Makeup Essentials / Basics Flashcards
Knowledge of fundamental basics of skin tone, makeup application, and color theory/wheel. Essentials can boost client confidence and appearance for aesthetic purposes
Why do estheticians need to have a thorough understanding of makeup?
The understanding of products, color theory, makeup techniques, and facial feature analysis are all apart of being a successful MUA. Makeup knowledge and application skills add another element of expertise and confidence to your repertoire that can grow your clientele, sales, and lead to a diverse and stable career.
The color wheel is based off of THREE PRIMARY colors. Identify those 3 colors
RED, YELLOW, and BLUE
What is a term that refers to any color in its purest form, lacking any shade (black) or tint (white)?
Hue
What are the SECONDARY COLORS of the color wheel and HOW are they made?
Secondary colors are ORANGE, GREEN, and VIOLET. They are made by mixing primary colors together
What are TERTIARY colors and HOW are they made?
Tertiary colors are made by mixing equal amounts of a primary and secondary color. Yellow-Orange, Yellow-Green, Blue-Green, Blue-Violet, Red-Violet, and Red-Orange are all examples of tertiary colors
What are COMPLEMENTARY colors and what is their IMPORTANCE?
Colors that are directly across from each other on the color wheel. They help create distinct contrast, with each color intensifying the appearance of the other to create dramatic, bold looks.
Describe what happens when you mix COMPLEMENTARY colors together
They will cancel each other out
What are ANALOGOUS colors and what is their IMPORTANCE?
Colors that are located directly next to each other on the color wheel. They help create minimal contrast and can match very well together to create soft, subtle looks.
Which term refers to the pureness of a color or the dominance of hue in a color? (Hint: Varies in INTENSITY)
Color Saturation
What are the various degrees of COLOR SATURATION? Describe the THREE degrees
1) Tint: Occurs when white is added to a pure hue
2) Shade: Occurs when black is added to a pure hue
3) Tone: Occurs when gray is added to a pure hue
Identify the PURPOSE of WARM and COOL colors
They help determine skin tone and properly enhance your clients appearance
What has a yellow undertone and can range from yellow and gold to oranges, red-oranges, most reds, and some yellow-greens?
Warm Colors
What has a blue undertone that is dominated by blues, greens, violets, and blue-reds?
Cool Colors
IMPORTANT ✍🏼
WARM colors are associated with the SUN (YELLOW), COOL colors are associated with WATER (BLUE)
Why are WARM and COOL colors important?
They are used to alter and emphasize facial features, like eye color or to dramatize an outfit or look
What are NEUTRAL colors and what is their IMPORTANCE?
Colors that do NOT complement or contrast any other color. Perfect blend of earthy tones such as brown, beige, tan, and gray for any skin tone
What are the 3 steps in determining COLOR SELECTION? Describe their functions
1) Skin Color: determine if client’s skin is light, medium, or dark
2) Eye Color: determine if client’s eye color is blue, green, brown, or another color
3) Hair Color: determine if hair color is warm or cool on the client
What is a term used to describe the warmth of coolness of skin? (Hint: light, medium, dark)
Tone (Undertone)
How can you determine a client’s UNDERTONE?
Use either the client’s forearm and/or neck. In NATURAL light, you can use WHITE paper or cloth next to clean skin for determination
A client comes in and their skin is frequently exposed to the sun/UV rays. Do you use their forearm or neck as a PRIMARY indicator of their UNDERTONE?
Only their Neck
!! Mnemonic Device for Remembering COMPLEMENTARY colors !!
Yellow and Violet - Lakers 🏀
Blue and Orange - Bears 🐻
Red and Green - Christmas 🎄
In corrective makeup, estheticians deal with TWO basic skin tones which are…
Ruddy and Sallow
Which skin tone appears unnaturally red, wind burned, and can be affected by rosacea?
Ruddy
Which skin tone can have a yellowish hue to it?
Sallow
For the TWO basic skin tones, what type of color tone should be used to correct the skin tone?
Ruddy: yellow or green-tinted foundation
Sallow: pink-based foundation
When selecting a color palette for EYE color, which TONE is the safest choice to use that complements ALL skin colors?
Neutral tones (taupe, brown, gray, white, and black)
Selecting eyeshadows with ____ colors will emphasize a clients eyes the most
Complementary
Which makeup products should mostly stay within the same COLOR FAMILY?
Cheek and Lip products
There are THREE main aspects to factor in when deciding a color palette for a client, list those 3 aspects from MOST important to LEAST important.
M) Skin color
2) Eye color
L) Hair color
Why is it IMPORTANT for estheticians to understand the IMPORTANCE of face shapes and their proportions for clients?
Understanding face shapes determines where to place lighter and darker tones of makeup to accentuate or de-emphazise certain facial features.
What should you AVOID using on MATURE/TEXTURED skin?
Avoid using glitter and shimmer eyeshadows as it can accentuate skin texture.
TIP: use MATTE to reduce fine lines/uneven skin
The 7 Basic Face-Shapes
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Which face-shape is well-proportioned and is considered IDEAL because of its BALANCE and overall SYMMETRY?
Oval-Shaped
Which face-shape is widest at the cheekbone area and is NOT much longer than it is wide?
Round-Shaped
Which face-shape has a WIDE, angular jawline and forehead that are STRAIGHT and ANGULAR?
Square-Shaped
Which face-shape is LONG and NARROW to which the cheekbones are hollowed? (Hint: corrective makeup can create the illusion of width for this face-shape?
Rectangle/Oblong-Shaped
Which face-shape is built like a PYRAMID and is widest at the JAWLINE, reaching its apex at the NARROW forehead?
Triangle/Pear-Shaped
Which face-shape is WIDE at the TEMPLE and FOREHEAD area and tapers down to a NARROW chin? (Hint: PROMINENT cheekbones)
Heart-Shaped
Which face-shape is WIDEST at the cheekbones and has a NARROW chin and forehead? (Hint: measurements of the JAW and HAIRLINE are the SAME)
Diamond-Shaped
Describe what MINERAL makeup is composed of and WHY people would prefer it
It is composed of minerals and other ingredients designed to be healthy for the skin as it is not made to be used for heavy coverage (lightweight)
Fundamental Makeup Application Products
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Which product is a TINTED cosmetic used to EVEN out skin tone and color, CONCEAL imperfections, and PROTECT the skin from outside elements? (Hint: also known as base makeup)
Foundation
Which product is designed to go UNDERNEATH foundation and other products to PREPARE the skin for makeup and to help KEEP the product on the skin? (Hint: provides a smooth surface for makeup)
Primer
Which product is used to COVER blemishes, discolorations, and CAN be applied BEFORE or AFTER foundation is applied?
Concealer
Which product is used to add a matte (NON-SHINY), finish to the face which ENHANCES the skins natural color, helping to CONCEAL minor blemishes and discolorations? (Hint: used to set foundation)
Face Powder
Which product gives the face a natural-looking GLOW and helps create facial BALANCE?
Blush
Which product is LIGHTER then the client’s skin color and ACCENTUATES and brings out features such as the brow bone, temples, chin, and cheekbones?
Highlighter
Which product comes in an endless variety of colors and ACCENTUATES/CONTOURS the eyes? (Hint: also comes in a variety of finishes)
Eyeshadow
Which product is used to EMPHASIZE the eyes which helps to make the eyes appear LARGER and the lashes to appear FULLER because it is applied close to the lash line?
Eyeliner
Which product is used to add COLOR and SHAPE to the eyebrows and can be used to DARKEN the eyebrows, CORRECT their shape, or FILL IN sparse areas?
Eyebrow Pencil
Which product is used to DARKEN, DEFINE, and THICKEN the eyelashes?
Mascara
Which product is used to give COLOR to the face and provide a FINISH to a makeup design? (Hint: CAN be worn ALONE and ENHANCE the face like no other product)
Lip Color
Which product is intended to FILL UNEVEN areas to define a certain FACIAL AREAS shape? (Hint: PREVENTS COLOR from bleeding out)
Lip Liner
List VARIOUS SINGLE-use and MULTI-use MAKEUP TOOLS/IMPLEMENTS that makeup artists use
Sponges, Spatulas, Tissues, Wands, Brow/Lash Combs, Cotton Swabs, Paper Drapes or Capes, Brushes, Lash Curlers, Headbands, Tweezers, Sharpeners, Mixing Cups, and a Mirror
IMPORTANT ✍🏼
DISPOSABLE brushes are IDEAL when working with clients. If you CANNOT use SINGLE-use items, make sure you clean and disnifect SYNTHETIC brushes between clients and have ENOUGH clean brushes on hand for MULTIPLE uses
TIP: EPA-registered disinfectants ONLY
FUN FACT: Some states REQUIRE the use of a…
…PALETTE
Makeup BRUSHES are made of THREE parts. Describe and list those 3 parts in ORDER from TOP to BOTTOM
T) the HAIR (bristles)
M) the FERRULE: metal part that HOLDS brushes INTACT
B) the HANDLE
Unlike SYNTHETIC brushes, NATURAL HAIR brushes…
…CANNOT be DISINFECTED
TIP: SYNTHETIC is OPTIMAL for SANITATION
To save HIGH-QUALITY makeup BRUSHES and their LONGEVITY, how should you CARE for them?
REMOVE makeup from the ORIGINAL container and use a PALETTE for makeup APPLICATIONS. Make sure to DISNFECT/CLEAN your brushes after each client
BRUSHES should ALWAYS be pointing ____ if put beneath running water for sanitation
DOWNWARD
After thoroughly cleaning makeup BRUSHES, estheticians NEED to AVOID pulling on the BRISTLES as it could…
…LOOSEN them. The BRISTLES will DRY in the SHAPE they are LEFT in ; RESHAPE WET BRISTLES into their DESIRED SHAPE and LAY them FLAT so they can DRY. ALWAYS place BRUSHES in a CLOSED, COVERED, CONTAINER after they are DRY
IMPORTANT ✍🏼
Do NOT touch OPEN products with PREVIOUSLY USED applicators (double-dipping). ALWAYS use SPATULAS or SINGLE-use wands/applicators to REMOVE product
What kind of LIGHTING is ESSENTIAL for MAKEUP APPLICATIONS?
Adequate, flattering lighting such as a BRIGHT, EVEN, FRONTAL light
TIP: NATURAL light is NOT ALWAYS the BEST (color variability)
The LIGHTS around a MAKEUP MIRROR should ALWAYS be the…
BRIGHTEST light source in the room
Which term describes INSTRUCTION on how to DUPLICATE the TECHNIQUES an esthetician uses on clients?
Makeup Lesson
When correctly applied, FOUNDATION creates an ____ CANVAS for the rest of the MAKEUP APPLICATION
EVEN
FUN FACT: for a SMOOTHER makeup application, you can asks clients to…
GENTLY EXFOLIATE their SKIN PRIOR to their appointment
If a FOUNDATION color is too LIGHT, what APPEARANCE will it look like on the skin? (Hint: will SIT on top of the skin)
CHALKY and GHOSTLIKE
If a FOUNDATION color is too DARK, what APPEARANCE will it look like on the skin?
DIRTY and ARTIFICIAL
What is the BEST METHOD to use when determining correct FOUNDATION COLOR on a client?
Apply a VERTICAL stripe of COLOR below the CHEEK down onto the JAWLINE
Which term is a TECHNIQUE that creates the ILLUSION of TEXTURE on the SKIN when there is NONE? (Hint: typically used in corrective makeup applications)
Patting (Stippling)
TIP: AVOID excessive/harsh RUBBING, use GENTLE pressure
CONCEALER that is noticeably LIGHTER than the SKIN can draw attention to…
…Problem areas, such as DARK CIRCLES or BLEMISHES like ACNE
Which TECHNIQUE uses DARKER SHADES of color to DEFINE the CHEEKBONES and make features appear SMALLER? (Hint: receded and diminished)
Contouring
Generally, a DARKER shade of EYESHADOW makes the NATURAL color of the IRIS appear ____, while a LIGHTER shade makes the IRIS appear ____
LIGHTER, DEEPER
TIP: COLOR choices SHOULD be FLATTERING
Which term is generally used to describe a MEDIUM TONE that is CLOSE to the client’s SKIN COLOR? (Hint: EVENS out the skin TONE on the EYE)
Base Color
Which TEHCNIQUE uses ONE or BOTH HANDS, positioned to AVOID client INJURY by keeping your hands STEADY?
Bracing
TIP: ALLOWS for more CONTROL
Why should EYE PENCILS, such as EYELINER, NOT be used on the INNER RIM of the EYELID (waterline)?
Applying EYE LINER on the INNER RIM can POTENTIALLY lead to INFECTION/TEARING of the TEAR DUCT, BLURRY VISION, and PERMANENT PIGMENTATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE lining of the EYE
TRUE or FALSE: if a PENCIL CANNOT be SHARPENED, it CANNOT be…
…CLEANED or DISINFECTED
When should MASCARA be replaced for a NEW WAND/TUBE?
Every 3 MONTHS
What are the MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS in a good MAKEUP APPLICATION? (Hint: canvas)
BLENDING and EVENNESS
What is the GOLDEN RULE when it comes to applying makeup?
Creams OVER Powders do NOT BLEND
If you wish to ELONGATE a client’s NECK, what should you do?
APPLY the LIGHTER color, (from the client’s tonal family), all the way DOWN the CENTER of the NECK. Then, APPLY the DARKER shades UNDER the JAW and DOWN BOTH the SIDES
EYES are very IMPORTANT when it comes to BALANCING…
…FACIAL FEATURES (accentuating/diminishing their SIZE)
The 8 Basic Eye Shapes (Reshaping Techniques)
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Monolid Eyes
Add DEFINITION to the eye area
Small Eyes
To make eyes appear LARGER, EXTEND the SHADOWS slightly beyond the SIDE of the EYES
Round Eyes
Eyes SHOULD be LENGTHENED by EXTENDING the SHADOW beyond the OUTER CORNER of the EYES
Protruding Eyelids
Eyes can be MINIMIZED by BLENDING a DARK SHADOW over the PROMINENT PART of the EYELID, carrying it LIGHTLY towards the EYEBROW. Use a MEDIUM/DEEP shadow COLOR
Deep-Set Eyes
BRIGHT, LIGHT, REFLECTIVE colors for eyes
Close-Set Eyes
LIGHTLY apply DARKER SHADOW on the OUTER EDGE of the EYES and LIGHT SHADOW on the INSIDE near the NOSE
Wide-Set Eyes
APPLY DARKER color to the INNER side of the EYELID toward the NOSE, BLENDING carefully
Downward Sloping Eyes
SHADOW EVENLY and LIGHTLY ACROSS the LID from the EDGE of the EYELASH LINE to the SMALL CREASE in the EYE SOCKET. Use a LIGHT color on the LID and a MEDIUM/DARK color ABOVE the CREASE
WELL-GROOMED EYEBROWS are part of a ___
…COMPLETE MAKEUP APPLICATION
Brow Shapes/Reshaping Techniques
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High Arch
When the ARCH is TOO HIGH, REMOVE the SUPERFLUOUS HAIR from the TOP of the BROW and FILL IN the LOWER PART with PENCIL/GEL/SHADOW. Build up SHAPE by LAYERING COLOR until DESIRED EFFECT is achieved
Low/Small Forehead
A LOW ARCH gives the ILLUSION of MORE HEIGHT and SPACE to a LOW FOREHEAD
Wide-Set Eyes (Brow Technique)
Eyes can be made to APPEAR CLOSER together by EXTENDING the EYEBROW LINES CLOSER TOGETHER past the INSIDE CORNERS of the EYES. CARE must be taken to AVOID a FROWNING LOOK
Close-Set Eyes (Brow Technique)
To make the EYES APPEAR FARTHER APART, WIDEN the DISTANCE BETWEEN the EYEBROWS and EXTEND them SLIGHTLY OUTWARD BEYOND the OUTSIDE of the EYES
Round Face (Brow Technique)
ARCH the BROWS HIGH and make them MORE ANGULAR to make the FACE APPEAR NARROWER
Long Face (Brow Technique)
Making the EYEBROWS STRAIGHT (LESS ARCH) can create the ILLUSION of a SHORTER FACE. Do NOT EXTEND the EYEBROW LINES FARTHER than the OUTSIDE CORNERS of the EYES
Square Face (Brow Technique)
Face will APPEAR MORE OVAL if there is a HIGHER BROW ARCH
What should the FIRST STEP be to CORRECT a clients EYEBROW SHAPE?
REMOVE ALL UNNECESSARY HAIRS
How can the IDEAL BROW SHAPE be DETERMINED?
By MEASURING the EYEBROWS using the THREE LINE technique
IMPORTANT ✍🏼
VARIOUS LIP COLORS and TECHNIQUES can be used to create the ILLUSION of BETTER PROPORTIONS. It is BEST to FOLLOW the NATURAL LIP LINE as CLOSELY as POSSIBLE
Lip Shapes/Reshaping Techniques
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Thin Upper/Lower Lip
Upper: OUTLINE OUTSIDE the UPPER LIP
Lower: Line OUTSIDE LOWER LIP to APPEAR FULLER
Cupid Bow/Pointed Upper Lip
To SOFTEN the PEAKS of the UPPER LIP, use a MEDIUM-COLOR LINER to draw a SOFTER CURVE OUTSIDE THE LIP LINE. EXTEND the LINE to the DESIRED SHAPE
Large, Full Lips
Draw a THIN LINE just INSIDE the NATURAL LIP LINE. Use, SOFT, FLAT LIPSTICK colors that will ATTRACT LESS ATTENTION than SHIMMERY/GLOSSY COLORS
Small Mouth/Lips
OUTLINE BOTH the UPPER and LOWER LIPS. FILL IN lips with SOFT/SHIMMERY COLORS that make them APPEAR LARGER
Downturned Corners
LINE the LIPS to BUILD UP the CORNERS of the MOUTH. Will MINIMIZE the DROOPING APPEARANCE. FILL IN LIPS with a SOFT COLOR
Asymmetrical Lips
OUTLINE the UPPER and LOWER lips with a SOFT COLOR to create the ILLUSION of MATCHING PROPORTIONS
Straight, Upper Lip
Use LINER to create a SLIGHT DIP in the CENTER of the UPPER LIP, DIRECTLY BENEATH the NOSTRILS. FILL IN lips with FLATTERING COLOR
Fine Lines Around the Lips
OUTLINE the LIPS with a LONG-LASTING LIP PENCIL, and then FILL IN with a product to KEEP LIP COLOR from RUNNING into FINE LINES. LIGHTER COLORS work BETTER and do NOT SHOW the LINES as much as DARK/RED COLORS
Which TECHNIQUE is DESIGNED to be INVISIBLE when using HD CAMERAS? (Hint: FORMULATED with SUPER-FINE MICROparticles that BLEND into the SKIN to provide a FLAWLESS COMPLEXION)
High-Definition Makeup
What is AIRBRUSH MAKEUP used for?
PHOTOGRAPHY, FILM, THEATER, FANTASY, FACE/BODY ART, and BRIDAL MAKEUP
BENEFITS of AIRBRUSH MAKEUP
HYGIENIC, LONG-LASTING, WATER-RESISTANT, FASTER to APPLY, LIGHTWEIGHT, NATURAL, FLAWLESS LOOK.
Why is CAMOUFLAGE MAKEUP an IMPORTANT SKILL?
ESSENTIAL when working with POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS, people with CONGENITAL EFFECTS/SCARRING, or people with ILLNESSES/INJURIES
ARTIFICIAL EYELASHES are an EASY WAY to…
…ADD LENGTH, THICKNESS, and DRAMA
3 Types of Lashes
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Band Lashes
EYELASH HAIRS on a STRIP that are APPLIED with ADHESIVE to the NATURAL LASH LINE; (also known as STRIP LASHES)
Tabs
SMALL CLUSTERS of THREE or FOUR LASHES on 1 POINT of ATTACHMENT
Individual Lashes
SEPARATE ARTIFICIAL EYELASHES that are APPLIED on TOP of the UPPER LASHES ONE at a TIME; (sometimes referred to as eye tabbing)
How to Remove Artifical Eyelashes
1) Use EYE PADS SATURATED with an OIL-BASED EYE MAKEUP REMOVER that is FORMULATED to REMOVE WATERPROOF MASCARA.
2) The LASH BASE can be SOFTENED by applying a FACECLOTH/COTTON PAD SATURATED with WARM WATER and a GENTLE FACIAL CLEANSER.
3) Starting from the OUTER CORNER, GENTLY PULL STRIP LASHES off PARALLEL to the SKIN, NOT STRAIGHT OUT
4) Use WET COTTON PADS/SWABS to REMOVE ANY MAKEUP and ADHESIVE remaining on the EYELID
How LONG is the LIFE CYCLE of the NATURAL LASH? (How long will EYELASH BOND LAST to NATURAL LASH?)
2 months
Which PROCEDURE describes the PROCESS of CHEMICALLY CURLING the LASHES?
Lash Perming
Which TECHNIQUE describes a COSMETIC IMPLANTATION that DEPOSITS COLORED PIGMENT into the UPPER RETICULAR LAYER of the DERMIS? (Hint: SIMILAR to TATTOOING)
Permanent Makeup
IMPORTANT ✍🏼
NOT all TINTS are SAFE and LEGAL to use! Use of ILLEGAL TINTS could RESULT in FINES or LOSS of LICENSE!
Do NOT USE TINTS WITH ANILINE DERIVATIVES (coal-tar based) (NOT FDA APPROVED)
