Cardio - Heart Anatomy 1 Flashcards
What are the four main organs in the cardiovascular system?
Heart, arteries, capillaries, lymphatics/veins
What are the organs in the vascular system made up of?
Vascular tissue
What is vascular tissue made of?
epithelial cells and muscle cells (cardiac muscle - for heart, smooth muscle for lining)
This is a closed supply and drainage system - a continuous loop
Blood vascular system
This is an open entry drainage system - a one way system
Lymphatic system
What are the 2 circulations in the body?
Pulmonary and systemic circulation
These are the only supply path of the cardiovascular system - supply blood to important structures in the body
Arteries
These are situated to avoid damage
Major arteries
What is the exchange network of the body?
Capillaries
What are the 3 types of capillaries?
Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoidal
categorised based on degree of permeability/leakiness
What is the drainage organ of the body?
Veins/lymphatics
Why is movement of blood under veins slow?
Because it’s under low pressure and a much larger cross-sectional area
What are the 3 pathways for drainage?
Deep veins, superficial veins, lymphatics
This could also be referring to cardiac circulation - where the 3 main paths for drainage in the veins is through the: coronary sinus, great cardiac vein and small cardiac vein
What shape is the heart?
Blunt cone shaped, with an apex and a base
Where is the PMI?
Between the 5th and 6th rib - 5th intercostal space
Where does the base of the heart lie?
Between 2nd and 3rd rib, 2nd intercostal space
This structure receives blood from the periphery.
Atrium
These pump blood out of the heart into either the pulmonary/systemic circulation
Ventricles
Which side of the heart does oxygenated blood come through?
Left side
What circulation does oxygenated blood come from?
Pulmonary circulation (through the lungs)
Where does the left
atrium receive its blood from?
4 pulmonary veins (2 from each lung)
Which side of the heart does deoxygenated blood come through?
Right side
Where does the right atrium receive its blood from?
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
What are the 3 main layers of the heart?
Endocardium, Myocardium and Epicardium
What is the most dominant layer of the heart?
Myocardium
These cells line up the heart chambers and functions to separate the blood from blood vessels and capillaries. It stops blood from coagulation/aka formation of blood clots
Squamous epithelium/endothelium
The endocardium consists of what 4 main components?
Endothelium, loose FCT, small blood vessels, Purkinje fibres
Why is the right side of the heart thinner in comparison to the left side of the heart?
Because there’s less muscle involved in pulmonary circulation, so less force is required to pump blood through the right ventricle
What 3 components make up the epicardium?
Visceral pericardium, blood vessels, and loose irregular FCT
This is a layer that surrounds the heart
Pericardium
What are the 3 layers of pericardium?
Serous layer (visceral and parietal), fibrous/tough layer, pericardial cavity (with pericardial fluid)
