Nutrition/Language/Sleep/Play/Injury Prevention Flashcards
Infats in the 1st 6 months for nutrition are on a
on-demand schedule
- establish feeding schedule
feed until satisfied by pulling away
easy temperament babies may need a more planned schedule
What is the optimal choice for 1st 6 months babies?
Breastmilk
What is the acceptable alternative for 1st 6 months babies?
Formula
What are the benefits of breastfeeding?
- Antibodies produced by mom to pass to baby
- personalized to the baby through milk production
- always available
- bonding and helps mom with depression
- economic
- low breast CA in mothers who have breastfed
- help decrease risks of obesity, specific allergies, DM, heart diseases
WHO promotes what time of newborn feedings throughout the world
breastfeeding
What are some keys to breastfeeding success?
Frequent and early
Skin-to-skin contact
Within 1st hour of life
1st milk – colostrum = rich in antibodies, Vitamin K, and proteins??
Transitions to breast milk and goes into fatty
Careful of diet and meds
Education and support
What is the nurse’s role in promoting breastfeeding?
Hydration, proper diet, lactation specialists, correct technique of latching, positioning for the baby with pillows and side-lying, no rigid feeding schedule
The 1st milk for the baby is known as the
colostrum
The colostrum is rich in
antibodies, Vit K, and proteins
Bottle feeding
Side-lying position as newborns esp. premes
Burp with steady pats while supporting the chin downward
Not too comfortable to fall asleep but okay
demand feedings vs scheduled
Swaddle, nipples with sizes
Prep formula with proper mixing
Stress could cause struggling
Coughing and choking needs to be stopped and start again
Whole milk can be given to the baby when
not until the end of the 1st year
deficient in components needed for optimal growth
Skim and low fat milk if parents prefer can be used when
at the end of the 2nd year
Why is skim and whole milk not used during the baby’s first year of life?
need essential fat for neurodevelopment
When can the baby have solid foods?
4-6 months
4 months = acceptable if the baby is hungry constantly
6 months best because the GI system is complete and ready for real food
What is the order of solid foods a baby can have?
Iron-fortified cereal (rice)
veggies
fruits
meat
eggs and cheese
The baby can have eggs and cheese when?
12 months
You need to introduce the new food for how long?
4-7 days
because of allergy possibilities
Extrusion reflex
the tongue pushes food out
Honey should not be given to babies for what reason
botulism
The extrusion reflex goes away after
6 months
During the 3rd trimester the unborn baby stores iron in the
liver
At the end of 4 months the breast feeding mother should give what to the child
iron supplements
bc the mothers iron stores are depleted in breast milk at 4 months
Iron supplemets are given 1 mg per
kg
When is the greater absorption of iron (best time to give )?
between meals
Caution the parents when you administer iron to the baby that these things will occur
stain teeth
stool will turn tarry with green or black
Iron supplements will be administered by a
dropper in side of the cheek for PO
Infants who are partially or not breastfed should receive iron-fortified formula from
birth to 12 months
Toddler Nutrition
physiologic anorexia
food jags
“Quality over Quantity”
No more than 1 quart of milk per day
lead to dietary deficiencies
Parents should always offer nutritious food over
junk food
“Quality over quantity”
Preschool Nutrition
3-4 y/o - cont to see food jags
strong taste preference
5 - social aspects of eating
5-6 try new foods if encouraged with prep
School-age Nutrition
qualioty of diet depends on family’s pattern of eating
high cal junk DOES NOT PROMOTE GROWTH
nutrition education
Adolescent Nutrition
puberty marks accelerated growth
Requirements = iron, Calcium, zinc, and protein 2x
fast food is influenced by peer groups
Language reflects
hearing
Language
Birth to 4 months
crying
Language
1-3 months
cooing and babbling
Language
2 months
social smile
Language
3 months
squeal
Language
4 months
LOL laugh
Language
6 months
imitates actions and sounds
Language
9-10 months
comprehend the word No
obey simple commands
Language
10-12 months
ascribe meaning to words
“MAMA AND DADA”
Language
12 months
1-2 words with meaning
For every 1 year of life, the baby learns how many words
1-2 word sentences and increases over time
Language
15-24 months
Recognizes familiar names & objects
Points to object in picture when named
By 2 years of age use two-word sentences “All gone”
Language
3 years
telegraphic speech
sentences of 3-4 words “where’s ball daddy?”
talks a lot
Language
4 years
asking questions is at the peak
why, when. where, how
Language
5 years
story tellers
funny to use naughty words
stuttering in preschool years bc thoughts come faster than words
How long does an infant sleep for the 1st 6 months
14-17 hours optimal
swaddeling
morning and afternoon naps
What is some ways to help the 6 months and younger infant go to sleep?
Bedtime rituals;
putting baby to bedwhile still awake;
self-sooth;
crib for sleep only
What are the ABCs of sleep in infants?
Alone
Backs with no blankets or bedding
Crib and cool (70 degrees)
Smoke-free environment
When the infant can roll over
stop swaddling
decrease SIDS
Elements of a safe sleeping environment for a baby?
lone
no smoke
no pillows, stuffed animals, toys, bumper pads
If blanket is used, tucked in and only at babies chest height
no heavy or loos items
crib sheets for tightly over mattress
firm mattress
not too hot
back
feet to foot in the crib
SIDS risk factors
Pregnancy-related
Drug use/Smoking
Poor prenatal care
Low maternal age
Prematurity or low birth weight
Multiple births/twins
SIDS means
sudden infant death syndrome
SIDS risk factors
care-related
Overheating the infant
Soft pillows/bedding
Prone sleeping position
Co-sleeping
SIDS risk factors
Other-related
2 or more SIDS victims in family (genetic)
Winter months
Toddler sleep how long
12-14 hours
Preschoolers sleep how long
average of 12 hours
School-age sleep how long
average of 9 1/2 hours depending on activity levels
Adolescents sleep how long
about 9 hours
Toddlers sleep habits
afternoon naps till the age of 3
firm limits
bedtime rituals
transitional objects
Preschoolers sleep habits
naps go away
immature logic leads tro belief of monsters and ghosts
nightmare and terrors start
School-aged sleep habits
sleep walk or talk
Adolescent sleep habits
melatonin hormone released 2 hours later
adolescent brain
6 Stages of Play
Unoccupied
Solitary
Spectator/Onlooker
Parallel
Associate
Cooperative
Unoccupied Play
0-3 months
learn and discover how the body moves
Solitary Play
0-2 years
plays alone and not interested in playing with others
Spectator/Onlooker Behavior
2 years
watches and observes other playing but won’t play with them
Parallel Play
2+ years
plays alongside or near others but not with them
Associate Play
3-4 years
interact with others during play but not much cooperation required
I play on the slide and you play on monkey bars but to them playing together
Cooperative Play
4+ years
child plays with others and has interest in activity and other children involved in playing together
Injuries to be Prevented in Infants
suffocation
drowning
MV injuries
Aspiration
Bodily harm or burns
falls
poisoning
Injuries to be Prevented in Toddlers
Unintentional injuries = leading cause of death
need to childproof the environment
Injuries to be Prevented in Preschool
poisoning
pedestrian hit by car
proper car restraints
PPE for riding the bike
drowning
stranger danger
Injuries to be Prevented in School-age
MVC
Bicycle injuries
Appropriate safety equipment for all sports*
Injuries to be Prevented in School-age
MVC*
Accidental* injuries
HOMICIDE
SUICIDE
adolescent brain = this won’t happen to me
