Blue Boxes exam 1 Flashcards
what causes stretch marks?
damage to collagen fibers in the dermis
this burn is limited to the epidermis and has no significant swelling
superficial burn
this burn is limited to the epidermis and superficial dermis
superficial partial thickness
this burn includes the epidermis and dermis
deep partial thickness
in what 2 types of burns does loss of sensation occur?
full thickness and fourth degree burns
in this type of burn, the entire thickness of the skin is damaged and and often the subcutaneous tissue
full thickness burn
in this type of burn, the damage extends through the entire thickness of the skin into underlying fascia, muscle, or bone
forth degree burn
these occur when the walls of veins lose elasticity and become weak due to destroyed valve cusps or incompetent fascia leading to ineffective musculovenous pump
varicose veins
what are two major ways that cancer invades the body?
contiguity
metastasis
what are three ways cancer metastasizes?
direct seeding of serous membranes
lymphogenous spread
hematogenous spread
how is a C2 hangman’s fx best viewed on scan?
lateral x-ray
what is the MC cause of a hangman’s fx?
MVA- hyperextension of neck
what is a disc herniation?
protrusion of nucleus pulposus into or through annulus fibrosus
what type of disc herniation is most likely to be symptomatic?
posterolateral
why does herniation cause acute localized back pain?
pressure on longitudinal ligament and annulus fibrosus
chemical irritation from rupture
why does herniation cause chronic back pain?
compression of spinal nerve roots
what are the MC disc herniation locations?
L4-L5
L5-S1
if there is a L4-L5 herniation, which nerve is typically compressed?
L5 nerve
where are lumbar punctures typically given?
L3-L4 or L4-L5
where is the MC site of breast cancer?
supero-lateral quadrant
where is the MC lymphogenic metastasis nodes of breast cancer?
axillary lymph nodes
supraclavicular nodes
this is drainage from the pericardial sac to relieve tamponade
pericardiocentesis
where is a pericardiocentesis inserted?
left 5th or 6th intercostal space
this is chest pain due to ischemia of cardiac muscle
angina pectoris
what stimulates pain receptors during angina pectoris?
lactic acid
what is the MC reason for scapular winging?
long thoracic nerve injury (serratus anterior)
cause of medial winging?
long thoracic nerve injury
cause of lateral winging?
dorsal scapular nerve (levator scapulae and rhomboids)
on x-ray, air appears _______ and bone appears ______
black
white
list the ABCDEFGs of reading x-rays
Airway
Bones and soft tissues
Cardiac and mediastinum
Diaphragm
Effusions
Fields
Gastric bubble
Hilum
Parkland Formula
V= 4 x Kg x % body burned
does the heart appear larger in AP or PA view
AP view
in this condition, there is air within the subcutaneous tissue that is either introduced internally, externally, or locally
subcutaneous emphysema
what are the x-ray findings for subcutaneous emphysema?
areas of radiolucency that indicate gas in the subcutaneous tissue
