Skin Condition Flashcards
Macule
flat, not palpable, circumscribed, <1cm diameter, brown, red, purple, white, or tan
Papule
raised, firm, circumscribed, <1cm diameter, brown, red, pink, tan, or bluish red (warts)
Vesicle
elevated, circumscribed, fluid-filled, <1cm (varicella, blister)
(Bulla-vesicle >1 cm in diameter (blister)
Nodule
elevated, firm, circumscribed, palpable, 1-2cm (lipomas)
Pustule
elevated, superficial, filled with purulent fluid (impetigo, acne)
Cyst
elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated, filled with liquid or semi-solid material (sebaceous cyst)
Common Symptoms
- Pruritis (itching)
- Paresthesia (burning; prickling)
- Anesthesia (absence of sensation)
- Hypoesthesia (diminished sensation)
- Hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)
Bacterial Skin Infections
Nursing Goal
Prevent spread of infection and complications through
- good hand washing
- separate towels
- no interference with the healing process
Impetigo
- bacteria
- Honey-colored, crusted erosions. Most common between 2 and 5 years.
Impetigo management
•Prescription ointment or cream can be used for a small lesion; however, widespread lesions require oral antibiotics
•Cleanse wounds with antibacterial soap.
- Cetaphil Dry Sensitive Skin
•Use moist compresses to remove crusts.
•Keep fingernails cut short and keep hands clean.
•Prevent child from scratching, or rubbing – hands may need to be wrapped, or use mittens.
Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina)
Bacteria
Strawberry tongue
Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
“Slapped-cheek disease”
- Stuffy or runny nose
- Sore throat
- Mild fever
- Fatigue
- Headaches
Roseola (Sixth Disease)
•Fever (often greater 103 F)
•Sore throat, runny nose, cough
•Rash – starts on chest, back,
and abdomen. DOESNT ITCH
Coxsackie Virus
Hand-foot-mouth disease
- Fever (up to 104).
- Sore throat/mouth with BLISTERING LESIONS in the mouth.
- Blistering rash usually follows in 1-2 days on the hands, feet and possibly buttocks
- Malaise (general feeling of discomfort)
- Loss of appetite
- Irritability
Tinea Corporis “Ringworm”
Fungal infection
Diaper Dermatitis
Caused by prolonged and repetitive contact with an irritant (urine, feces, soaps, detergents)
•Inadequately rinsed cloth diapers
•Chemicals in disposable wipes
•Diarrheal stools
•Monitoring and changing diaper as soon as it becomes wet
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
family history
- Symptoms improve with humidity(summer) and worsen during winter – dry heat
- Nursing goals: less itching; no secondary infection; skin hydration
