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HUBS192 > Respiratory Anatomy 1 - Upper Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy 1 - Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the optimal condition of the air?

A

Clean, warm and moist

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2
Q

The 3 key structures of the upper respiratory system are:

A

nose, nasal cavity and pharynx (the throat)

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3
Q

This is the site of gas exchange - the final destination of air that is in optimal quality.

A

Respiratory zone/alveoli

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4
Q

What structures comprise respiratory zone?

A

Bronchioles and alveoli

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5
Q

This is epithelium attached via basement membrane to lamina propria.

A

Mucosa

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6
Q

What is lamina propria made of?

A

Connective tissue - may contain glands as well

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7
Q

Sheet of epithalial cells/epithelium attached via basement membrane to lamina propria/connective tissue

A

Mucosa

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8
Q

Most body organs are lined with what?

A

Mucosa

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9
Q

This is the passage for air and food.

A

Oral cavity

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9
Q

This area of the URT ensures the air is warm, clean and moist

A

Conducting zone

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9
Q

This is a sheet of epithelial cells attached via basement membrane to the lamina propria

A

Mucosa

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10
Q

This layer has more connective tissue and depending on region may contain many MUCOSAL glands.

A

Submucosal layer

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11
Q

This is a sheet of epithelial cells attached via basement membrane to the lamina propria. It contains some mucosal glands.

A

Mucosa

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12
Q

What kind of epithelia makes up most of the conducting region?

A

Respiratory epithelium

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13
Q

What kind of epithelia makes up where food and air travel?

A

Stratified squamous

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14
Q

What epithelia makes up the site of gas exchange?

A

Simple squamous

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15
Q

What epithelia makes up the site of olfaction?

A

Specialised mucosa - olfactory mucosa

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16
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the respiratory system?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

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17
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the respiratory system?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

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17
Q

This is the passage for air and food.

A

Oral cavity

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17
Q

This layer has more connective tissue and depending on region may contain many MUCOSAL glands.

A

Submucosal layer

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18
Q

This area of the URT ensures the air is warm, clean and moist

A

Conducting zone

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18
Q

What kind of epithelia makes up where food and air travel?

A

Stratified squamous

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18
Q

These cells produce mucus

A

Goblet cells

19
Q

What are the main components of the respiratory system?

A

URT, LRT, Thoracic cavity, joints, and respiratory muscles

20
Q

Most of the conducting region is lined with what kind of epithelium?

A

Respiratory epithelium

21
Q

This kind of epithelium is found in the nasal cavity, part of the pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi

A

Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells)

22
Q

These cells produce a patterned movement that pushes mucus towards the pharynx (throat). This is swallowed and digested by stomach acid.

A

Ciliated cells

23
Q

Mucus from your nose is called? And mucus from your lower respiratory tract is called?

A

Snot; sputum

24
Q

Why does your nose run on a cold day?

A

Because the cilia are very temperature sensitive, so when it’s cold, the cilia freezes, so there’s nothing to push the mucus back into the pharynx

25
Q

Why do we cough up mucus when we are unwell?

A

Because there is an overproduction of mucus when we’re sick, the extra mucus is to help trap more pathogen and bacteria

26
Q

These are known as resonating chambers for speech

A

Paranasal sinus

27
Q

This is the primary passageway for air. It is made of cartilage and maintains a patent (open) airway

A

Nose

28
Q

What kind of epithelium is the vestibule/passage/vessel of the nose lined with?

A

Stratified sqamous epithelium

29
Q

These are responsible for filtering inhaled air in the nostrils.

A

vibrissae

30
Q

The floor of the nasal cavity is formed by _____ and ____ _______.

A

Hard and soft palates.

31
Q

These open into the nasal pharynx

A

Internal nares

32
Q

This are the bones found on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

A

Conchae

33
Q

The roof of the nasal cavity is formed by what two bones?

A

Ethmoid and sphenoid bones.

34
Q

There are three projections in the upper respiratory system that swirl inspired air. It has particles that stick to mucosa, and gives more contact time to filter/clean/warm the air up. (also involved in olfactory detection)

A

Conchae

35
Q

What kind of epithelium covers the conchae?

A

Respiratory epithelium

36
Q

This type of epithelium is responsible for picking up smell.

A

Nasal/olfactory epithelium

37
Q

What two types of epithelia make up the nasal cavity?

A

Respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium (olfactory epithelium contains smell receptors)

38
Q

This is epithelium that sits on lamina propria. It has a thin walled vascular plexus and helps to warm incoming air.

A

Nasal mucosa

39
Q

When air temperature drops, the plexus ______. Why?

A

The plexus dilates to generate more heat and warm the air up more.

40
Q

Nose bleeds originate from damage in the?

A

Nasal mucosa - because nasal mucosa is made of thin walled vascular plexuses.
- so when the blood vessels are ruptured, the blood runs down the nose

41
Q

This is a cavity within a bone.

A

Sinus

42
Q

This is commonly called the throat. It is a muscular funnel shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive system.

A

The pharynx

43
Q

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx (behind the nose), oropharynx (behind oral cavity), and laryngopharynx (behind the larynx)

44
Q

This is a region of the pharynx that provides air passage only.

A

Nasopharynx

45
Q

These two structures block the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.

A

Soft palate and uvula

46
Q

These drain in the pharynx from the middle ear. (protects middle ear from infection)

A

Auditory tubes

47
Q

This is a region of the pharynx that provides passage for both air and food. It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium to protect against abrasion. It is posterior to the oral cavity.

A

Oropharynx.

48
Q

Which region of the pharynx do palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils belong to?

A

Oropharynx

49
Q

This is a region of the pharynx where food and air separate (it is where the respiratory and digestive tracts diverge)

A

Laryngopharynx

50
Q

What kind of epithelium is the laryngopharynx lined with? (Remember what kind of things go through it)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (to protect from food)

51
Q

Where in the upper respiratory system would you find stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Nasal vestibule, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

52
Q
A

HUBS192 (29 decks)

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