimotor (infancy to toddlers)
Preop (toddlers to preschool)
Concrete (school age)
Formal Op. (adolescent)

116
Q

Erickson’s mnemonic

A

Trust all girls in red
Trust vs Mistrust (infancy)
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (toddlers)
Initiative vs Guilt (preschool)
Industry vs Inferiority (school age)
Identity vs Role Confusion (adolescent)

Module 5 (Pediatrics) (27 decks)

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