Skin diseases in swine II Flashcards
Etiology of Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta. (6)
Umbrella term used for 2 different diseases that appear together:
* epidermolysis bullosa
* aplasia cutis congenita.
Is a sporadic congenital defect due to an autosomal recessive gene.
Appears in several domestic and wild animal species.
More frequently in males, and in both white and colored pig breeds.
Clinical signs of Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta. (6)
absence of the epidermis as single or multiple skin defects found mainly on the back, thighs, and abdomen or oral cavity. variable depth of the skin defect (into the dermis or not).
In newborns, lesions are bright red, glistening and depressed. Within a few hours, they became covered with reddish to brownish crusts.
scarring and reduction in size of the lesion occurs over time with complete resolution after 1 month.
subcutaneous bullae may occur (lower right in image).
Focal absence of abdominal muscle (abdominal pseudohernia) may occur.
frequent concomitant hydronephrosis and hydroureter that are only discovered upon necropsy.
Secondary infections not uncommon (e.coli).
Epidermolysis bullosa have long been described under the name of
epitheliogenesis imperfecta.
Which is a group of genetic skin diseases that cause the skin to blister and erode very easily in response to minor injuries or friction, such as rubbing or scratching.
In epidermolysis bullosa, the ulcerated sites are those that are more prone to mechanical damage, namely the mouth and distal extremities.
At the microscopic level, dermo-epidermal clefts can often be observed at the margins of the lesions, and the adnexae are usually present within the lesions.
Etiology of sarcoptosis in pigs.
Describe the pathogen. (7)
Sarcoptes scabiei (0,5 mm) mites.
Lives in the swine skin for 2-3 weeks.
Transmitted by direct contact.
Likes a Damp and humid environment.
50 eggs per female mite laid
Life cycle 7-14 days
20-90% of herds infected
Clinical signs of sarcoptosis in swine. (8)
Itching
Skin infections
Skin thickening
Skin proliferation
Head, neck and extremities affected
Dry skin, scabs
Anorexia, reduced growth
Dark ear wax and exudate appears
Ddx for sarcoptosis in swine. (1)
parakeratosis (zinc deficiency)
Smoke trick to confirm sarcoptes (mites begin to move in presence of smoke and cause increased itching in pig).
Tx of sarcoptosis in swine. (4)
Doramectin 300 mg/kg
Ivermectin 300 mg/kg
Abamectin (insecticide and anthelminthic)
Amitraz (insecticide)
Etiology of biotin (vit b7) and hoof diseases. (4)
The B vitamins are Water soluble vitamins. Biotin is also known as Vit. H and vit. B7.
Acts as a Enzyme co-factor.
Less B7 in corn than maize.
Chronic deficiency of B7 leads to clinical signs in e.g. hooves.
Clinical signs of vitamin B7 deficiency (biotin) induced hoof diseases. (7)
Progressive hair loss
Dry skin, dandruff
Hoof erosion, soft over the walls
Limping
Difficulties in mating
Reduced litter sizes
Softened digital pads (cushions)
Diagnosis of biotin deficiency by: (2)
Clinical signs +
Low biotin content in blood (<700 ngl)
Tx of biotin deficiency in swine. (2)
Supplemental Biotin added to fodder.
NB Healing from deficiency takes months.
Etiology Porcine dermatitis-nephropathy syndrome. (4)
Caused by the effects of Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Seems to be an acute immune reaction to the viral infection (antigen-antibody complex).
Affects Feeder pigs, porkers, adult pigs.
Incidence less than 1%
Mortality 15-100%
Clinical signs of Porcine dermatitis-nephropathy syndrome. (10)
Anorexia
Depression
Moderate pyrexia
Diarrhea in some pigs
Reddish-brown skin damage, papules primarily in the area of perineam and hind limbs but elsewhere too. Later on, formation of scabs and scars.
Swelling of the joints and ventral parts of the legs.
Subcutaneous edema along the ventral abdominal wall and limbs.
Sudden death
Survivors heal in 7-10 days.
Lesions of Porcine dermatitis-nephropathy syndrome. (9)
Skin lesions
Subcutaneous fluid and body cavity fluid
Bilateral renal enlargement
Vibrio-necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Non-purulent nephritis
Necrotizing vasculitis
Swollen lymph nodes
Excessive synovial fluid in the joints
Gastric ulceration and hemorrhage
Lymphadenopathy is very obvious in necropsy as PCV-2 favors lymphoid tissue.
Ddx diagnoses for Porcine dermatitis-nephropathy syndrome. (3)
african swine fever
classical swine fever
Erysipelas (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae)
Tx and prevention of Porcine dermatitis-nephropathy syndrome.
Tx: Symptomatic e.g. NSAIDs, not much else you can do for a virus.
Prevention:
* Vaccination
* Managment (decrease stress in order to promote immunity, PCV is associated with stress)
Tx of thrombocytopenic purpura.
no tx
cause caused by aberrant antibodies and its too late when the symptoms have already started.
pathognomic sign of sarcoptosis
itching and thickened skin
NB smoke test!
