G&D Trends Flashcards
What is measured quantitative?
growth
Examples of growth
ht
wt
number of teeth
Develpoment is known as
qualitative
Development is a combination of
growth
maturation
and learning
Development starts and ends where
simple to complex
scribble to letters to words
Development is measured by
observation
The birthweight should be ________ by 6 months
doubled
The birthweight should be ________ by 12 months (1 year)
tripled
The birthweight should be ________ by 30 months (2.5 years)
quadrupled
The baby should have how many inches of growth in height per month?
1/2 - 1 inch per month
Does gender determine height?
males are taller than women
What is the prediction of adult height?
2 years of age height doubled
Directional Trends of infants occur
bilaterally and symmetrically
cephalocuadal
proximodistal
Cephalocaudal refers to
head to tail
motor control from head, trunk, and extremities
In which directional trend does the infant gain motor control?
cephalocaudal then proximodistal
Proximodistal refers to
near to far
motor control over arm before fingers
Motor Control is gained
head to trunk to extremities to arm to fingers
What does tummy time show in a baby?
they have gained motor control over their head and being able to turn their head shows trunk motor control
Sequential Trends
predictable
crawl to stand to walk
babble to words to sequence
Fine Motor Development
Grasping reflex present 2 to 3 months, butcannot hold objects
Palmar grasp at 6 months
Transfer object between hands at 7 months
Pincer grasp at 10 months
Put/Remove objects from container at 11months
Try to build tower of two blocks at 12 months
The grasping reflex (without holding) is present at
2-3 months
The palmar grasp is present at
6 months
The infant is able to transfer objects between hands at
7 months
Pincer grasp is obtained at
10 months
Put and remove objects from a container at
11 months
Try to build tower of two blocks at
12 months
Gross Motor Functions
Head lag in the first 2 months
Head control, able to sit if propped up, rollsfrom back to side at 4 months
Rolling over (from abdomen to back) at 5 to 6months
Sits unsupported by 8 months
Move from prone to sitting position by 10months
Head lag occurs in
first 2 months
Head control, able to prop up, rolls from back to side at
4 months
Rolling over from abdomen to back at
5-6 months
Sits unsupported by
8 months
Move from prone to a sitting position by
10 months
Locomotion of infants
Increased coordination of extremities at 4months
Crawling at 6 to 7 months (usually backward)
Creeping at 9 months
Walk with assistance at 11 months
Walk alone at 12 months
The infant has increased coordination of extremities at
4 months
The baby can crawl at (usually backwards)
6-7 months
The baby can creep (with belly off the floor) by
9 months
The baby can walk with assistance at
11 months
The baby can walk alone at
12 months
Each child grows
at their own pace
________ mature faster than _______
females; males
The growth assessment of children is determined to be on the right track with
growth charts
Growth charts show the percentile curves of
ht
wt
head circumference
= it is okay if the start and stay in the correct percentiles
How do you weight infants?
nude as possible with a clean diaper
then minus the diaper for the weight
Recumbent length is determined by what ages
birth to 2 years
Recumbent length
head in midline
grasp knees together = push fully extended and flat
measure between marks
= Also, measure in cm (head circumference, chest at nipple line, and abdominal at umbilical line
correct ht determined
shoes off
stand tall and straight
head in midline
line of vision parallel
back to wall
Appearance Infancy
1-6 months
Weight gain per month
1 1/2 lbs per month
Appearance Infancy
6 months
double birth wt
Appearance Infancy
12 months
triple birth wt
Appearance Toddler
2-3 years
4-6 lbs per year
Appearance Toddler
30 months
4x the birth wt
Appearance Preschooler
3-5 years
4-6 lbs per year
slender, graceful, and agile as compared to toddlers
little diff in the general physical appearance of boys and girls
Appearance School-age
6-puberty
4-6 lbs per year
almost double in weight by 2” per year
girls usually grow faster than boys
Adolescent Growth Spurts appear earlier
females at 9-14 years
boys 10-16 years
Adolescent Growth Spurts
Girls
grow 2-8” over adolescence
gain 15-55 lbs over adolescence
Adolescent Growth Spurts
Boys
grow 4-12” over adolescence
gain 15-66 lbs over adolescence
Prepubescence
Approximately 2 Years Before Puberty
Start Of Physical Changes
- breast development
- testicles enlarged to pubic, axillary to facial hair
Puberty
reproductive organs function
Postpubescence
1 – 2 Year Period After Puberty
Skeletal Growth Complete
then voice change for boys
Adolescent Brain matures
back to front
Adolescent Brain areas of control first to last
1st
vision
hearing
touch
reasoning process
2nd
coordinate functions
3rd (still developing in early 20s)
executive frontal functions (planning, setting priorities, organized thoughts, suppress impulses, weighing consequences
