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OCC2020 - Anatomy > Skin and Burns > Flashcards

Skin and Burns Flashcards

1
Q

List the 4 primary types of tissue

A
  1. nervous tissue
  2. muscle tissue
  3. epithelial tissue
  4. connective tissue
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2
Q

nervous tissue

A

Internal Communication

  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
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3
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Contracts to cause movement

  • muscle attached to bone
  • muscle of heart
  • muscle of walls of hollow organs
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4
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Forms boundaries between different environments. Protects, secretes, absorbs, and filters.

  • skin surface (epidermis)
  • lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs
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5
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Supports, protects, binds other tissue together

  • bones
  • tendons
  • fat and other soft padding tissue
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6
Q

What are the 3 Structural Layers of the Skin

A
  1. epidermis
  2. dermis
  3. hypodermis
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7
Q

characteristics of the epidermis

A
  • avascular
  • dynamic steady state due to keratinocytes constantly dying
  • replaced every 25-45 days
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8
Q

list the 5 epidermal layers

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinous
  5. stratum basale
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9
Q

list the characteristics of the epidermal layer - stratum basale

A
  • single layer of dividing stem cells
  • new cells push older ones to the surface
  • contains melanocytes (pigments)
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10
Q

function of the stem cells

A

divide to produce keratinocytes

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11
Q

function of keratinocytes

A

produce keratin

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12
Q

function melanocytes

A

produce melanin

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13
Q

function of Merkel cells

A

touch receptors

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14
Q

function of langerhans cells

A

(macrophages) activate immune response

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15
Q

list the characteristics of the dermis

A
  • bulk of the skin
  • flexible and strong
  • made from connective tissue
  • contains sweat glands
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16
Q

Bloody Supply of the skin

A

Hypodermis: dense capillary network which projects through dermis and is controlled by pre capillary sphincters

17
Q

list the 6 major functions of the skin

A
  1. protection
    - physical
    - chemical
    - biological
  2. sensation
  3. metabolic function
  4. blood reservoir
  5. excretion
  6. temperature regulation
18
Q

Function of the Skin - physical protection

A
  • keratin and oily secretions blocks most water
19
Q

Function of the Skin - chemical protection

A
  • low pH prevents bacteria
  • defensins secreted to kill bacteria
  • melanin protects DNA in underlying cells from UV damage
20
Q

Function of the Skin - biological barrier

A

macrophages dispose of viruses and bacteria that penetrates epidermis

21
Q

what are the 3 types of receptors for sensation

A
  • Nocioceptors (pain)
  • thermoreceptors
  • mechanoreceptors (touch)
22
Q

Function of the Skin - Metabolic

A

Synthesis of Vitamin D

23
Q

Functions of the Skin - blood reservoir

A

hold up to 5%

24
Q

Functions of the skin - excretion

A

waste and salt is excreted via sweat

25
Q

what are the 2 mechanisms of skin repair

A
  1. regeneration
  2. fibrosis
    (usually involves both)
26
Q

characteristics of skin repair - regeneration

A
  • replaces destroyed tissue with the same kind of tissue

- restored to normal os damage is minor (only epidermis) and the stem cells of epidermis are still in tact

27
Q

characteristics of skin repair - fibrosis

A
  • replaces destroyed tissue with scar tissue

- damage that includes dermis = fibroblasts

28
Q

list the 3 stages of skin repair

A
  1. inflammation and formation of blood clot
  2. formation of granulation tissue
  3. regeneration and fibrosis
29
Q

lis the 4 different types of burns

A
  • thermal
  • electrical
  • chemical
  • radiation
30
Q

what are the 4 levels of burn classification

A
  1. Superficial burn
  2. Superficial partial thickness burn and deep partial thickness burn
  3. full thickness burn
  4. subnormal burn
31
Q

list the characteristics of a superficial burn

A
  • only the epidermis
  • no barrier function impairment
  • heals in a week by itself without scarring
  • sunburn
32
Q

list the characteristics of a partial thickness burn

A
  • destruction of entire epidermis +/- no more than 1/3 of dermis
  • vessels injured
  • blisters = epidermis lifts off
  • nerve endings exposed
  • blood flow adequate and low infection risk
  • heals in 3 weeks
  • low scarring risk
33
Q

list the characteristics of deep partial thickness burns

A
  • destruction of epidermis and majority of dermis
  • no blisters
  • wound is white and dry
  • compromised blood flow
  • infection risk
  • low pain due to destruction of nerve endings
  • 3+ healing
34
Q

list the characteristics of full thickness burns

A
  • complete destruction of epidermis and dermis
  • no cells
  • dead avascular burn = white and waxy or charred
  • does not heal spontaneously
  • requires a skin graft
35
Q

list the characteristics of subnormal burns

A
  • complete destruction of epidermis and dermis and underlying tissue
  • wound is charred, dry, brown or white without sensation
  • treatment = amputation
  • complete destruction = no skin graft
36
Q

contracture treatment modalities

A
  • stretching
  • splinting
  • massage
  • grafting
  • silicone gels

OCC2020 - Anatomy (8 decks)

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