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Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology > skin and body membranes chapter 4 > Flashcards

skin and body membranes chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial Membrane

A

Epithelial Membrane Includes the cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, and the serous membrane. Also called covering and lining membranes

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2
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

Cutaneous Membrane skin; consists of statified epithelium and a layer of areolar tissue reinforced by underlying dense irregular connective tissue. For protection and containment

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3
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

Mucous Membrane mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior. Ex: respitory sytem, reproductive system.

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4
Q

Serous Membrane

A

Serous Membrane produces a watery fluid and lines closed body cavities; parietal lines the outer part and visceral lines the inner. reduces friction inside body.

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5
Q

Serous fluid

A

Serous fluid lubricates the organs and allows them glide without friction

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6
Q

Peritoneum Membrane

A

surrounding the organs in the abdomen

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7
Q

Pleura membrane

A

surrounding the lungs

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8
Q

Pericardium

A

a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart

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9
Q

synovial membranes

A

Loose connective tissue that lines the joint cavity

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10
Q

skin

A

Same as cutaneous membrane. Has sweat oand old glands, hair and nails serving mainly a purpose of protection

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11
Q

ntegumentary system

A

the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body (skin)

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12
Q

Keratin

A

hard, water-proof protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails

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13
Q

epidermis

A

epidermis the outer layer of the skin covering made of stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

dermis

A

inner layer of skin made of connective tissue

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15
Q

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

A

connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis

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16
Q

keratinocytes

A

Cells in the epidermis which produce keratin

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17
Q

stratum basale

A

stratum basale deepest epidermal layer made of a single row of cells that undergo rapid cell division

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18
Q

stratum spinosum

A

a layer (8-10) of the epidermis that provides strength and flexibility to the skin

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19
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

a layer of the epidermis that marks the transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata

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20
Q

stratum lucidum

A

the layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles

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21
Q

stratum corneum

A

the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells

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22
Q

melanin

A

insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers

23
Q

melanocytes

A

cells that contain melanin - give skin color

24
Q

epidermal dendritic cells

A

cells in epidermis that help activate immune system

25
Q

Merkel cells

A

Located in the deepest part of the epidermis, function in the sensation of touch

26
Q

papillary layer

A

outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis

27
Q

dermal papillae

A

peg-like projections on the superior surface that indent the overlying epidermis

28
Q

reticular layer

A

deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains cells, vessels, glands, and follicles

29
Q

skin appendages

A

include nails, sweat glands, sebacous (oil) glands, and hair follicles and hair.

30
Q

exocrine glands

A

release their secretions through ducts or tubes onto a body surface or into a cavity. ex. sweat, salivary or tear glands

31
Q

sebaceous glands

A

oil glands in the skin

32
Q

sebum

A

the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands

33
Q

sweat glands

A

glands of the skin that secrete small amounts of water to the skins surface

34
Q

eccrine glands

A

glands that produce sweat; found over most of the body

35
Q

apocrine glands

A

produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins; found in the axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas of the body

36
Q

hairs

A

functions-protection, can help to reduce of heat loss, and sensing light touch

37
Q

matrix

A

growth zone

38
Q

arrector pili

A

smooth muscle attached to follicle, responsible for “goose bumps”

39
Q

nail

A

scalelike modification of the epidermis

40
Q

Rule of nines

A

The body is divided into 11 areas each accounting for 9% of the total body surface. This does not include the genitals which makes up 1%

41
Q

Pathogens

A

Bacteria/fungi that invade areas where the skin has been destroyed

42
Q

first-degree burn

A

first-degree burn only the epidermis is burned

43
Q

second-degree burn

A

second-degree burnupper region of the dermis… blisters appear

44
Q

third-degree burn

A

destroy the entire thickness of the skin. the burned area appears blanched. required skin grafting

45
Q

Burns are critical

A

Over 25% of the body has second-degree burns
over 10% of the body has third-degree burns
there are third-degree burns of the face, hands, or feet

46
Q

Athletes foot (tinea pedis)

A

An itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin between the toes, resulting from fungus infection

47
Q

Boils and carbuncles

A

Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, common on the dorsal neck. carbuncles are composite boils typically caused by bacterial infection

48
Q

Cold sores

A

small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by a herpes simplex infection. the virus localizes in the cutaneous nerve

49
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A

Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering. caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that provoke allergic responses in sensitive individuals

50
Q

Impetigo Pink, water-filled, raised lesions that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture

A

water-filled, raised lesions that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture

51
Q

Psoriasis

A

A chronic condition, characterized by overproduction of skin cells that results in reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleed

52
Q

Basal cell Carcinoma

A

Basal cell Carcinoma The least malignant and most common skin cancer

53
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

The lesion appears as a scaly, reddened papule that gradually forms a shallow ulcer with a firm, raised border

54
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

Only accounts for 5% of skin cancers, but often deadly. Some develop from pigmented moles. arises from accumulated DNA damage in a skin cell and usually appears as a spreading brown to black patch that metastasizes rapidly to surrounding lymph and blood vessels

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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