Muscles and their functions Flashcards

1
Q

Frontalis (facial muscle)

A

raises eyebrows

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2
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks

facial muscle

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3
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

closes mouth and portrudes the lips

facial muscle

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4
Q

Buccinator

A

flattens the cheeks, chews

facial muscle

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5
Q

Zygomaticus )

A

raises corners of the mouth

facial muscle

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6
Q

Masseter

A

Closes jaw and elevates mandible

chewing muscles

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7
Q

Temporalis

A

synergest of the masseter, closes jaw

chewing muscles

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8
Q

Platysma (neck muscles)

A

Platysma – pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly

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9
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (neck muscles)

A

flexes the neck, rotates the head

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10
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Pectoralis major - adducts and flexes the humerus

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11
Q

Intercostal muscles –

A

Intercostal muscles – movement of rib cage for breathing

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12
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Rectus abdominis - flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents (defecation, childbirth, forced breathing)

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13
Q

External and internal obliques

A

flex vertebral column; rotate trunk and bend it laterally

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14
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

compresses abdominal contents

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15
Q

Trapezius

A

elevates, depresses, adducts, and stabilizes the scapula

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16
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

extends and adducts the humerus

17
Q

Erector spinae

A

back extension

18
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

flexes the spine laterally

19
Q

Deltoid

A
  • arm abduction

because of the size of the deltoid, it is a favorite site for injections of small amounts (less than 5 mL)

20
Q

Biceps brachii

A

flexes elbow

anterior muscle of the upper limb

21
Q

Brachialis

A

elbow flexion

anterior muscle of the upper limb

22
Q

Brachioradialis -

A

weak muscle for elbow flexion

anterior muscle of the upper limb)

23
Q

Triceps brachii - elbow extension (antagonist to biceps brachii)

A

Triceps brachii - elbow extension (antagonist to biceps brachii)
(only posterior muscle of the upper limb. Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis are all anterior muscle)

24
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

hip extension (muscle of the lower limb)

25
Q

Gluteus medius

A

hip abduction (muscle of the lower limb)

26
Q

Iliopsoas

A

hip flexion

muscle of the lower limb

27
Q

Adductor muscles

A

adduct the thighs

muscle of the lower limb

28
Q

Sartorius

A

flexes the thigh

muscle of the lower limb

29
Q

Hamstring group - thigh extension and knee flexion

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Extend leg and flex the knee

30
Q

Quadriceps group - extends the knee

A
Rectus femoris (also flexes hip)
Vastus muscles (three)
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
31
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexion

32
Q

Gastrocnemeus

A

plantar flexion (and weak knee flexor)

33
Q

Soleus

A

plantar flexion

34
Q

Extensor

A

Extensors are muscle types that cause extension, which increases the angle of the joint, thus moving two bones farther apart.

35
Q

A tissue with striations and many flattened nuclei under the plasma membrane in each cell would be called _______.

A

Skeletal muscle