Pyschosocial

Question 1

Eriksons trust and mistrust

Answer 1

Birth - 1 year

Develop sense of trust when caregivers provide reliable care in love

Infants need to be held talk to you and have their basic needs met to develop trust

Question 2

Erikson autonomy vs shame and doubt

1-3

Answer 2

1-3

Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and sense of independence

No is fav word

Will regress under times of stress

Question 3

Erikson initiative vs guilt

3-6

Answer 3

3-6

Children need to begin starting control and power over environment which leads to a sense of purpose

Love to please, use imagination to act out roles, developing conscience and enjoys helping

No ability to link cause and effect

Question 4

Erikson industry vs inferiority

6-11

Answer 4

6-11

Children need to cope with new social and academic demands leading to a sense of competence

Wants to learn about themselves and the world needs encouragement and support

Question 5

Erikson identity vs role of confusion or diffusion

11-20

Answer 5

Early 11-14
Mid 14-16
Late 17-20

Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity

Becoming their own person, learning how to separate from parents and ‘revisit’ earlier stages

Question 6

Piaget sensorimotor

Answer 6

Birth-2

Senses and motor skills to learn about the world

Question 7

Piaget sensorimotor substages

12m-2y

Preoperational 2-7

Answer 7

Difference so from objects, object permanence, play becomes more complex

Question 8

Piaget preoperatinal substages

Preconceptual phase 2-4

Intuitive phase 4-7

Answer 8

Egocentric Thinking, active imagination, starts to understand right from wrong

Question 9

Piaget concrete operational

7-11

Answer 9

Interested in how things are made and run, need support in encouragement from important people in their life

Question 10

Piaget formal operations

11-20

Answer 10

Early 11-14
Mid 14-17
Late 17-20

Invincibility
Likes
Making independent decision
Develop critical thinking ability

Question 11

Atraumatic care

Answer 11

Therapeutic care that minimizes or illuminates the psychological and physical distress experienced by children and their families in the healthcare system

Question 12

Major principles of atraumatic care

Answer 12

• prevent or minimize physical stressors
• prevent or minimize parent child separation
• promote a sense of control

Question 13

Infancy

Answer 13

1-12 m

Routines are disturbed, resulting in fear, separation anxiety and loss of control

Question 14

Toddlers

Answer 14

1-3 (less than 2 should be written as months)

Often fearful of strangers and Can recall traumatic events, separation anxiety, destruction and usual routine contributes to loss of control in feeling of insecurity, will regress

Question 15

Preschoolers

Answer 15

3-6

Do you not understand cause of illness and have fear of mutilation and intrusive procedures

Often interpret words literally and have a active imagination

Often believe that some personal deed or thought caused her illness and that inflicted pain is punishment

Question 16

School age

Answer 16

6-11/12

May be able to better comprehend cause of illness however may be concerned about disability, death, and injury or pain

They miss school or friends some may regress and become needy demanding their parents attention

Loss of control occurs from limitation of activities

Question 17

Adolescent

Answer 17

13-18

Are concerned about how the illness or injury will affect their body image do not like to be different, and do not like to show they are afraid

Anxiety comes from being separated from friends, feelings of invisibility may caused him to take risk and be non-compliant with treatment

Question 18

Spontaneous play

Answer 18

involves giving child a variety of play materials and providing the opportunity to play.

Question 19

Directed play

Answer 19

involves more specific direction, such as providing medical equipment or a dollhouse for focused reasons, such as exploring child’s fear of injections or exploring family relationships.

Question 20

Separation anxiety age

Answer 20

(8 months to 3 years)

Question 21

Stressors of Hospitalization and Children’s Reactions

Answer 21

• Separation anxiety
• Loss of control
• Bodily injury
• Pain

Question 22

Preventing or minimizing separation from parents

Answer 22

• Family-centered care
• Family presence during procedure
• Encourage visitation
• Provide sleeping accommodations for family
• Bring familiar items from home
• Child-friendly rooms

Question 23

Minimizing loss of control

Answer 23

• Keep routines
• Promote movement and play time
• Limit or combine stressful procedures
• Keep busy with activities
• Allow child to express their feelings

Question 24

Preparation for Procedures

Answer 24

• Provide a description/reason for the procedure using age-appropriate language
• Describe where the procedure will occur
• Introduce strange equipment the child may see
• Inform the child if any pain in involved
• Identify any special care required after the procedure

Question 25

Interventions During the Procedure

Answer 25

• Firm, positive, confident approach
• Provide the child with a sense of security
• Encourage cooperation from the child
• Allow the child to express their feelings
• Use distraction methods

Question 26

After the Procedure

Answer 26

• Hold and comfort the child (cuddle and soothe infants)
• Encourage the child to express emotions through play
• Praise children for appropriate behavior (prize box)

Question 27

Utilizing the Child Life Specialist (CLS)

Answer 27

• Preparation for tests, surgeries, etc
• Support during medical procedures
• Therapeutic play
• Activities to support normal growth/development
• Advocacy for the child and family
• Grief and bereavement support