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AESTHETICS > Skin Analysis / Fitzpatrick > Flashcards

Skin Analysis / Fitzpatrick Flashcards

Knowledge of skin types, their conditions, and contraindications. Understanding the Fitzpatrick Scale and how to conduct a proper skin analysis.

1
Q

Why is it IMPORTANT for estheticians to have a thorough UNDERSTANDING of SKIN ANALYSIS?

A

SKIN ANALYSES are the DETERMINING factor in deciding what PRODUCTS to use during the SERVICE and which PRODUCTS to RECOMMEND for HOME USE

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2
Q

Why is identifying HEALTHY HABITS and BEHAVIORS in clients an ESSENTIAL skill?

A

This skill gives estheticians a better UNDERSTANDING of how to HELP clients with their SKIN

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3
Q

Which term is a CLASSIFICATION that describes a person’s GENETIC skin ATTRIBUTES?

A

Skin Type

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4
Q

How is SKIN TYPE determined?

A

GENETICS and ETHNICITY

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5
Q

Why does SKIN become DRIER over TIME?

A

Our CELLULAR METABOLISM and OIL/LIPID production slow down as we AGE

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6
Q

SKIN TYPES are BASED off of ___…

A

…how much OIL is produced in the FOLLICLES from the SEBACEOUS GLANDS and how many LIPIDS are found between CELLS

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7
Q

Which term describes the CENTER area of the FACE, corresponding to a shape, formed by the FOREHEAD, NOSE, and CHIN?

A

the T-Zone

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8
Q

What is the FIRST STEP in determining a client’s SKIN TYPE?

A

EVALUATING the PORES in the T-ZONE

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9
Q

What is ONE COMMON factor/similarity ALL SKIN TYPES have?

A

ALL skin types NEED PROPER CLEANSING, EXFOLIATING, HYDRATION, and PROTECTION

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10
Q

Which term describes EXAMINING the SKIN through TOUCH, such as MANIPULATION, to determine CONDITIONS like OILINESS and ELASTICITY?

A

Palpation

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11
Q

The 4 Skin Types

A

Continue to following cards for list

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12
Q

Normal Type

A

Oil: BALANCED
Hydration: BALANCED
Follicle Size: VERY SMALL
Appearance: Uniform Luminosity; NO/RARE blemishes
Touch: Soft, smooth TEXTURE. Good ELASTICITY

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13
Q

Combination Type

A

Oil: MODERATE to HIGH
Hydration: GOOD to DEHYDRATED
Follicle Size: LARGER in T-ZONE than CHEEKS and SIDES of FACE
Appearance: Can have buildup of DEAD skin and OIL in pores around NOSE but DRY or FLAKING skin outside of T-ZONE. SOME blemishes and comedones
Touch: OILIER in CENTER T-zone than SIDES of face

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14
Q

Oily Type

A

Oil: MODERATE to HIGH
Hydration: GOOD to DEHYDRATED
Follicle Size: MODERATE to LARGE
Appearance: SHINY, comedones and blemishes are PRESENT
Touch: THICK and FIRM. UNEVEN due to CONGESTION

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15
Q

Dry Type

A

Oil: MINIMAL production
Hydration: MINIMAL production
Follicle Size: difficult to vizualize, FINE pores
Appearance: DULL, LACK of luminosity, FLAKING and BLOTCHY
Touch: ROUGH, THIN, and TIGHT

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16
Q

The 4 Skin Type TREATMENT PLANS

A

Continue to following cards for list

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17
Q

Normal Type Plan

A

MAINTENANCE and PREVENTIVE treatments. CLEANSING, EXFOLIATING, NOURISHMENT, and PROTECTION

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18
Q

Combination Type Plan

A

CLEANSING and REGULAR EXFOLIATION. ONLY WATER-based products. AVOID HARSH products and ROUGH exfoliation

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19
Q

Oily Type Plan

A

REGULAR CLEANSING, EXFOLIATION, and HYDRATION with WATER-based products. Treatments to BALANCE OIL production

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20
Q

Dry Type Plan

A

OIL-based products to provide PROTECTION of the ACID MANTLE and INCREASE BARRIER function. Often has compromised TEWL. Treatments to PROVIDE NOURISHMENT and PROTECTION

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21
Q

Which term describes a SCALE used to MEASURE the SKIN TYPE’S ability to tolerate ULTRAVIOLET (UV) EXPOSURE?

A

the Fitzpatrick Scale

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22
Q

IMPORTANT ✍🏼

A

MANY skin treatment PROTOCOLS are BASED on a client’s FITZPATRICK skin TYPE

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23
Q

Why does EVERY client’s skin react DIFFERENTLY to skin treatments?

A

EVERYONE’S SKIN REACTIVITY is different. (ex. LIGHTER skin types are GENERALLY more SENSITIVE to the SUN while DARKER skin is less SENSITIVE)

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24
Q

The 6 Fitzpatrick Skin Types

A

Continue to following cards for the scale

TIP: GENERAL GUIDELINE

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25
Q

Fitzpatrick Type 1 (Lightest)

A

Eyes: Blue, Green
Hair: Blonde, Red
Unexposed Skin: VERY White, almost TRANSLUCENT, Freckles
Heritage Heredity: English, Irish, Scottish, Northern European
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: ALWAYS burns, PEELS with BURN, DOES NOT TAN

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26
Q

Fitzpatrick Type 2

A

Eyes: Blue, Hazel, Brown
Hair: Red, Blonde, Brown
Unexposed Skin: LIGHT
Heritage Heredity: Scandinavian, same as Type 1
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: BURNS EASILY, USUALLY PEELS, TANS MINIMALLY

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27
Q

Fitzpatrick Type 3

A

Eyes: Brown
Hair: Dark
Unexposed Skin: Fair to Olive
Heritage Heredity: Spanish, Greek, Italian
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: TANS WELL, BURNS MODERATELY

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28
Q

Fitzpatrick Type 4

A

Eyes: Dark
Hair: Dark
Unexposed Skin: Light Brown
Heritage Heredity: Mediterranean, Asian, Hispanic
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: TANS EASILY, BURNS MINIMALLY, experiences IMMEDIATE PIGMENT response

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29
Q

Fitzpatrick Type 5

A

Eyes: Dark
Hair: Dark
Unexposed Skin: Dark Brown
Heritage Heredity: East Indian, American Indian, Hispanic, Latin American, African American
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: RARELY BURNS, TANS EASILY and SIGNIFICANTLY

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30
Q

Fitzpatrick Type 6 (Darkest)

A

Eyes: Dark
Hair: Dark
Unexposed Skin: Dark Brown, Black
Heritage Heredity: African American, Aboriginal
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: RARELY/NEVER BURNS, TANS EASILY

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31
Q

What is SENSITIVE skin CHARACTERIZED by?

A

FRAGILITY, THIN skin, and REDNESS. Can be GENETICALLY PREDISPOSED but can also appear due to INTRINSIC/EXTRINSIC FACTORS

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32
Q

Which INDIVIDUALS (SKIN TYPES) are SENSITIVE?

A

INDIVIDUALS with Fitzpatrick Type 1 and MULITCULTURAL skin

TIP: CAN be SENSITIVE without VISIBLE SIGNS

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33
Q

Which term describes VISIBLE BROKEN or DISTENDED CAPILLARIES, less than 0.5 MM, due to INTRINSIC/EXTRINSIC CAUSES? (Hint: may be noticeable on SENSITIVE SKIN)

A

Telangiectasia

TIP: PROTECTIVE VISIBLE REACTION of IRRITATION on skin

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34
Q

TRUE or FALSE: FRAGILE or THIN skin can be the RESULT of AGE or MEDICATIONS

A

TRUE

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35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: SKIN CANNOT become REACTIVE and SENSITIZED from EXPOSURE to HARSH products, HEAT, or CLIMATE

A

FALSE. SKIN CAN become REACTIVE and SENSITIZED from EXPOSURE to HARSH products, HEAT, or CLIMATE

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36
Q

Why can SENSITIVE/SENSITIZED skin be DIFFICULT to TREAT?

A

SENSITIVE skin has LOW TOLERANCE to PRODUCTS and STIMULATION. EXCESSIVE RUBBING, HEAT, EXFOLIATION, and EXTRACTIONS can cause DAMAGE and REDNESS

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37
Q

All Fitzpatrick skin types have the SAME NUMBER of ____

A

Melanocytes

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38
Q

Which SKIN TYPE on the FITZPATRICK SCALE is the HARDEST/most CHALLENGING to treat?

A

Fitzpatrick Type 4

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39
Q

Why is the SKIN on the NECK/DECOLLETE NOT the same as the SKIN on the face?

A

The NECK and DECOLLETE have fewer/LESS SEBACEOUS GLANDS than the FACE (which tends to age faster)

TIP: MORE PRONE to IRRITATION

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40
Q

Which term describes a NEW PHENOMENON caused by the REPEATED movement of LOOKING DOWN at an electronic DEVICE?

A

Tech Neck

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41
Q

IMPORTANT

A

Many INTERNAL/EXTERNAL factors AFFECT the CONDITION of a client’s SKIN. Skin conditions are MORE than just our GENETIC MAKEUP

42
Q

Skin Conditions and their Descriptions

A

Continue to the following cards for list

43
Q

Acne

A

Sebaceous breakouts from hormonal changes/other factors

44
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

A rough area resulting from chronic sun exposure, sometimes with a layered scale or scab that occasionally falls off. Can be precancerous.

45
Q

Aging

A

Characterized by skin laxity due to collagen and bone loss, thinner skin, dryness, photo damage, and fine lines/wrinkles (rhytids)

46
Q

Asphyxiated

A

Characterized by clogged pores and wrinkles; dull and lifeless looking. Can be yellowish or gray in color. (Ex. smokers can have asphyxiated skin due to a lack of oxygen)

47
Q

Comedones

A

OPEN comedones are blackheads and clogged pores caused by a buildup of debris, oil, and dead skin cells in the follicles. CLOSED comedones, also called WHITEHEADS, are not open to the air or oxygen; they are trapped by dead skin cells and need to be exfoliated and extracted.

48
Q

Couperose Skin

A

Redness in the skin with no visible vascularity because the matting of blood vessels is so small and fine. Often seen with telangiectasia.

49
Q

Cysts

A

Fluid, infection, or other matter under the skin that is encapsulated into a palpable firm mass of varying sizes, from a pea to a golf ball.

50
Q

Dehydrated

A

Lack of water caused by the environment, medications, topical agents, aging, or dehydrating drinks such as caffeine and alcohol

51
Q

Enlarged Pores

A

Larger follicles due to excess oil and debris trapped in the follicles or expansion due to elasticity loss or trauma

52
Q

Erythema

A

Redness caused by inflammation

53
Q

Growths

A

Skin cells and underlying tissue that overproduce and create an area that could be raised ot flat, but can be distinguished with palpation. They may be the same colorm as surrounding tissue or may be pigmented. They can be present at brith or develop later in life.

54
Q

Herpes Simplex I

A

A communicable virus that appears as a vesicle on the lip similar to a blister.

55
Q

Hyperkeratinization

A

An excessive buildup of dead skin cells/keratinized cells

56
Q

HYPERpigmentation

A

Overproduction of melanin due to at least one of three factors:
1) UV Exposure: from the sun, tanning beds, fluorescent lighting. This usually appears as diffuse brown spots of various shades on the skin
2) Hormonally induced: also called melasma
3) Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation: also called PIH; occurs from a surface injury to the skin. Acne lesions, insect bites, and ingrown hairs are common causes of PIH. They can appear deep red, almost purple, to dark brown in color. They can gradually fade.

57
Q

HYPOpigmentation

A

Lack of melanin production due to four possible factors:
1) UV Induced: intermingled with UV-induced HYPERpigmentation. No treatment options, but lightening the HYPERpigmentation will usually blend the HYPOpigmented areas so they are less noticeable
2) Posttraumatic: lack of melanocyte production due to an injury, burn, or other trauma, including a deep chemical peel. Melanocytes may begin producing again over time, but the length of time is undetermined.
3) Vitiligo: an autoimmune disorder that stops melanocyte production, creating patches of depigmented skin. Topical perscription drugs can occasionally trigger rejuvenation of the melanocytes.
4) Albinism: a hereditary disorder causling lack of pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair

58
Q

Irritation

A

Usually redness or inflammation, from a variety of causes

59
Q

Keratosis Pilaris

A

Excess buildup of cells on the skin that produce a rough texture

60
Q

Melasma

A

A form of HYPERpigmentation that is characterized by bilateral patches of brown pigmentation on the cheeks, jawline, forehead, and upper lip; due to hormonal imbalances, such as pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Melasma gets worse with sun exposure.

61
Q

Milia

A

Hardened, pearl-like collections of oil and dead skin cells trapped beneath the surface of the skin. Milia are not exposed to oxygen and have to be lanced to open and remove them. Milia are typically the size of the head of a pin.

62
Q

Papules

A

Raised lesions; also called blemishes

63
Q

Poikiloderma of Civatte

A

A result of chronic sun exposure, specifically along the sides of the neck, which turn a reddish-brown color with a clear demarcation of untanned skin under the chin.

64
Q

Poor Elasticity

A

Skin laxity from damage, sun, and aging.

65
Q

Pustules

A

An infected papule with fluid inside

66
Q

Scar

A

A mark on the skin where a wound, burn, or sore has healed and left a fibrous band of connective tissue, sometimes HYPERpigmented or HYPOpigmented.

67
Q

Sebaceous Hyperplasia

A

Benign lesions seen in oilier areas of the face; described as looking like doughnut holes; cannot be extracted.

68
Q

Seborrhea

A

Excess oil production that causes redness, irritation, and flaking. Occurs most commonly in the hair as dandruff (also known as Seborrheic Dermatitis)

69
Q

Sensitivities

A

Physical reactions, such as erythema, edema, wheals, itching, stinging, or discomfort, from internal or external influence on the skin.

70
Q

Solar Comedones

A

Large open comedones; usually around the eyes, due to sun exposure.

71
Q

Striae (stretch marks)

A

Dermal scars due to rapid expansion or stretching of connective tissue leaving deep red, pink, or purple linear marks on the skin that gradually fade to light pink or silver over time. They often occur during growth phases in puberty, pregnancy, and weight gain.

72
Q

Sun Damage

A

UV damage to the epidermis and dermis. Primary effects are wrinkles, collagen/elastin breakdown, pigmentation, and cancer

73
Q

Wrinkles (Rhytids)

A

Lines and damage from internal or external causes.

74
Q

What FACTORS play a PART in our SKIN HEALTH? (Hint: INTERNAL factors)

A

HABITS, DIET, STRESS, DEHYDRATION, VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES, GENETICS/HORMONES, PREGNANCY, and MENOPAUSE

75
Q

What FACTORS can ALSO cause SKIN CONDITIONS? (Hint: EXTERNAL factors)

A

Allergies/Reactions, Medications/Drugs, and Medical Conditions, Sun Damage, Poor Maintenance, Photosensitivity

76
Q

Which EXTRINSIC factors is the MAIN CAUSE of SKIN AGING?

A

Sun Damage/UV Exposure

77
Q

Which term describes FACTORS that PROHIBIT a treatment from being PERFORMED or the USE of CERTAIN skin care PRODUCTS?

A

Contraindications

78
Q

Contraindications for Skin Treatments

A

Continue to the following cards for list

79
Q

Certain Skin Diseases, Disorders, or Irritations

A

Must be considered individually based on the client’s overall health.

80
Q

Use of Isotretinoin

A

Client must have completed Isotretinoin six months prior.

81
Q

Skin-Thinning or Exfoliating Topical Medication

A

Includes Retin-A, Renova, Tazorac, Differin, or other forms of vitamin A. Avoid waxing, exfoliation, and peeling treatments for a minimum of a week.

82
Q

Pregnancy

A

No electrical treatments, chemical peels, or aggressive ingredients, without the client’s medical provider’s written permission. Some pregnant clients may experience sensitivities from waxing.

83
Q

Metal Bone Pins or Plates in the Body

A

Avoid ALL electrical treatments in the area where the pin or plate is located. Medical professional consent is needed prior to treatment.

84
Q

Pacemakers or Heart Irregularities

A

Avoid ALL electrical treatments that require a grounding pad.

85
Q

Allergies

A

Any allergic substances listed on the health history from should be STRICTLY avoided. Become knowledgeable about ingredients. Clients with an allergy to aspirin should NOT use products or have treatments with salicylic acid. They are both derived from willow bark. Clients with multiple allergies should use fragrance-free products designed for sensitive skin

86
Q

Seizures or Epilepsy

A

Avoid ALL electrical and light-based treatments that pulsate. Medical professional consent is BEST prior to treatment if the client has history of seizures.

87
Q

Use of Oral Steroids (cortisones) such as Prednisone

A

Avoid ANY stimulating, exfoliating treatments or waxing, as skin may be more fragile and bruise easier until the client has been off medication for a minimum of two weeks.

88
Q

Autoimmune Diseases such as Lupus, Vitiligo…

A

Avoid ANY harsh, stimulating treatments, or skin care products.

89
Q

Diabetes

A

People with diabetes who do NOT have good control of their insulin levels will experience slow healing. If people with diabetes are experiencing neuropathy, nerve damage to the extremities, they may NOT feel pain in the affected area. If you are in doubt, get approval from the client’s medical provider before treatment.

90
Q

Blood Thinners, including NSAIDs

A

Use caution when performing extractions or when waxing. NSAIDs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; over-the-counter medication used to reduce inflammation. (Ex. ibuprofen)

91
Q

IMPORTANT

A

The MORE you know about your cleint through CONSULATIONS, FORMS, and CONVERSATION, the MORE you can make APPROPRIAYE recommendations for SKIN CARE and TREATMENTS

92
Q

Which CLIENT FORM discloses the client’s HEALTH HISTORY, PRODUCTS/MEDICATIONS, their HOME SKIN CARE ROUTINE, and any ALLERGIES/SENSITIVITIES?

A

the Intake Form

93
Q

Which CLIENT FORM is a customary WRITTEN AGREEMENT between the ESTHETICIAN and CLIENT for applying a TREATMENT, whether ROUTINE or PREOPERATIVE? (Hint: releases estheticians from LIABILITY)

A

the Consent Form

94
Q

Which CLIENT FORM is a RECORD of all your NOTES from the SKIN ANALYSIS, TREATMENT/SERVICE performed, PRODUCTS used, SKIN CARE GOALS, HOME CARE recommendations, and other CONSULTATION NOTES?

A

the Client Chart/Service Record Card

95
Q

Identifying CONDITIONS and CONTRAINDICATIONS, as well as providing THOROUGH CONSULTATIONS and charting CLIENT NOTES, are all ELEMENTS of…

A

…GOOD esthetic practices

96
Q

IMPORTANT

A

Even if there are NO OBVIOUS VISIBLE CHANGES, skin care TREATMENTS have POSITIVE BENEFITS and DO make a DIFFERENCE

97
Q

TRUE or FALSE: the best TOOL for ANALYZING the SKIN is a MAGNIFYING LAMP/LIGHT

A

TRUE

98
Q

Which term describes a FILTERED BLACK LIGHT that is used to ILLUMINATE SKIN DISORDERS, FUNGI, BACTERIAL DISORDERS, and deeper LEVELS of PIGMENTATION?

A

Wood’s Lamp

99
Q

What is the PRIMARY SOURCE of SKIN DISORDERS?

A

INTERNAL and EXTERNAL sources

100
Q

What is the RESULT of ALBINISM?

A

HYPOpigmentation

AESTHETICS (23 decks)

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