Infectious diseases of swine 1/2 Flashcards
Porcine circovirosis causes what syndromes? (4)
post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome
PCV-2 associated myocarditis and vasculitis in growing pigs
PCV-2 associated enteritis
Describe post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome caused by PCV.
A multifactorial disease.
First identified in Canadian high health herds in 1991.
Affects piglets of 2-4 months of age.
- Morbidity 4-60%
- Mortality ca 4-20%
Clinical signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome caused by PCV. (6+)
Fatigue, Pallor, Wasting
Respiratory distress
Diarrhea
Icterus
Swollen lymph nodes, Lymphoid tissue damage
Coughing
Fever
Gastric ulceration
Meningitis
Death
Post-mortem lesions of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome caused by PCV. (6+)
Interstitial pneumonia
Non-collapsed, rubbery lungs with mottling and increased firmness.
Enlarged spleen with infarcts
Enlarged kidneys
Enlarged and pale LN
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphoid depletion and histiocytic replacement of follicles in lymphoid tissues.
Mild-to-severe granulomatous inflammation in lymphoid and other tissues.
Describe PCV-2 associated myocarditis and vasculitis in growing pigs.
Primary cause of congestive heart failure.
- Myocardiocyte swelling or necrosis
- Myocardial fibrosis
Cardiomegaly, especially on the right side of the heart with pericardial effusion.
Dilatation of left and right ventricle and atrium (dilated cardio-myopathy).
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- Ascites
- Pulmonary edema
Describe PCV-2 associated enteritis.
Affects grower-finisher pigs.
- Subacute or chronic ileitis.
- The intestinal mucosa is grossly thickened and mesenteric lymph nodes are enlarged.
- Granulomatous enteritis
- Lesions in Peyer’s patches
Pigs infected with PCV2 may become immunosuppressed, making them more susceptible to secondary infections, like Cryptosporidium parvum. Crypto may worsen the clinical presentation of PCV2-associated enteritis.
PCV diagnosis involves: (5)
Clinical signs
Pathological findings from deceased animals
Serological tests
Virological tests
Demonstration of PCV2 antigen or DNA in fetal tissues.
Tx of PCV. (2)
Symptomatic treatment
Vaccination
Describe swine erysipelas etiology.
And what syndromes does it cause in what species?
Gram pos. bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Sporadic disease and ZOONOSIS.
In swine: acute and subacute septicemia, chronic proliferative damage.
In turkey and marine mammals - lethal.
Erysipelas in humans is a skin infection caused mainly by Streptococcus species (usually S. pyogenes).
“Erysipeloid” is a similar-looking skin infection in humans but is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a bacterium commonly found in animals like pigs and fish.
In sheep - polyarthritis
Swine erysipelas affects what age group?
Pigs 3 months to 3 years old are susceptible.
Contributors:
* Parasites
* Aflatoxins
* Feeding and managment
Clinical signs of acute swine erysipelas. (6)
Sudden death
Pyrexia (40-42,2ºC)
Anorexia
Depression
Hemolysis
Abortions (due to fever)
Skin damage in swine erysipelas.
Diamond-shaped form (rhomboid urticaria)
Patchy lesions
– days 2-3
– Pink to dark red, elevated, firm to the touch, do not blanche when pressed.
– With very dark purplish-red patches prognosis is poor, predict lethality.
– Also fatal when extensive dark erythema of the abdomen, ears, tail, insides of hindlimbs, lower jaw.
Skin damage leads to skin necrosis and secondary infections of the skin can also occur.
Clinical signs of chronic swine erysipelas. (3)
Arthritis
Cardiac insufficiency
Sudden death
Post-mortem lesions of swine erysipelas. (6+2)
Hemostasis of the snout, ears, jowls, throat, abdomen, thighs.
Edematous lungs
Petechial haemorrhage of pericardium
Catarrhous or hemorrhagic gastritis
Enlarged lymph nodes and hemorrhages
Hemorrhagic nephritis
Valvular endocarditis (proliferative, granular growths on the heart valves) and/or proliferative arthritis can be the only findings of chronic erysipelas!
And of course, the obvious skin lesions.
Tx of swine erysipelas. (2)
Penicillin, oxytetracycline
Vaccination
Describe streptococcal infection etiology in swine.
gram pos. Streptococcus suis zoonosis!
32 serotypes that vary in pathogenicity and clinical signs
* Some types appear to be non-pathogenic.
Clinically healthy animals may carry the organism in their tonsils, nasal cavities, in the lungs, vaginas, and prepuces for many months. Sows are carriers.
Streptococcus equisimilis, Streptococcus porcinus
Streptococcal infection affects what age group of pigs?
Due to maternal immunity initially protecting them - Piglets are affected 2 or 3 weeks after weaning up to 12 weeks post weaning
- Poor ventilation and high humidity
- Stress
Streptococcus equisimilis causes these 4 syndromes:
sporadic cases of septicemia
arthritis in suckling piglets
heart valve infections in growing pigs
ascending infection of the uterus in sows
Streptococcus porcinuscauses the following 2 syndromes/illnesses:
abscesses in the throat and septicemia
pneumonia
Main signs of general streptococcal infection in swine. (8)
Meningitis (lateral recumbency and paddling)
Septicemia (sudden death)
Polyserositis
Arthritis
Endocarditis
Pneumonia
Abortions
Rhinitis
Post-mortem lesions found in general streptococcal infection in swine. (9)
Reddening of the skin
Fibrinopurulent meningitis microscopically
Enlargement of the spleen
Petechial hemorrhages on the kidneys or other organs
Enlargement of joints that contain turbid synovial fluid
Polyserositis
Endocarditis (usually on the mitral valve),
myocarditis and
fibrinopurulent to fibrous pericarditis.
Tx of streptococcal infection in swine. (4+1)
penicillin
amoxicillin
TMS
Cephalosporin
Control:
Vaccination of sows
Elimination of stress
All in/all out system
Aujeszky’s disease is also known as…
pseudorabies
Describe Aujeszky’s disease etiology.
Who does it affect?
Genus Varicellovirus and family Herpesviridae (subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae).
Affects Swine, cattle, sheep, goats, cats , mink and foxes, hunting dogs.
Zoonotic potential! meaning clinical signs do not occur in humans, but seroconversion has been reported.
