Blue Boxes exam 1

Question 1

what causes stretch marks?

Answer 1

damage to collagen fibers in the dermis

Question 2

this burn is limited to the epidermis and has no significant swelling

Answer 2

superficial burn

Question 3

this burn is limited to the epidermis and superficial dermis

Answer 3

superficial partial thickness

Question 4

this burn includes the epidermis and dermis

Answer 4

deep partial thickness

Question 5

in what 2 types of burns does loss of sensation occur?

Answer 5

full thickness and fourth degree burns

Question 6

in this type of burn, the entire thickness of the skin is damaged and and often the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 6

full thickness burn

Question 7

in this type of burn, the damage extends through the entire thickness of the skin into underlying fascia, muscle, or bone

Answer 7

forth degree burn

Question 8

these occur when the walls of veins lose elasticity and become weak due to destroyed valve cusps or incompetent fascia leading to ineffective musculovenous pump

Answer 8

varicose veins

Question 9

what are two major ways that cancer invades the body?

Answer 9

contiguity
metastasis

Question 10

what are three ways cancer metastasizes?

Answer 10

direct seeding of serous membranes
lymphogenous spread
hematogenous spread

Question 11

how is a C2 hangman’s fx best viewed on scan?

Answer 11

lateral x-ray

Question 12

what is the MC cause of a hangman’s fx?

Answer 12

MVA- hyperextension of neck

Question 13

what is a disc herniation?

Answer 13

protrusion of nucleus pulposus into or through annulus fibrosus

Question 14

what type of disc herniation is most likely to be symptomatic?

Answer 14

posterolateral

Question 15

why does herniation cause acute localized back pain?

Answer 15

pressure on longitudinal ligament and annulus fibrosus
chemical irritation from rupture

Question 16

why does herniation cause chronic back pain?

Answer 16

compression of spinal nerve roots

Question 17

what are the MC disc herniation locations?

Answer 17

L4-L5
L5-S1

Question 18

if there is a L4-L5 herniation, which nerve is typically compressed?

Answer 18

L5 nerve

Question 19

where are lumbar punctures typically given?

Answer 19

L3-L4 or L4-L5

Question 20

where is the MC site of breast cancer?

Answer 20

supero-lateral quadrant

Question 21

where is the MC lymphogenic metastasis nodes of breast cancer?

Answer 21

axillary lymph nodes
supraclavicular nodes

Question 22

this is drainage from the pericardial sac to relieve tamponade

Answer 22

pericardiocentesis

Question 23

where is a pericardiocentesis inserted?

Answer 23

left 5th or 6th intercostal space

Question 24

this is chest pain due to ischemia of cardiac muscle

Answer 24

angina pectoris

Question 25

what stimulates pain receptors during angina pectoris?

Answer 25

lactic acid

Question 26

what is the MC reason for scapular winging?

Answer 26

long thoracic nerve injury (serratus anterior)

Question 27

cause of medial winging?

Answer 27

long thoracic nerve injury

Question 28

cause of lateral winging?

Answer 28

dorsal scapular nerve (levator scapulae and rhomboids)

Question 29

on x-ray, air appears _______ and bone appears ______

Answer 29

black
white

Question 30

list the ABCDEFGs of reading x-rays

Answer 30

Airway
Bones and soft tissues
Cardiac and mediastinum
Diaphragm
Effusions
Fields
Gastric bubble
Hilum

Question 31

Parkland Formula

Answer 31

V= 4 x Kg x % body burned

Question 32

does the heart appear larger in AP or PA view

Answer 32

AP view

Question 33

in this condition, there is air within the subcutaneous tissue that is either introduced internally, externally, or locally

Answer 33

subcutaneous emphysema

Question 34

what are the x-ray findings for subcutaneous emphysema?

Answer 34

areas of radiolucency that indicate gas in the subcutaneous tissue