Cardio - Heart Anatomy 2 Flashcards
This valve controls the blood flow from ventricles to arteries
Semilunar valve
This valve controls the blood flow between atrium and ventricles. Prevent blood returning to the atria during ventricular contraction
Atrioventricular valve
Which side of the heart is the tricuspid valve in?
Right side
Which side of the heart is the bicuspid/mitral valve in?
Left side
These valves prevent blood returning to the ventricles during diastole
Semilunar valves
These are strong tendonous strands that stabilise the leaflets of the AV valves and prevents the leaflets from prolapsing into atrium because of high pressure.
Chordae tendineae
These muscles are responsible for slowing down the closure of the leaflet so it doesn’t aggresively close
Papillary muscles
What arteries are involved in supplying the blood in the heart? (4)
Right & left coronary artery, circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery
What structures are involved in draining the blood? (3)
Coronary sinus, great cardiac vein, small cardiac vein
This muscle is involved mainly in the beating of the heart,
Cardiac muscle
How are cardiac muscle cells interconnected?
ICDS - intercalated discs
How many nuclei does a cardiac muscle cell have?
1/2 nuclei
Where are cytoplasmic organelles found in cardiac muscle cells?
Poles of the nucleus
This takes up about 20% of the volume of a cardiac muscle cell.
Mitochondria
Why do cardiac muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria?
So it can undergo aerobic metabolism. Aerobic metabolism is highly dependent on oxygen
These link actin to actin. (vertical link)
Adhesion belts
These link cytokeratin with cytokeratin
Desmosome
These fuse the phospholipid bilayers with each other, and is very important in electrochemical communication. (horizontal link)
Gap junctions
This system is responsible for the coordination of heart contraction and atrioventricular valve action. Its actions greatly increase the efficiency of heart pumping.
Conduction System
These alter the rate of conduction impulse generation.
Autonomic nerves
Conduction cells/nodes are made of what?
Modified cardiac muscle
These are non-contractile cells are responsible for carrying the electrical signals required for the conduction system. These cells have lots of gap junctions because they are communicating cells
Conduction cells
What are the vessels of cardiac circulation?
Aorta, coronary arteries, myocardial capillaries, cardiac veins, coronary sinus, right atrium
These nerves decrease heart rate
Vagus/parasympathetic nerves
These nerves increase heart rate.
T1-4/sympathetic nerves
What cell type makes up cardiac muscle?
Cardiomyocytes
This artery supplies the stomach, spleen and liver
Celiac trunk
These are beam-like structures inside the myocardium that form bridges/ridges with each other
Trabeculae canal
