Skin Analysis / Fitzpatrick Flashcards
Knowledge of skin types, their conditions, and contraindications. Understanding the Fitzpatrick Scale and how to conduct a proper skin analysis.
1
Q
Why is it IMPORTANT for estheticians to have a thorough UNDERSTANDING of SKIN ANALYSIS?
A
SKIN ANALYSES are the DETERMINING factor in deciding what PRODUCTS to use during the SERVICE and which PRODUCTS to RECOMMEND for HOME USE
2
Q
Why is identifying HEALTHY HABITS and BEHAVIORS in clients an ESSENTIAL skill?
A
This skill gives estheticians a better UNDERSTANDING of how to HELP clients with their SKIN
3
Q
Which term is a CLASSIFICATION that describes a person’s GENETIC skin ATTRIBUTES?
A
Skin Type
4
Q
How is SKIN TYPE determined?
A
GENETICS and ETHNICITY
5
Q
Why does SKIN become DRIER over TIME?
A
Our CELLULAR METABOLISM and OIL/LIPID production slow down as we AGE
6
Q
SKIN TYPES are BASED off of ___…
A
…how much OIL is produced in the FOLLICLES from the SEBACEOUS GLANDS and how many LIPIDS are found between CELLS
7
Q
Which term describes the CENTER area of the FACE, corresponding to a shape, formed by the FOREHEAD, NOSE, and CHIN?
A
the T-Zone
8
Q
What is the FIRST STEP in determining a client’s SKIN TYPE?
A
EVALUATING the PORES in the T-ZONE
9
Q
What is ONE COMMON factor/similarity ALL SKIN TYPES have?
A
ALL skin types NEED PROPER CLEANSING, EXFOLIATING, HYDRATION, and PROTECTION
10
Q
Which term describes EXAMINING the SKIN through TOUCH, such as MANIPULATION, to determine CONDITIONS like OILINESS and ELASTICITY?
A
Palpation
11
Q
The 4 Skin Types
A
Continue to following cards for list
12
Q
Normal Type
A
Oil: BALANCED
Hydration: BALANCED
Follicle Size: VERY SMALL
Appearance: Uniform Luminosity; NO/RARE blemishes
Touch: Soft, smooth TEXTURE. Good ELASTICITY
13
Q
Combination Type
A
Oil: MODERATE to HIGH
Hydration: GOOD to DEHYDRATED
Follicle Size: LARGER in T-ZONE than CHEEKS and SIDES of FACE
Appearance: Can have buildup of DEAD skin and OIL in pores around NOSE but DRY or FLAKING skin outside of T-ZONE. SOME blemishes and comedones
Touch: OILIER in CENTER T-zone than SIDES of face
14
Q
Oily Type
A
Oil: MODERATE to HIGH
Hydration: GOOD to DEHYDRATED
Follicle Size: MODERATE to LARGE
Appearance: SHINY, comedones and blemishes are PRESENT
Touch: THICK and FIRM. UNEVEN due to CONGESTION
15
Q
Dry Type
A
Oil: MINIMAL production
Hydration: MINIMAL production
Follicle Size: difficult to vizualize, FINE pores
Appearance: DULL, LACK of luminosity, FLAKING and BLOTCHY
Touch: ROUGH, THIN, and TIGHT
16
Q
The 4 Skin Type TREATMENT PLANS
A
Continue to following cards for list
17
Q
Normal Type Plan
A
MAINTENANCE and PREVENTIVE treatments. CLEANSING, EXFOLIATING, NOURISHMENT, and PROTECTION
18
Q
Combination Type Plan
A
CLEANSING and REGULAR EXFOLIATION. ONLY WATER-based products. AVOID HARSH products and ROUGH exfoliation
19
Q
Oily Type Plan
A
REGULAR CLEANSING, EXFOLIATION, and HYDRATION with WATER-based products. Treatments to BALANCE OIL production
20
Q
Dry Type Plan
A
OIL-based products to provide PROTECTION of the ACID MANTLE and INCREASE BARRIER function. Often has compromised TEWL. Treatments to PROVIDE NOURISHMENT and PROTECTION
21
Q
Which term describes a SCALE used to MEASURE the SKIN TYPE’S ability to tolerate ULTRAVIOLET (UV) EXPOSURE?
A
the Fitzpatrick Scale
22
Q
IMPORTANT ✍🏼
A
MANY skin treatment PROTOCOLS are BASED on a client’s FITZPATRICK skin TYPE
23
Q
Why does EVERY client’s skin react DIFFERENTLY to skin treatments?
A
EVERYONE’S SKIN REACTIVITY is different. (ex. LIGHTER skin types are GENERALLY more SENSITIVE to the SUN while DARKER skin is less SENSITIVE)
24
Q
The 6 Fitzpatrick Skin Types
A
Continue to following cards for the scale
TIP: GENERAL GUIDELINE
25
Fitzpatrick Type 1 (Lightest)
Eyes: Blue, Green
Hair: Blonde, Red
Unexposed Skin: VERY White, almost TRANSLUCENT, Freckles
Heritage Heredity: English, Irish, Scottish, Northern European
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: ALWAYS burns, PEELS with BURN, DOES NOT TAN
26
Fitzpatrick Type 2
Eyes: Blue, Hazel, Brown
Hair: Red, Blonde, Brown
Unexposed Skin: LIGHT
Heritage Heredity: Scandinavian, same as Type 1
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: BURNS EASILY, USUALLY PEELS, TANS MINIMALLY
27
Fitzpatrick Type 3
Eyes: Brown
Hair: Dark
Unexposed Skin: Fair to Olive
Heritage Heredity: Spanish, Greek, Italian
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: TANS WELL, BURNS MODERATELY
28
Fitzpatrick Type 4
Eyes: Dark
Hair: Dark
Unexposed Skin: Light Brown
Heritage Heredity: Mediterranean, Asian, Hispanic
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: TANS EASILY, BURNS MINIMALLY, experiences IMMEDIATE PIGMENT response
29
Fitzpatrick Type 5
Eyes: Dark
Hair: Dark
Unexposed Skin: Dark Brown
Heritage Heredity: East Indian, American Indian, Hispanic, Latin American, African American
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: RARELY BURNS, TANS EASILY and SIGNIFICANTLY
30
Fitzpatrick Type 6 (Darkest)
Eyes: Dark
Hair: Dark
Unexposed Skin: Dark Brown, Black
Heritage Heredity: African American, Aboriginal
Skin Reaction in UV Exposure: RARELY/NEVER BURNS, TANS EASILY
31
What is SENSITIVE skin CHARACTERIZED by?
FRAGILITY, THIN skin, and REDNESS. Can be GENETICALLY PREDISPOSED but can also appear due to INTRINSIC/EXTRINSIC FACTORS
32
Which INDIVIDUALS (SKIN TYPES) are SENSITIVE?
INDIVIDUALS with Fitzpatrick Type 1 and MULITCULTURAL skin
| TIP: CAN be SENSITIVE without VISIBLE SIGNS
33
Which term describes VISIBLE BROKEN or DISTENDED CAPILLARIES, less than 0.5 MM, due to INTRINSIC/EXTRINSIC CAUSES? (Hint: may be noticeable on SENSITIVE SKIN)
Telangiectasia
| TIP: PROTECTIVE VISIBLE REACTION of IRRITATION on skin
34
TRUE or FALSE: FRAGILE or THIN skin can be the RESULT of AGE or MEDICATIONS
TRUE
35
TRUE OR FALSE: SKIN CANNOT become REACTIVE and SENSITIZED from EXPOSURE to HARSH products, HEAT, or CLIMATE
FALSE. SKIN CAN become REACTIVE and SENSITIZED from EXPOSURE to HARSH products, HEAT, or CLIMATE
36
Why can SENSITIVE/SENSITIZED skin be DIFFICULT to TREAT?
SENSITIVE skin has LOW TOLERANCE to PRODUCTS and STIMULATION. EXCESSIVE RUBBING, HEAT, EXFOLIATION, and EXTRACTIONS can cause DAMAGE and REDNESS
37
All Fitzpatrick skin types have the SAME NUMBER of ____
Melanocytes
38
Which SKIN TYPE on the FITZPATRICK SCALE is the HARDEST/most CHALLENGING to treat?
Fitzpatrick Type 4
39
Why is the SKIN on the NECK/DECOLLETE NOT the same as the SKIN on the face?
The NECK and DECOLLETE have fewer/LESS SEBACEOUS GLANDS than the FACE (which tends to age faster)
| TIP: MORE PRONE to IRRITATION
40
Which term describes a NEW PHENOMENON caused by the REPEATED movement of LOOKING DOWN at an electronic DEVICE?
Tech Neck
41
IMPORTANT
Many INTERNAL/EXTERNAL factors AFFECT the CONDITION of a client's SKIN. Skin conditions are MORE than just our GENETIC MAKEUP
42
Skin Conditions and their Descriptions
Continue to the following cards for list
43
Acne
Sebaceous breakouts from hormonal changes/other factors
44
Actinic Keratosis
A rough area resulting from chronic sun exposure, sometimes with a layered scale or scab that occasionally falls off. Can be precancerous.
45
Aging
Characterized by skin laxity due to collagen and bone loss, thinner skin, dryness, photo damage, and fine lines/wrinkles (rhytids)
46
Asphyxiated
Characterized by clogged pores and wrinkles; dull and lifeless looking. Can be yellowish or gray in color. (Ex. smokers can have asphyxiated skin due to a lack of oxygen)
47
Comedones
OPEN comedones are blackheads and clogged pores caused by a buildup of debris, oil, and dead skin cells in the follicles. CLOSED comedones, also called WHITEHEADS, are not open to the air or oxygen; they are trapped by dead skin cells and need to be exfoliated and extracted.
48
Couperose Skin
Redness in the skin with no visible vascularity because the matting of blood vessels is so small and fine. Often seen with telangiectasia.
49
Cysts
Fluid, infection, or other matter under the skin that is encapsulated into a palpable firm mass of varying sizes, from a pea to a golf ball.
50
Dehydrated
Lack of water caused by the environment, medications, topical agents, aging, or dehydrating drinks such as caffeine and alcohol
51
Enlarged Pores
Larger follicles due to excess oil and debris trapped in the follicles or expansion due to elasticity loss or trauma
52
Erythema
Redness caused by inflammation
53
Growths
Skin cells and underlying tissue that overproduce and create an area that could be raised ot flat, but can be distinguished with palpation. They may be the same colorm as surrounding tissue or may be pigmented. They can be present at brith or develop later in life.
54
Herpes Simplex I
A communicable virus that appears as a vesicle on the lip similar to a blister.
55
Hyperkeratinization
An excessive buildup of dead skin cells/keratinized cells
56
HYPERpigmentation
Overproduction of melanin due to at least one of three factors:
1) UV Exposure: from the sun, tanning beds, fluorescent lighting. This usually appears as diffuse brown spots of various shades on the skin
2) Hormonally induced: also called melasma
3) Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation: also called PIH; occurs from a surface injury to the skin. Acne lesions, insect bites, and ingrown hairs are common causes of PIH. They can appear deep red, almost purple, to dark brown in color. They can gradually fade.
57
HYPOpigmentation
Lack of melanin production due to four possible factors:
1) UV Induced: intermingled with UV-induced HYPERpigmentation. No treatment options, but lightening the HYPERpigmentation will usually blend the HYPOpigmented areas so they are less noticeable
2) Posttraumatic: lack of melanocyte production due to an injury, burn, or other trauma, including a deep chemical peel. Melanocytes may begin producing again over time, but the length of time is undetermined.
3) Vitiligo: an autoimmune disorder that stops melanocyte production, creating patches of depigmented skin. Topical perscription drugs can occasionally trigger rejuvenation of the melanocytes.
4) Albinism: a hereditary disorder causling lack of pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair
58
Irritation
Usually redness or inflammation, from a variety of causes
59
Keratosis Pilaris
Excess buildup of cells on the skin that produce a rough texture
60
Melasma
A form of HYPERpigmentation that is characterized by bilateral patches of brown pigmentation on the cheeks, jawline, forehead, and upper lip; due to hormonal imbalances, such as pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Melasma gets worse with sun exposure.
61
Milia
Hardened, pearl-like collections of oil and dead skin cells trapped beneath the surface of the skin. Milia are not exposed to oxygen and have to be lanced to open and remove them. Milia are typically the size of the head of a pin.
62
Papules
Raised lesions; also called blemishes
63
Poikiloderma of Civatte
A result of chronic sun exposure, specifically along the sides of the neck, which turn a reddish-brown color with a clear demarcation of untanned skin under the chin.
64
Poor Elasticity
Skin laxity from damage, sun, and aging.
65
Pustules
An infected papule with fluid inside
66
Scar
A mark on the skin where a wound, burn, or sore has healed and left a fibrous band of connective tissue, sometimes HYPERpigmented or HYPOpigmented.
67
Sebaceous Hyperplasia
Benign lesions seen in oilier areas of the face; described as looking like doughnut holes; cannot be extracted.
68
Seborrhea
Excess oil production that causes redness, irritation, and flaking. Occurs most commonly in the hair as dandruff (also known as Seborrheic Dermatitis)
69
Sensitivities
Physical reactions, such as erythema, edema, wheals, itching, stinging, or discomfort, from internal or external influence on the skin.
70
Solar Comedones
Large open comedones; usually around the eyes, due to sun exposure.
71
Striae (stretch marks)
Dermal scars due to rapid expansion or stretching of connective tissue leaving deep red, pink, or purple linear marks on the skin that gradually fade to light pink or silver over time. They often occur during growth phases in puberty, pregnancy, and weight gain.
72
Sun Damage
UV damage to the epidermis and dermis. Primary effects are wrinkles, collagen/elastin breakdown, pigmentation, and cancer
73
Wrinkles (Rhytids)
Lines and damage from internal or external causes.
74
What FACTORS play a PART in our SKIN HEALTH? (Hint: INTERNAL factors)
HABITS, DIET, STRESS, DEHYDRATION, VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES, GENETICS/HORMONES, PREGNANCY, and MENOPAUSE
75
What FACTORS can ALSO cause SKIN CONDITIONS? (Hint: EXTERNAL factors)
Allergies/Reactions, Medications/Drugs, and Medical Conditions, Sun Damage, Poor Maintenance, Photosensitivity
76
Which EXTRINSIC factors is the MAIN CAUSE of SKIN AGING?
Sun Damage/UV Exposure
77
Which term describes FACTORS that PROHIBIT a treatment from being PERFORMED or the USE of CERTAIN skin care PRODUCTS?
Contraindications
78
Contraindications for Skin Treatments
Continue to the following cards for list
79
Certain Skin Diseases, Disorders, or Irritations
Must be considered individually based on the client's overall health.
80
Use of Isotretinoin
Client must have completed Isotretinoin six months prior.
81
Skin-Thinning or Exfoliating Topical Medication
Includes Retin-A, Renova, Tazorac, Differin, or other forms of vitamin A. Avoid waxing, exfoliation, and peeling treatments for a minimum of a week.
82
Pregnancy
No electrical treatments, chemical peels, or aggressive ingredients, without the client's medical provider's written permission. Some pregnant clients may experience sensitivities from waxing.
83
Metal Bone Pins or Plates in the Body
Avoid ALL electrical treatments in the area where the pin or plate is located. Medical professional consent is needed prior to treatment.
84
Pacemakers or Heart Irregularities
Avoid ALL electrical treatments that require a grounding pad.
85
Allergies
Any allergic substances listed on the health history from should be STRICTLY avoided. Become knowledgeable about ingredients. Clients with an allergy to aspirin should NOT use products or have treatments with salicylic acid. They are both derived from willow bark. Clients with multiple allergies should use fragrance-free products designed for sensitive skin
86
Seizures or Epilepsy
Avoid ALL electrical and light-based treatments that pulsate. Medical professional consent is BEST prior to treatment if the client has history of seizures.
87
Use of Oral Steroids (cortisones) such as Prednisone
Avoid ANY stimulating, exfoliating treatments or waxing, as skin may be more fragile and bruise easier until the client has been off medication for a minimum of two weeks.
88
Autoimmune Diseases such as Lupus, Vitiligo...
Avoid ANY harsh, stimulating treatments, or skin care products.
89
Diabetes
People with diabetes who do NOT have good control of their insulin levels will experience slow healing. If people with diabetes are experiencing neuropathy, nerve damage to the extremities, they may NOT feel pain in the affected area. If you are in doubt, get approval from the client's medical provider before treatment.
90
Blood Thinners, including NSAIDs
Use caution when performing extractions or when waxing. NSAIDs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; over-the-counter medication used to reduce inflammation. (Ex. ibuprofen)
91
IMPORTANT
The MORE you know about your cleint through CONSULATIONS, FORMS, and CONVERSATION, the MORE you can make APPROPRIAYE recommendations for SKIN CARE and TREATMENTS
92
Which CLIENT FORM discloses the client's HEALTH HISTORY, PRODUCTS/MEDICATIONS, their HOME SKIN CARE ROUTINE, and any ALLERGIES/SENSITIVITIES?
the Intake Form
93
Which CLIENT FORM is a customary WRITTEN AGREEMENT between the ESTHETICIAN and CLIENT for applying a TREATMENT, whether ROUTINE or PREOPERATIVE? (Hint: releases estheticians from LIABILITY)
the Consent Form
94
Which CLIENT FORM is a RECORD of all your NOTES from the SKIN ANALYSIS, TREATMENT/SERVICE performed, PRODUCTS used, SKIN CARE GOALS, HOME CARE recommendations, and other CONSULTATION NOTES?
the Client Chart/Service Record Card
95
Identifying CONDITIONS and CONTRAINDICATIONS, as well as providing THOROUGH CONSULTATIONS and charting CLIENT NOTES, are all ELEMENTS of...
...GOOD esthetic practices
96
IMPORTANT
Even if there are NO OBVIOUS VISIBLE CHANGES, skin care TREATMENTS have POSITIVE BENEFITS and DO make a DIFFERENCE
97
TRUE or FALSE: the best TOOL for ANALYZING the SKIN is a MAGNIFYING LAMP/LIGHT
TRUE
98
Which term describes a FILTERED BLACK LIGHT that is used to ILLUMINATE SKIN DISORDERS, FUNGI, BACTERIAL DISORDERS, and deeper LEVELS of PIGMENTATION?
Wood's Lamp
99
What is the PRIMARY SOURCE of SKIN DISORDERS?
INTERNAL and EXTERNAL sources
100
What is the RESULT of ALBINISM?
HYPOpigmentation
