skin and body membranes chapter 4

Question 1

Epithelial Membrane

Answer 1

Epithelial Membrane Includes the cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, and the serous membrane. Also called covering and lining membranes

Question 2

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 2

Cutaneous Membrane skin; consists of statified epithelium and a layer of areolar tissue reinforced by underlying dense irregular connective tissue. For protection and containment

Question 3

Mucous Membrane

Answer 3

Mucous Membrane mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior. Ex: respitory sytem, reproductive system.

Question 4

Serous Membrane

Answer 4

Serous Membrane produces a watery fluid and lines closed body cavities; parietal lines the outer part and visceral lines the inner. reduces friction inside body.

Question 5

Serous fluid

Answer 5

Serous fluid lubricates the organs and allows them glide without friction

Question 6

Peritoneum Membrane

Answer 6

surrounding the organs in the abdomen

Question 7

Pleura membrane

Answer 7

surrounding the lungs

Question 8

Pericardium

Answer 8

a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart

Question 9

synovial membranes

Answer 9

Loose connective tissue that lines the joint cavity

Question 10

skin

Answer 10

Same as cutaneous membrane. Has sweat oand old glands, hair and nails serving mainly a purpose of protection

Question 11

ntegumentary system

Answer 11

the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body (skin)

Question 12

Keratin

Answer 12

hard, water-proof protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails

Question 13

epidermis

Answer 13

epidermis the outer layer of the skin covering made of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

dermis

Answer 14

inner layer of skin made of connective tissue

Question 15

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Answer 15

connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis

Question 16

keratinocytes

Answer 16

Cells in the epidermis which produce keratin

Question 17

stratum basale

Answer 17

stratum basale deepest epidermal layer made of a single row of cells that undergo rapid cell division

Question 18

stratum spinosum

Answer 18

a layer (8-10) of the epidermis that provides strength and flexibility to the skin

Question 19

Stratum granulosum

Answer 19

a layer of the epidermis that marks the transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata

Question 20

stratum lucidum

Answer 20

the layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles

Question 21

stratum corneum

Answer 21

the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells

Question 22

melanin

Answer 22

insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers

Question 23

melanocytes

Answer 23

cells that contain melanin - give skin color

Question 24

epidermal dendritic cells

Answer 24

cells in epidermis that help activate immune system

Question 25

Merkel cells

Answer 25

Located in the deepest part of the epidermis, function in the sensation of touch

Question 26

papillary layer

Answer 26

outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis

Question 27

dermal papillae

Answer 27

peg-like projections on the superior surface that indent the overlying epidermis

Question 28

reticular layer

Answer 28

deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains cells, vessels, glands, and follicles

Question 29

skin appendages

Answer 29

include nails, sweat glands, sebacous (oil) glands, and hair follicles and hair.

Question 30

exocrine glands

Answer 30

release their secretions through ducts or tubes onto a body surface or into a cavity. ex. sweat, salivary or tear glands

Question 31

sebaceous glands

Answer 31

oil glands in the skin

Question 32

sebum

Answer 32

the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands

Question 33

sweat glands

Answer 33

glands of the skin that secrete small amounts of water to the skins surface

Question 34

eccrine glands

Answer 34

glands that produce sweat; found over most of the body

Question 35

apocrine glands

Answer 35

produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins; found in the axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas of the body

Question 36

hairs

Answer 36

functions-protection, can help to reduce of heat loss, and sensing light touch

Question 37

matrix

Answer 37

growth zone

Question 38

arrector pili

Answer 38

smooth muscle attached to follicle, responsible for "goose bumps"

Question 39

nail

Answer 39

scalelike modification of the epidermis

Question 40

Rule of nines

Answer 40

The body is divided into 11 areas each accounting for 9% of the total body surface. This does not include the genitals which makes up 1%

Question 41

Pathogens

Answer 41

Bacteria/fungi that invade areas where the skin has been destroyed

Question 42

first-degree burn

Answer 42

first-degree burn only the epidermis is burned

Question 43

second-degree burn

Answer 43

second-degree burnupper region of the dermis... blisters appear

Question 44

third-degree burn

Answer 44

destroy the entire thickness of the skin. the burned area appears blanched. required skin grafting

Question 45

Burns are critical

Answer 45

Over 25% of the body has second-degree burns over 10% of the body has third-degree burns there are third-degree burns of the face, hands, or feet

Question 46

Athletes foot (tinea pedis)

Answer 46

An itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin between the toes, resulting from fungus infection

Question 47

Boils and carbuncles

Answer 47

Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, common on the dorsal neck. carbuncles are composite boils typically caused by bacterial infection

Question 48

Cold sores

Answer 48

small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by a herpes simplex infection. the virus localizes in the cutaneous nerve

Question 49

Contact Dermatitis

Answer 49

Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering. caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that provoke allergic responses in sensitive individuals

Question 50

Impetigo Pink, water-filled, raised lesions that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture

Answer 50

water-filled, raised lesions that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture

Question 51

Psoriasis

Answer 51

A chronic condition, characterized by overproduction of skin cells that results in reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleed

Question 52

Basal cell Carcinoma

Answer 52

Basal cell Carcinoma The least malignant and most common skin cancer

Question 53

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 53

The lesion appears as a scaly, reddened papule that gradually forms a shallow ulcer with a firm, raised border

Question 54

Malignant Melanoma

Answer 54

Only accounts for 5% of skin cancers, but often deadly. Some develop from pigmented moles. arises from accumulated DNA damage in a skin cell and usually appears as a spreading brown to black patch that metastasizes rapidly to surrounding lymph and blood vessels