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ANNNNNAAtomy > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the epidermis.

A

most superficial
keratinized stratified squamous epi.
derived from ectoderm
avascular

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2
Q

Describe the dermis.

A

deep
connective tissue
derived from mesoderm
highly vascularized

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3
Q

What is deep to the dermis?

A

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer/fascia)

made of adipose tissue

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4
Q

What are the four main cells found in the epidermis and which is most prevalent?

A

Keratinocytes (most prevalent)
melanocytes
langerhan’s cells
merkel’s cells

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5
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

palms of hands and soles of feet

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6
Q

From deep to superficial, what are the layers of the epidermis?

A 
Stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum (only thick skin)
stratum corneum
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7
Q

What is the layer of epidermis only found in thick skin?

A

stratum lucidum

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8
Q

What is the role of keratinocytes?

A
  1. produce keratin, the major structural protein of skin

keratins form intermediate filaments (tonofilaments)

  1. form water barrier
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9
Q

How is the skin water proofed?

A

keratinocytes produce lamellar bodies which contain lipids

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10
Q

Describe the stratum basale.

A
  • deepest layer
  • single layer of cuboidal, basophilic cells
  • mitotically active
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11
Q

Describe the stratum spinosum.

A
  • thicker layer containing keratinocytes
  • keratin intermediate fibers produced
  • keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies produced
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12
Q

How are keratinocytes held together?

A

desmosomes

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13
Q

Describe the stratum granulosum.

A
  • intensely basophilic
  • aggregation of tonofilaments into tonofibrils
  • where keratinization takes place
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14
Q

Describe the stratum lucidum.

A
  • only in THICK skin

- think translucent layer of eosinophilic cells

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15
Q

Descrice the stratum corneum.

A
  • filled almost entirely with keratin
  • cells are sloughed off
  • no nuclei or organelles
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16
Q

What is the role of melanocytes and were are they found?

A

secrete melanin, which protects DNA from UV radiation

found within stratum basale, with dendritic extentions into stratum spinosum

17
Q

What is the role of langerhan’s cells and where are they found?

A

cells present antigen to T lymphocytes

found in stratum spinosum

18
Q

What is the role of merkel’s cells and where are they found?

A

mechanoreceptor cells associated w/ sensory nerve endings

found in stratum basale

19
Q

What are the three major types of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma

20
Q

What is the most common skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma

21
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

papillary layer

reticular layer

22
Q

What type of tissue is the papillary layer?

A

loose (areolar) CT

contains dermal papillae that project into epidermis

23
Q

What type of tissue is the reticular layer?

A

dense irregular CT

24
Q

What is the role of pacinian corpuscles and where are they found?

A

detect deep pressure and vibration

found in dermis and hypodermis (large and look like an onion)

25
Q

What is the role of meissner’s corpuscles and where are they located?

A

detect light touch

found within dermal papillae of hairless skin (tapered cylindrical structures)

26
Q

What muscle causes goosebumps? Is it smooth or skeletal? What innervates it?

A

arrector pili m.
smooth
sympathetic NS

27
Q

What type of gland is an eccrine sweat gland? What is its mode of secretion? Where is it located?

A

simple coiled tubular
merocrine secretion onto skin surface
deep in dermis or upper part of hypodermis (all over body)

28
Q

What type of gland is an apocrine sweat gland? What is its mode of secretion? Where is it located?

A

coiled tubular gland
merocrine secretion into hair follicles

located near hair follicle (upper party of hypodermis/deep dermis) in axillary and perineal regions

29
Q

How do you tell the difference between eccrine and apocrine glands histologically?

A

apocrine glands have much larger secretory lumens

30
Q

What type of gland is a sebaceous gland? What is its mode of secretion? Where is it located?

A

branched acinar gland
holocrine secretion (cell apoptosis)
located w/ hair follicle

ANNNNNAAtomy (13 decks)

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