Blue Boxes exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what causes stretch marks?

A

damage to collagen fibers in the dermis

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2
Q

this burn is limited to the epidermis and has no significant swelling

A

superficial burn

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3
Q

this burn is limited to the epidermis and superficial dermis

A

superficial partial thickness

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4
Q

this burn includes the epidermis and dermis

A

deep partial thickness

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5
Q

in what 2 types of burns does loss of sensation occur?

A

full thickness and fourth degree burns

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6
Q

in this type of burn, the entire thickness of the skin is damaged and and often the subcutaneous tissue

A

full thickness burn

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7
Q

in this type of burn, the damage extends through the entire thickness of the skin into underlying fascia, muscle, or bone

A

forth degree burn

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8
Q

these occur when the walls of veins lose elasticity and become weak due to destroyed valve cusps or incompetent fascia leading to ineffective musculovenous pump

A

varicose veins

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9
Q

what are two major ways that cancer invades the body?

A

contiguity
metastasis

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10
Q

what are three ways cancer metastasizes?

A

direct seeding of serous membranes
lymphogenous spread
hematogenous spread

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11
Q

how is a C2 hangman’s fx best viewed on scan?

A

lateral x-ray

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12
Q

what is the MC cause of a hangman’s fx?

A

MVA- hyperextension of neck

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13
Q

what is a disc herniation?

A

protrusion of nucleus pulposus into or through annulus fibrosus

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14
Q

what type of disc herniation is most likely to be symptomatic?

A

posterolateral

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15
Q

why does herniation cause acute localized back pain?

A

pressure on longitudinal ligament and annulus fibrosus
chemical irritation from rupture

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16
Q

why does herniation cause chronic back pain?

A

compression of spinal nerve roots

17
Q

what are the MC disc herniation locations?

A

L4-L5
L5-S1

18
Q

if there is a L4-L5 herniation, which nerve is typically compressed?

19
Q

where are lumbar punctures typically given?

A

L3-L4 or L4-L5

20
Q

where is the MC site of breast cancer?

A

supero-lateral quadrant

21
Q

where is the MC lymphogenic metastasis nodes of breast cancer?

A

axillary lymph nodes
supraclavicular nodes

22
Q

this is drainage from the pericardial sac to relieve tamponade

A

pericardiocentesis

23
Q

where is a pericardiocentesis inserted?

A

left 5th or 6th intercostal space

24
Q

this is chest pain due to ischemia of cardiac muscle

A

angina pectoris

25
what stimulates pain receptors during angina pectoris?
lactic acid
26
what is the MC reason for scapular winging?
long thoracic nerve injury (serratus anterior)
27
cause of medial winging?
long thoracic nerve injury
28
cause of lateral winging?
dorsal scapular nerve (levator scapulae and rhomboids)
29
on x-ray, air appears _______ and bone appears ______
black white
30
list the ABCDEFGs of reading x-rays
Airway Bones and soft tissues Cardiac and mediastinum Diaphragm Effusions Fields Gastric bubble Hilum
31
Parkland Formula
V= 4 x Kg x % body burned
32
does the heart appear larger in AP or PA view
AP view
33
in this condition, there is air within the subcutaneous tissue that is either introduced internally, externally, or locally
subcutaneous emphysema
34
what are the x-ray findings for subcutaneous emphysema?
areas of radiolucency that indicate gas in the subcutaneous tissue