skin and body membranes chapter 4 Flashcards
Epithelial Membrane
Epithelial Membrane Includes the cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, and the serous membrane. Also called covering and lining membranes
Cutaneous Membrane
Cutaneous Membrane skin; consists of statified epithelium and a layer of areolar tissue reinforced by underlying dense irregular connective tissue. For protection and containment
Mucous Membrane
Mucous Membrane mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior. Ex: respitory sytem, reproductive system.
Serous Membrane
Serous Membrane produces a watery fluid and lines closed body cavities; parietal lines the outer part and visceral lines the inner. reduces friction inside body.
Serous fluid
Serous fluid lubricates the organs and allows them glide without friction
Peritoneum Membrane
surrounding the organs in the abdomen
Pleura membrane
surrounding the lungs
Pericardium
a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart
synovial membranes
Loose connective tissue that lines the joint cavity
skin
Same as cutaneous membrane. Has sweat oand old glands, hair and nails serving mainly a purpose of protection
ntegumentary system
the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body (skin)
Keratin
hard, water-proof protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails
epidermis
epidermis the outer layer of the skin covering made of stratified squamous epithelium
dermis
inner layer of skin made of connective tissue
subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis
keratinocytes
Cells in the epidermis which produce keratin
stratum basale
stratum basale deepest epidermal layer made of a single row of cells that undergo rapid cell division
stratum spinosum
a layer (8-10) of the epidermis that provides strength and flexibility to the skin
Stratum granulosum
a layer of the epidermis that marks the transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata
stratum lucidum
the layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles
stratum corneum
the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells
melanin
insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers
melanocytes
cells that contain melanin - give skin color
epidermal dendritic cells
cells in epidermis that help activate immune system
Merkel cells
Located in the deepest part of the epidermis, function in the sensation of touch
papillary layer
outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis
dermal papillae
peg-like projections on the superior surface that indent the overlying epidermis
reticular layer
deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains cells, vessels, glands, and follicles
skin appendages
include nails, sweat glands, sebacous (oil) glands, and hair follicles and hair.
exocrine glands
release their secretions through ducts or tubes onto a body surface or into a cavity. ex. sweat, salivary or tear glands
sebaceous glands
oil glands in the skin
sebum
the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands
sweat glands
glands of the skin that secrete small amounts of water to the skins surface
eccrine glands
glands that produce sweat; found over most of the body
apocrine glands
produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins; found in the axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas of the body
hairs
functions-protection, can help to reduce of heat loss, and sensing light touch
matrix
growth zone
arrector pili
smooth muscle attached to follicle, responsible for “goose bumps”
nail
scalelike modification of the epidermis
Rule of nines
The body is divided into 11 areas each accounting for 9% of the total body surface. This does not include the genitals which makes up 1%
Pathogens
Bacteria/fungi that invade areas where the skin has been destroyed
first-degree burn
first-degree burn only the epidermis is burned
second-degree burn
second-degree burnupper region of the dermis… blisters appear
third-degree burn
destroy the entire thickness of the skin. the burned area appears blanched. required skin grafting
Burns are critical
Over 25% of the body has second-degree burns
over 10% of the body has third-degree burns
there are third-degree burns of the face, hands, or feet
Athletes foot (tinea pedis)
An itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin between the toes, resulting from fungus infection
Boils and carbuncles
Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, common on the dorsal neck. carbuncles are composite boils typically caused by bacterial infection
Cold sores
small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by a herpes simplex infection. the virus localizes in the cutaneous nerve
Contact Dermatitis
Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering. caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that provoke allergic responses in sensitive individuals
Impetigo Pink, water-filled, raised lesions that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture
water-filled, raised lesions that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture
Psoriasis
A chronic condition, characterized by overproduction of skin cells that results in reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleed
Basal cell Carcinoma
Basal cell Carcinoma The least malignant and most common skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
The lesion appears as a scaly, reddened papule that gradually forms a shallow ulcer with a firm, raised border
Malignant Melanoma
Only accounts for 5% of skin cancers, but often deadly. Some develop from pigmented moles. arises from accumulated DNA damage in a skin cell and usually appears as a spreading brown to black patch that metastasizes rapidly to surrounding lymph and blood vessels
