carty finkbeiner Flashcards
What does all connective tissue come from?
mesenchyme
What are the two components of connective tissue?
extracellular matrix + cells
What are the two components of extracellular matrix?
protein fibers + brown substance
What type of cells are present in cartilage?
chondroblasts and chondrocytes, both can secrete ECM, chondrocytes are located in lacunae
What is in the extracellular matrix of cartilage?
- 95% of cartilage is ECM
- rich in GAGs, proteoglycans
What is the purpose of GAGs?
negatively charged so they attract water, adding resilience and pliability
What is the perichondrium made of?
Dense CT, has blood vessels, nerves, fibroblast, type I fibers
What are the two methods of cartilage growth?
appositional growth
interstitial growth
What is the ECM composition of hyaline cartilage?`
- 75% water
- proteoglycans
- hyaluronic acid
- type II collagen
Where is hyaline cartilage located?
articular surfaces, nose, larynx, tracheal rings, epiphyseal plates, fetal bone models
Where is there no perichondrium on hyaline cartilage?
articulating surfaces
What does hyaline cartilage look like histologically?
generally basophilic, can’t see collagen fibers, fewer cells than elastic
What does the perichondrium look like histologically?
more eosinophilic, flattened cells, dense CT
Where are chondrogenic cells located?
perichondrium
Where are chondroblasts located?
near surface of cartilage (more elliptical shaped)
Where are chondrocytes located?
within lacunae (more rounded shape)
What does an isogenous group indicate?
that mitosis has just occurred, cartilage is growing
Which stains darker (more basophilic): territorial matrix or inter territorial matrix?
territorial matrix (around isogenous groups)
What is the ECM composition of elastic cartilage?
type II collagen fibers and elastic fibers (basically the same as hyaline except add elastic)
Where is elastic cartilage located?
pinna of ear, auditory canal, auditory tube, epiglottis
Does elastic cartilage have a perichondrium?
yes
What does elastic cartilage look like histologically?
using a special stain you can clearly see elastic fibers, more cells than hyaline but they don’t like to group up
What is the ECM composition of fibrocartilage?
type I collagen, less proteoglycans
Where is fibrocartilage located?
intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, major tendon-bone anchorages
Does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?
no
What does fibrocartilage look like histologically?
intermediate btw dense CT and hyaline cartilage, chondrocytes are arranged in long rows, tons of type I collagen fibers, matrix is more acidophilic
