Skin diseases in swine I Flashcards
Most common skin diseases in swine. (8+3)
Parakeratosis
Exudative epidermitis
Pityriasis Rosea
Thrombocytopenic Purpura
epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
Sarcoptosis (mites)
Biotin and hoof diseases
Porcine dermatitis-nephropathy syndrome
Erysipelas (bacterial)
ASF (African swine fever)
CSF (Classical swine fever)
Etiology of Parakeratosis in swine. (3)
Deficiency of Zinc and fatty acids.
Diarrhea (makes zinc absorption poor even if its found in feed)
High concentration of soy, bran and Ca in fodder (competitive absorption in GI tract, block the absorption of zinc).
Therapeutic dose of zinc and what for historically?
therapeutic dose: 2500- 3000 ppm
“normal dose”: 150 ppm
Historically used for post-weaning diarrhea in piglets but no so much anymore cause its mostly excreted with feces and thus pollutes the environement with excess zinc which is a heavy metal.
Therapeutic doses are now banned. You can only use smaller amounts.
Has Also been found to increase antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
What age group of pig are affected with Parakeratosis?
Piglets of 7-10 weeks of age are affected.
Clinical signs of parakeratosis in swine. (6)
Growth reduction, weight loss
Reproductive dysfunctions
Skin conditions: symmetrical erythema, crusty scabs on the sides, back, abdominal border and ears.
Deep cracks on skin
Secondary skin infections and abscesses may develop.
NB No itching or greasiness
Diagnosis of swine parakeratosis by: (2)
Clinical signs
Diet analysis
TX of swine parakeratosis by: (2)
Supplemental Zinc carbonate or Zinc sulfate, dose 200 g/treatment.
Outer facilities organized. (?)
Etiology of Exudative epidermitis or Greasy pig disease. (8)
Cause by bacterium Staphylococcus hyicus.
Dermatophilus spp may be involved too.
Sows carry the bacteria on their skin.
Infection occurs via skin injuries
Piglets of 2-6 weeks of age are affected.
Full litters may be infected.
High humidity, poor ventilation predispose.
Pathogens may persist in the farrowing crate.
What age group does Exudative epidermitis or Greasy pig disease affect?
Piglets of 2-6 weeks of age are affected so soon-to-be- or weaners.
Clinical signs of Exudative epidermitis or Greasy pig disease. (8)
Face and head skin damage
Skin infection, thickening
Greasy dark exudate
Ear tip necrosis
No itching
Spreads all over the body fast (4-5 days to cover the whole body)
Damage to oral mucosa
Secondary skin infections occur
Ddx for Exudative epidermitis or Greasy pig disease. (1)
vitamin B deficiency
Tx of Exudative epidermitis or Greasy pig disease. (4)
Treated when the signs appear.
Penicillin, Cloxacillin, Neomycin, Novobiocin injections
Creams containing Lanolin and antibiotics.
Washing with chlorhexidine.
If very widespread, euthanasia is a better option.
Prevention of Exudative epidermitis or Greasy pig disease. (3)
Hygiene monitoring in the facilities
All-in, all-out
Washing sows
Pityriasis Rosea is also known as
Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis
Etiology of Pityriasis Rosea or
Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis. (6)
sporadic disease
unknown etiology
8–14 wk (2 wk -10 month olds affected)
one or more pigs in a litter affected
not transmissable
disease does not resemble pityriasis rosea in people
Pityriasis Rosea or
Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis affetcs what age pigs?
8–14 wk (2 wk -10 month olds affected)
one or more pigs in a litter affected
Risk factors for development of Pityriasis Rosea or
Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis. (4)
Landrace breed most commonly affected.
Lesions appear to be more extensive in pigs reared in high stocking densities.
high ambient temperatures
high humidity
Clinical signs of Pityriasis Rosea or
Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis. (10)
disease is mild and
self-limiting (recovery is spontaneous in 6–8 wk).
transient anorexia
diarrhea
small erythematous papules that form collarettes with distinct raised and reddened borders.
the lesions enlarge at their periphery and
adjacent lesions may coalesce.
center of the lesion is flat and covered with a bran-like scale overlaying normal skin.
lesions found on the ventral abdomen and inner thighs, the back, neck, and legs.
no pruritus
secondary bacterial infection can occur (eg, Staphylococcus hyicus)
Diagnosis of Pityriasis Rosea or
Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis by: (2+4)
characteristic lesions
laboratory tests, culture, and biopsy may be used to differentiate it from
dermatomycosis,
exudative epidermitis,
dermatosis vegetans,
and swinepox
Tx and prevention of Pityriasis Rosea or
Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis.
Treatment is generally considered unnecessary as the disease is mild and self-limiting.
Etiology of Thrombocytopenic Purpura in swine.
Adverse reaction between mother and offspring as a result of immunological interaction causing Destruction of platelets and megakaryocytes.
A result of IgM and IgG excreted in the colostrum and absorbed by the piglet in the first 12-24 hours of life.
The sow will have been induced to produce anti-platelet antibodies by exposure to “foreign” platelets/megakaryocytes in a previous litter and the factor governing this is purely genetic.
I.e. the boar “throws” piglets which contain cells that the sow recognises as foreign.
It is only if similar “foreign” platelets are produced in subsequent litters that problems arise.
What age pigs are affected by Thrombocytopenic Purpura?
2 age brackets:
1) 3 day olds
2) more commonly around 14 days of age (10-20 days) (nobody knows why it occurs exactly around 2 weeks old again)
2-stage process occurs accounting for the different ages affected:
1) Initial immunological destruction of platelets
2) simultaneous destruction of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow compromising replenishment of platelets later on.
the whole litter or only 1 or 2 piglets are affected.
often the largest ones in a litter.
Clinical signs of thrombocytopenis purpura. (5)
sudden death of 2 or more piglets in a litter at the appropriate age.
typical purpuric haemorrhages on the skin.
marks or injuries resulting in hemorrhages and/or bruising.
hemorrhages in all body tissues
anemia
Post-mortem lesions of thrombocytopenis purpura. (6)
blood is thin and watery
subcutaneous haemorrhages of the belly and between the back legs (5 mm in diameter)
internal haemorrhage in one or more organs
heart and heart sac (pericardium) may show extensive haemorrhages
accumulated unclotted blood in the spleen, kidneys, gall-bladder, intestine and lungs
blood in the abdomen or chest cavity
