Respiratory diseases of swine II Flashcards
Glässer’s disease is caused by?
Syndromes it causes/ other names it goes by? (2)
Haemophilus parasuis/Glaesserella parasuis (same thing, new name)
Porcine polyserositis & Infectious polyarthritis
Causes severe systemic disease characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, arthritis, and meningitis and inflammation of upper respiratory tract.
Etiology of Glaesserella parasuis and Glässer’s disease. (3)
Glässer’s disease is seen worldwide.
Incidence is increased since the introduction of PRRS and PCV.
Contributors: Environmental stressors, viral infections affecting the immune system.
Describe Glaesserella parasuis itself. (4)
Haemophilus parasuis/Glaesserella parasuis (same thing, new name)
small, gram-negative pleomorphic bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae
Isolation in pure culture from diseased animals is usually difficult. Also, naturally lives in healthy aniamls so finding it doesn’t mean you have Gläasser’s dz.
15 serovars: 1, 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14 cause systemic disease cases; 3, 6, 7, 9 cause upper respiratory tract dz.
Serotyping helps you choose a vaccine.
The correlation between serovar and virulence is not clear, and strains belonging to the same serovar may vary in virulence.
Course of dz in Glässer’s?
Morb and mort?
What age group does it affect?
Sudden onset and short course of disease.
Peracute disease has short course, sudden death, petechiae in some organs in these cases, indicating septicemia.
High morbidity and mortality.
Young animals (4–8 wk old) are primarily affected.
Clinical signs of acute Glässer’s. (5)
High fever
Severe coughing
Abdominal breathing
Swollen joints
CNS signs such as lateral decubitus, paddling, and trembling.
Clinical signs of chronic Glässer’s. (6)
Reduced growth rate
Dyspnea
Coughing
Severe fibrosis in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities.
Catarrhal purulent bronchopneumonia
Fibrinohemorrhagic pneumonia
4 main syndromes Glässer’s causes
polyarthritis
polyserositis
meningitis
catarrhal bronchopneumonia
Glässer’s peracute post mortem lesions. (3)
Septicemia-like petechiae and microscopic lesions such as DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) and microhemorrhages.
Fluid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, without the presence of fibrin but fibrin in normal acute course!
Glässer’s dz, Acute Lesions (6)
Fibrinous polyserositis
Fibrinous arthritis
Fibrinous meningitis
Fibrinous exudate can be seen on the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, synovia, and meninges.
Increased amount of fluid present.
Catarrhal-purulent bronchopneumonia too.
Diagnosis of Glässer’s involves: (4)
Clinical signs
Post-mortem lesions
PCR - differentiation between virulent and non-virulent isolates.
Organs to analyze: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, joints, and brain.
Isolation of H. parasuis from the upper respiratory tract has no relevance in the diagnosis of systemic infection because it can live there normally.
Ddx for Glässer’s. (6)
Streptococcus suis (can cause very similar syndromes)
Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Septicemic Escherichia coli (cause Glässer’s can look septicemic)
Actinobacillus suis
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Salmonella choleraesuis
Treatment and Control of Glässer’s. (2)
AB: synthetic penicillin, ceftiofur, ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tiamulin, tilmicosin, florfenicol, and potentiated sulfonamides.
Commercial or autogenous vaccines:
The broad range of potentially pathogenic serovars and genotypes has impaired the development of a universal vaccine for H parasuis.
- monovaccine: Porcilis Glässer (for serotype 5)
- complex vaccine: Suvaxyn M. hyo – Parasuis (M. hyopneumoniae and H. parasuis for serotypes 4 ja 5)
PRRS was also called (3)
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
The disease syndrome had been first recognised in the USA in the mid 1980 and it was called “mystery swine disease”.
Also called Blue ear disease in europe cause euro strains cause cyanosis.
Etiology and transmission of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. (4)
Virus from Family Arteriviridae.
Transmission with respiratory tract fluids, fetuses and amniotic fluid +abortions, urine, feces and sperm.
Also, Transplacental transmission.
Long-term latent carriers (up to 4 months) spread it.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome causes repro issues in what pigs?
And respiratory problems in?
repro issues in adults
resp problems mostly in piglets.
PRRS can also affect what other species (4)
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
Susceptible species:
Cats
Dogs
Mice
Rats
Clinical signs of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: respiratory disease. (5)
Anorexia
Fever
Cyanotic ears, abdomen and vulva (only European strains)
bronchopneumonia
Piglets with respiratory syndrome get bacterial consequences, death.
Clinical signs of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: reproductive disease. (8)
Abortions (day 107-112 of pregnancy)
Stillbirths, mummified fetuses, weak piglets
Piglets born of sick sows: brownish skin and head deformation (cupola-like slight head deformation).
Nursing sows: agalactia
Hairy piglets, loss of appetite
Intermittent fever
Decline in sperm quality
TX of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. (4)
Tx: you won’t treat, you’ll cull.
Vaccination
All-in, all-out
Bio-security
what dz
PRRS arterivirus causing blue ear disease
Etiology of swine influenza?
How is it characterized?
Caused by Influenza A viruses in the family Orthomyxoviridae.
Characterised by subtype and by two major surface glycoproteins; haemagglutinin and neuraminidase.
H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2
ZOONOSIS
H1N1 most commonly associated with “classical swine influenza”
Morbidity & mortality of swine influenza.
Morbidity rates can reach 100%.
Mortality rates are generally low (1%-4%).
Usually Rapid recovery.
Transmission of swine influenza. (5)
The primary route of virus transmission is direct contact.
The virus is shed in nasal secretions and disseminated through droplets or aerosols.
Excretion begins within 24 hours of infection.
Shedding ceases by 7–10 days post infection.
Carried by species other than swine too, birds, ppl.
Clinical signs of swine influenza in pigs. (8)
diarrhea
coughing
sneezing
nasal discharge
fever
lethargy
hyporexia
poor growth
