Gastrointestinal Anatomy: Stomach and Pancreas Flashcards
Food enters through the?
Oral cavity (mouth, throat)
This is the general serous membrane that lines the stomach.
Peritoneum
This is the peritoneum that lines the body wall.
Parietal peritoneum
This is the peritoneum that lines the organs.
Visceral peritoneum
This is the layer located posterior to the peritoneum.
Retroperitoneal layer
This is double layer of visceral peritoneum that connects organ to the body wall.
Mesentery
This is a double layer of visceral peritoneum that connects an organ to another organ.
Omenta
This is an organ located at the base of the esophagus.
Stomach
This is the area where the esophagus passes through diaphragm.
Esophageal hiatus
This is a structure in the stomach that prevents reflux. This ensures the stomach contents don’t go back up the esophagus.
Lower esophageal sphincter
What are the 4 main parts of the gross structures of the stomach?
Cardia, fundus, body and pylorus
This is responsible for connecting stomach to liver.
Lesser omentum
This is responsible for connecting the stomach to transverse colon.
Greater omentum
What is the muscularis layer modified for in the stomach?
For motility (because the stomach needs to be able to move food around the digest it)
These are temporary folds that allow for the expansion of the stomach.
Rugae
What is rugae made of?
Submucosa
What is the 2 main function of the rugae?
- help expansion of stomach
- important for storage (the folds uncrinkle when they’re filled, and crinkle when they’re empty)
What kind of epithelia makes the mucosa of the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelium
The infolding of simple columnar epithelium increases surface area by doing what?
Infolding produces gastric glands
What are the 3 cells of the gastric glands?
Parietal cells, G cells, chief cells
These cells of the gastric gland secrete acid and intrinsic factor
Parietal cells
These cells secrete hormones (gastrin)
G cells
These are cells that release pepsinogen
Chief cells
What cells dominated the gastric pits?
Mucous epithelial cells/goblet cells
True or false. The chief cells have an abundant endoplasmic reticulum.
True
Which cells of the stomach have an abundant mitochondria and a folded structure to increase surface area?
Parietal cells
True or false. Parietal cells have canaliculli between microvilli that serve as channels that pump out H+ ions.
True
What regulates stomach function?
Endocrine control = endocrine cells
Neural control = enteric nervous system (local reflex) + CNS (long reflexes)
This modulates the ENS function to provide long neural reflexes.
CNS = central nervous system
This system is important for regulating local reflexes.
Enteric nervous system
What two hormones are released by endocrine cells in mucosa for endocrine control?
Gastrin and Ghrelin
True or false. Parietal cells have large amounts of zymogen granules.
False. The chief cells have large amounts of zymogen granules (containing pepsinogen)
Enzymes and bicarbonate are produced by what organ?
Pancreas
Mucous in the small intestine is provided by what structures/glands?
Glands in submucosa and duodenum
This is a retroperitoneal organ that is posterior to the stomach. It has a duct that points into the duodenal lumen.
Pancreas
This organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
Pancreas
What is the endocrine and exocrine function of the pancreas?
Endocrine: releases hormones like insulin and glucagon.
Exocrine: secretes digestive enzymes (acinar cells) and bicarbonate (duct cells)
This is where the bile duct meets pancreatic duct.
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
This is a structure in the pancreas that projects into the duodenal lumen.
Duodenal papilla
The release of secretions from the pancreas is controlled by?
Hepatopancreatic sphincter
