Skin 2 Flashcards
What are the four accessory structures of the skin?
Hair, sweat glands, nails, receptors
Hair is found all over the body except in?
Palms, soles and lips
What is hair made of?
dead keratinised cells
Where is hair/the hair shaft produced in?
Hair follicle
What is hair consisted of?
Arrector pili muscle, sebaceous glands, root hair plexus
This produces contractions that result in goose bumps and improves insulation of the body
Arrector pili muscle
This is a collection of sensory nerves at the base of each hair follicle that causes heightened sensation
Root hair plexus
This produces oily secretion known as sebum. Nourishes hair shaft, moisturises skin and acts as a water repellent.
Sebaceous glands
What leads to acne?
Blocked hair follicles and increased sebum production and infection
This is sheep sebum and may be purified for commercial use in skin care products
Lanolin
What are the 2 sweat glands?
Eccrine and apocrine
What is the fundamental difference between eccrine and apocrine?
Eccrine is closer to the surface of the skin and secretes water secretions directly on skin
Apocrine is deeper to the surface of the skin and secretes oily, sticky and odorous secretions through the hair follicle onto the skin
This sweat glands may be influenced by hormones.
Apocrine
This sweat gland is important in thermoregulation and excretion, and has some antibacterial action.
Eccrine
These protect the finger tips and toes. As well as prevent the temporary deformation of skin when activating receptors
Nails
What are some of the effects caused by skin aging?
Thin dermis & epidermis, slower skin repair, drier epidermis, impaired cooling and less pigmentation
What is drier epidermis a result of?
Less sebum produced by sebaceous glands
What is impaired cooling a result of?
Less sweat
What does tobacco do to the skin?
Damages blood supply of dermis and damage collagen and elastin in skin
Nicotine reduces:
blood circulation
This is a result of vaping and is the inflammation of the skin due to metal coating on e-cigarettes
Contact dermatitis
This pigment is produced by the skin and protects cells from UV light
Melanin
Where is melanin produced?
In the melanocytes
These are vesicles containing melanin. Responsible for transporting melanin throughout different areas of epidermis
Melanosomes
Where are melanocytes found?
Stratum basale
What is the fundamental difference between melanocytes and melanosome?
Melanocytes are not shed & found in stratum basale
Melanosomes are shed & found throughout the epidermis
This is a cluster of melanocytes in one area to the point where it appears on the surface of the skin
Mole
This is a result of the overproduction of melanosomes by melanocytes
Freckles
This is essential for normal calcium metabolism and strong bones
Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency can cause the bending of the bones/limbs - which is known as:
rickets
This is a cancer that originates in the stratum basale and affects the stem cells. Metastasis is rare and the symptoms are relatively benign
Basal cell carcinoma
This is a cancer that originates in melanocytes. It is deadly if not treated, highly metastatic and the mortality rate is dependent upon tumour
Malignant melanoma
