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Anatomy > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

this is the largest organ of the body

A

skin

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2
Q

the functions of this organ are protection, absorption, containment, heat regulation, and synthesis and storage of vitamin D

A

skin

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3
Q

this is the most superficial layer of skin

A

epidermis

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4
Q

these cells produce melanin and are in the epidermis

A

melanocytes

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5
Q

these cells produce keratin and are located in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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6
Q

papillary ridges

A

fingerprints

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7
Q

is there blood flow or capillaries in the epidermis?

A

No

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8
Q

this is the middle layer of skin

A

dermis

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9
Q

this layer of skin contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscles, nails, and capillaries

A

dermis

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10
Q

these sweat glands are involved in heat regulation and are located in the palms, forehead, and neck

A

eccrine glands

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11
Q

these sweat glands start to release after puberty and are located in the groin and armpits

A

apocrine glands

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12
Q

these types of receptors respond to mechanical stimuli such as stroking, stretching, or vibration of skin

A

mechanoreceptors

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13
Q

these types of receptors respond to cold or hot temperatures

A

thermoreceptors

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14
Q

these types of receptors respond to certain types of chemicals either applied externally or released within the skin

A

chemoreceptors

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15
Q

these receptors are involved in the experience of pain and fire specifically to potentially tissue-damaging stimuli

A

nociceptors

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16
Q

this type of mechanoreceptor responds to pressure and lower frequency vibration in a rapid manner

A

meissner’s corpuscles

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17
Q

this type of mechanoreceptor detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations in a rapid manner

A

pacinian corpuscles

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18
Q

this type of mechanoreceptor responds to light pressure in a slower manner

A

merkel’s disks

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19
Q

this type of mechanoreceptor detects stretch in a slower manner

A

ruffini corpuscles

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20
Q

is sensory information afferent or efferent

A

afferent

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21
Q

is motor information afferent or efferent

A

efferent

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22
Q

this refers to a specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

A

dermatomes

23
Q

this dermatome is the level of the nipples

A

T4

24
Q

this dermatome is the level of the umbilicus

A

T10

25
Q

this dermatome is the front portion of the calf and includes 4 of the toes

A

L5

26
Q

these dermatomes include the perineum

A

S2,3,4

27
Q

this is the deepest layer of the skin

A

hypodermis

28
Q

this layer of the skin includes adipose tissue, and has blood and lymph vessels

A

hypodermis/ subcutaneous tissue

29
Q

this layer of the skin attaches the dermis to muscles and bones

A

hypodermis/ subcutaneous tissue

30
Q

this structure is below the skin and connects the skin with the deep fascia

A

superficial fascia

31
Q

these are white cords, fibrous tissue made of collagen

A

tendons

32
Q

flat or ribbon shaped tendons

A

aponeuroses

33
Q

these indicate suture direction

A

Langer’s lines/ tension lines

34
Q

this term refers to how well skin comes together with sutures

A

approximate

35
Q

this layer of the skin is the most important to approximate

A

dermis

36
Q

why is the dermis the most important skin layer to approximate?

A

it contains the blood supply necessary for healing

37
Q

the zone of cells that will recover from injury

A

zone of hyperemia

38
Q

the zone of cell injury that can either recover or transform into the zone of coagulation

A

zone of stasis

39
Q

the zone of cell death

A

zone of coagulation

40
Q

true or false- a greater than 20% total body surface area (TBSA) of a second degree requires fluid resuscitation

A

true

41
Q

this type of burn has no dermal involvement, is pink and painful, and is edematous (swollen)

A

superficial burn (previously first degree)

42
Q

this type of burn heals in about 3-5 days without scarring and may be caused by flame, sun, or a flash from an explosion

A

superficial burn (previously first degree burn)

43
Q

this type of burn is in the epidermis and papillary region of the dermis. It’s associated with bullae, serous fluid, edema, and is painful and cherry red moist appearing.

A

superficial partial thickness (previously superficial second degree burn)

44
Q

this type of burn heals in 7-28 days with minimal scarring and may be caused by flame, flash, scald, or contact

A

superficial partial thickness (previously superficial second degree)

45
Q

this type of burn involves the epidermis and reticular region of the dermis. It is associated with pain, bullae, serous fluid, edema, and is pale ivory moist appearing

A

deep partial thickness (previously deep second degree)

46
Q

this type of burn heals in 7-28 days with variable scarring and may be caused by flame, flash, scald, or contact

A

deep partial thickness (previously deep second degree)

47
Q

this type of burn extends into subcutaneous tissue, may appear white, yellow, brown, or black, is associated with loss of elasticity, edema, thrombosed vessels, escharotomy, and is painless

A

full thickness burn (previously third degree)

48
Q

this type of burn requires grafting

A

full thickness (previously 3rd degree)

49
Q

this type of burn may take 2-3 days to show true depth, and may be caused by flame, electricity, chemicals, and is associated with prolonged exposure

A

full thickness (previously third degree)

50
Q

this type of burn extends to the muscle and is associated with loss of function, amputation, escharotomy and fasciotomy, and may appear black

A

fourth degree burn

51
Q

this type of burn may be caused by prolonged exposure to flame, chemicals, and high voltage

A

fourth degree burn

52
Q

this is how to calculate surface area of burns

A

rule of nine’s

53
Q

this is a guideline/ formula for fluid resuscitation for burn victims

A

parkland formula

54
Q

V= 4 x Kg x % burned (rule of nine’s)

A

parkland formula: volume of fluid

Anatomy (6 decks)

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