Respiratory Anatomy 1 - Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards
What is the optimal condition of the air?
Clean, warm and moist
The 3 key structures of the upper respiratory system are:
nose, nasal cavity and pharynx (the throat)
This is the site of gas exchange - the final destination of air that is in optimal quality.
Respiratory zone/alveoli
What structures comprise respiratory zone?
Bronchioles and alveoli
This is epithelium attached via basement membrane to lamina propria.
Mucosa
What is lamina propria made of?
Connective tissue - may contain glands as well
Sheet of epithalial cells/epithelium attached via basement membrane to lamina propria/connective tissue
Mucosa
Most body organs are lined with what?
Mucosa
This is the passage for air and food.
Oral cavity
This area of the URT ensures the air is warm, clean and moist
Conducting zone
This is a sheet of epithelial cells attached via basement membrane to the lamina propria
Mucosa
This layer has more connective tissue and depending on region may contain many MUCOSAL glands.
Submucosal layer
This is a sheet of epithelial cells attached via basement membrane to the lamina propria. It contains some mucosal glands.
Mucosa
What kind of epithelia makes up most of the conducting region?
Respiratory epithelium
What kind of epithelia makes up where food and air travel?
Stratified squamous
What epithelia makes up the site of gas exchange?
Simple squamous
What epithelia makes up the site of olfaction?
Specialised mucosa - olfactory mucosa
What type of epithelium makes up the respiratory system?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)
What type of epithelium makes up the respiratory system?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)
This is the passage for air and food.
Oral cavity
This layer has more connective tissue and depending on region may contain many MUCOSAL glands.
Submucosal layer
This area of the URT ensures the air is warm, clean and moist
Conducting zone
What kind of epithelia makes up where food and air travel?
Stratified squamous
These cells produce mucus
Goblet cells
What are the main components of the respiratory system?
URT, LRT, Thoracic cavity, joints, and respiratory muscles
Most of the conducting region is lined with what kind of epithelium?
Respiratory epithelium
This kind of epithelium is found in the nasal cavity, part of the pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi
Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells)
These cells produce a patterned movement that pushes mucus towards the pharynx (throat). This is swallowed and digested by stomach acid.
Ciliated cells
Mucus from your nose is called? And mucus from your lower respiratory tract is called?
Snot; sputum
Why does your nose run on a cold day?
Because the cilia are very temperature sensitive, so when it’s cold, the cilia freezes, so there’s nothing to push the mucus back into the pharynx
Why do we cough up mucus when we are unwell?
Because there is an overproduction of mucus when we’re sick, the extra mucus is to help trap more pathogen and bacteria
These are known as resonating chambers for speech
Paranasal sinus
This is the primary passageway for air. It is made of cartilage and maintains a patent (open) airway
Nose
What kind of epithelium is the vestibule/passage/vessel of the nose lined with?
Stratified sqamous epithelium
These are responsible for filtering inhaled air in the nostrils.
vibrissae
The floor of the nasal cavity is formed by _____ and ____ _______.
Hard and soft palates.
These open into the nasal pharynx
Internal nares
This are the bones found on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
Conchae
The roof of the nasal cavity is formed by what two bones?
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones.
There are three projections in the upper respiratory system that swirl inspired air. It has particles that stick to mucosa, and gives more contact time to filter/clean/warm the air up. (also involved in olfactory detection)
Conchae
What kind of epithelium covers the conchae?
Respiratory epithelium
This type of epithelium is responsible for picking up smell.
Nasal/olfactory epithelium
What two types of epithelia make up the nasal cavity?
Respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium (olfactory epithelium contains smell receptors)
This is epithelium that sits on lamina propria. It has a thin walled vascular plexus and helps to warm incoming air.
Nasal mucosa
When air temperature drops, the plexus ______. Why?
The plexus dilates to generate more heat and warm the air up more.
Nose bleeds originate from damage in the?
Nasal mucosa - because nasal mucosa is made of thin walled vascular plexuses.
- so when the blood vessels are ruptured, the blood runs down the nose
This is a cavity within a bone.
Sinus
This is commonly called the throat. It is a muscular funnel shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive system.
The pharynx
What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx (behind the nose), oropharynx (behind oral cavity), and laryngopharynx (behind the larynx)
This is a region of the pharynx that provides air passage only.
Nasopharynx
These two structures block the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.
Soft palate and uvula
These drain in the pharynx from the middle ear. (protects middle ear from infection)
Auditory tubes
This is a region of the pharynx that provides passage for both air and food. It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium to protect against abrasion. It is posterior to the oral cavity.
Oropharynx.
Which region of the pharynx do palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils belong to?
Oropharynx
This is a region of the pharynx where food and air separate (it is where the respiratory and digestive tracts diverge)
Laryngopharynx
What kind of epithelium is the laryngopharynx lined with? (Remember what kind of things go through it)
Stratified squamous epithelium (to protect from food)
Where in the upper respiratory system would you find stratified squamous epithelium?
Nasal vestibule, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
