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Anatomy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

L1 lumbar plexus nerves

A

iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal

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2
Q

2 major arteries that the internal thoracic artery gives rise to

A

superior epigastric artery
musculophrenic artery

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3
Q

external iliac artery gives rise to what 2 arteries

A

inferior epigastric artery
deep iliac circumflex artery

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4
Q

which artery is the dominant supply to the anterior wall

A

inferior epigastric artery

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5
Q

what are 3 branches of the inferior epigastric artery?

A

muscular artery
pubic artery
external spermatic/ cremasteric artery

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6
Q

the femoral artery gives rise to what 2 arteries?

A

superifical epigastric
superficial external pudendal

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7
Q

this vein is responsible for caput medusa in liver cirrhosis

A

paraumbilical veins

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8
Q

lymph drainage above the umbilicus

A

pectoral nodes

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9
Q

lymph drainage below the umbilicus

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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10
Q

intercostal muscle nerve innervation

A

T7-T11

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11
Q

subcostal muscle nerve intervation

A

T12

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12
Q

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve innervation

A

L1

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13
Q

this abd muscle is the straigt muscle of the abdomen and has tendonous intersections

A

rectus abdominis

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14
Q

this muscle of the abdomen forms lateral portion of inguinal canal and the cremasteric muscle

A

internal oblique

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15
Q

this action of this abdominal muscle is flexion of the vertebral column

A

external oblique

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16
Q

this abdominal muscle forms the inguinal ligament and superficial ring of the inguinal canal

A

external oblique

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17
Q

this abdominal muscle flexes and laterally bends the trunk, supports, and increases intra-abdominal pressure

A

transverse abdominis

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18
Q

this abdominal muscle forms the deep ring of the inguinal canal

A

transverse abdominis

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19
Q

name the layers of the rectus sheath from superficial to deep

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus

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20
Q

this is where the rectus sheath becomes anterior only

A

arcuate line

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21
Q

what are 4 different types of abd hernias?

A

umbilical
incisional
linea alba
linea semilunaris

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22
Q

this type of abdominal incision is along the linea alba and avoids arteries

A

midline

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23
Q

this type of abdominal incision is a horizontal cut and avoids nerve damage

A

transverse

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24
Q

this type of abdominal incision is 2.5 cm below costal margin to avoid the 7th thoracic nerve and is used for gallbladder and spleen procedures

A

subcostal

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25
Q

this type of abdominal incision splits muscle fibers and is used for appendectomies

A

muscle splitting

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26
Q

what are the 3 umbilical ligaments?

A

median umbilical
paired medial umbilical
paired lateral umbilical

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27
Q

if this umbilical ligament fails to close it may lead to urine leakage, it is also used for landmark for laparotomy

A

median umbilical ligament

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28
Q

these umbilical ligments are remnants of the umbilical arteries

A

paired medial umbilical ligaments

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29
Q

the action of this posterior abd muscle is extension and flexion of the vertebral column

A

quadratus lumborum

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30
Q

this posterior abd muscle flexes the vertebral column and the thigh

A

psoas

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31
Q

this is a fan shaped posterior abd muscle

A

iliacus

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32
Q

this is formed by 2 posterior abd muscles and is the major flexor of the thigh

A

iliopsoas

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33
Q

this is the most important nerve of the lumbar plexus

A

femoral nerve

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34
Q

this major nerve of the lumbar plexus innervates the anterior, lateral and medial leg

A

femoral nerve

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35
Q

2 major peripheral branches of lumbar plexus

A

L1- ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric

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36
Q

this is a double layer of peritoneum connecting viscera to abd wall

A

mesentery

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37
Q

this is a double layer of peritoneum attached to the stomach

A

omentum

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38
Q

this part of the peritoneum forms a ligament and connects viscera to abd wall

A

peritoneal ligament

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39
Q

this recess is posterior to the appendix

A

retrocecal

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40
Q

this recess is the lowest point in peritoneal cavity when supine and is the recess of the greater sac to the right of the epiloic foramen

A

Morrison’s pouch/ hepatorenal recess

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41
Q

these recesses are lateral to the ascending and descending colon

A

paracolic gutters

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42
Q

this recess is between the diaphragm and liver

A

subphrenic
*subphrenic abscess

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43
Q

peritonitis generates sticky fluid containing _______

A

fibrin

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44
Q

greater splanchnic nerve includes….

A

T5-T9

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45
Q

lesser splanchnic nerve includes…

A

T10 and T11

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46
Q

least splanchnic nerve includes…

A

T12

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47
Q

lumbar splanchnic nerve includes….

A

L1-L3

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48
Q

where does the greater splanchnic nerve synapse?

A

celiac ganglia

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49
Q

where does the lesser splanchnic nerve synapse?

A

superior mesenteric ganglia

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50
Q

where does the least splanchnic nerve synapse?

A

superior mesenteric ganglia

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51
Q

where does the lumbar splanchnic nerve synapse?

A

inferior mesenteric ganglia

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52
Q

PS innervation of the abdomen includes what 2 major nerves?

A

vagus
pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)

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53
Q

what 2 plexuses does the vagus nerve utilize to innervate the GI tract?

A

celiac plexus
superior mesenteric plexus

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54
Q

what plexus does the pelvic splanchnic nerve utilize to innervate the gut?

A

inferior mesenteric plexus

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55
Q

what 3 arteries does the celiac trunk give rise to?

A

L gastric
splenic
common hepatic
* proper hepatic
* gastroduodenal- superior pancreaticoduodenal
* R gastric

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56
Q

branches of SMA

A

inferior pacreaticoduodenal
middle colic
R colic
iliocolic

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57
Q

branches of IMA

A

L colic
sigmoid branches
superior rectal artery

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58
Q

this is the junction between squamous epithelium and gastric columnar epithelium at the stomach

A

Z line

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59
Q

where is the MC site of gastric ulcers?

A

lesser curvature

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60
Q

if gastric ulcers are found here, they are considered cancerous until proven otherwise

A

greater curvature

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61
Q

rugae are almost absent along which stomach curvature

A

lesser

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62
Q

this is the 1st section of the small intestine

A

duodenum

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63
Q

this section of the small intestine has thick walls, more prominent plicae circulares and the mesentary has less fat, allowing branches of the emsenteric artery to be more clear

A

jejunum

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64
Q

this part of the small intestine has peyer’s patches and more arcades

A

ileum

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65
Q

these veins combine to form the portal vein

A

superior mesenteric
splenic (inferior mesenteric flows into splenic)

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66
Q

where is diverticulosis most of the time?

A

sigmoid colon

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67
Q

where is the appendix usually located?

A

retrocecal

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68
Q

what are 4 signs that can indicate appendicitis

A
  1. McBurney’s point
  2. Rovsing sign
  3. Psoaas sign
  4. Obturator sign
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69
Q

this branch of the SMA supplies the cecum and appendix

A

ileocolic artery

70
Q

this artery connects the SMA (middle colic) and IMA (L colic)

A

marginal artery

71
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A
  1. L lobe
  2. R lobe
  3. caudate
  4. quadrate
72
Q

liver HTN/ cirrhosis leads to ____________ anastomoses

A

portosystemic

73
Q

what 3 types of varicies can liver HTN lead to?

A
  1. esophageal
  2. caput medusa (paraumbilical veins)
  3. hemorrhoids
74
Q

gallbladder arterial supply

A

cystic artery

75
Q

what do you have to cut for a cholecystectomy?

A

cystic duct

76
Q

this duct comes from the liver

A

hepatic duct

77
Q

this duct comes from the gallbaldder

A

cystic duct

78
Q

this duct is formed by the cystic and hepatic ducts

A

common bile duct

79
Q

where do bile ducts empty?

A

duodenum

80
Q

pancreas arterial supply

A

splenic
superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal

81
Q

this part of the spleen produces lymphocytes

A

white pulp

82
Q

this part of the spleen filters blood and contains phagocytes

A

red pulp

83
Q

what 3 vaccines must be obtained after splenectomy

A
  1. h flu
  2. strep pneumoniae
  3. n meningitis
84
Q

where do the lower 6 thoracic nerves lie

A

between internal oblique and transversalis muscle

85
Q

what 3 muscles form the inguinal canal

A
  1. external oblique
  2. transversalis fascia
  3. internal oblique
86
Q

what part(s) of the inguinal canal does the external oblique form?

A
  • superficial inguinal ring
  • inguinal ligament
  • anterior wall
87
Q

what part of the inguinal canal does the transversalis fascia form?

A
  • deep ring
  • posterior wall
88
Q

what part of the inguinal canal does the internal oblique form?

A

roof

89
Q

if an inguinal hernia passes through the ____ ring, it may travel to the scrotum or labia

A

superficial

90
Q

this area contains the depression through which ________ inguinal hernias protude

A

Hasselbach triangle
direct hernias

91
Q

what marks the borders of Hasselbach’s triangle?

A

rectus abdominis
inferior epigastric vessels
inguinal ligament

92
Q

origin of indirect inguinal hernias

A

deep inguinal ring
lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

93
Q

origin of direct inguinal hernias

A

posterior wall of inguinal canal
medial to inferior epigastric

94
Q

list the cause, age, and location of indirect hernias

A

cause- congenital
age- children and young adults
location- unilateral, R side MC

95
Q

list the cause, age and location of direct hernias

A

cause- acquired–> weak abd muscles (lifting)
age- older adults (men)
location- bilateral

96
Q

this is an outpouching of peritoneum that occurs at the 12th week of fetal life

A

processus vaginalis

97
Q

if this structure fails to obliterate at birth, congenital inguinal hernia is more likely

A

processus vaginalis

98
Q

this is excessive fluid in the scrotum

A

hydrocele

99
Q

what part of the testis produce sperm?

A

seminiferous tubules

100
Q

the gubernaculum becomes what?

A

scrotal ligament

101
Q

the distal part of the processus vaginalis becomes what?

A

tunica vaginalis

102
Q

if a testis is undescended, does it produce sperm?

A

no

103
Q

where is mature sperm stored?

A

epididymis

104
Q

what part of the epididymis becomes continuous with the ductus deferns?

A

tail

105
Q

in this reflex, you strok the internal medial thigh and the testicles retract

A

cremastic reflex

106
Q

the cremastic reflex assumes what is intact?

A

genitofemoral nerve

107
Q

what abdominal muscle forms the cremasteric muscle?

A

internal oblique

108
Q

this scrotal muscle is smooth involuntary muscle that responds to temperature

A

dartos

109
Q

this fasica of the testis is continuous with membranous layers of abd wall and is responsible for the scrotal septum

A

scarpa’s fascia

110
Q

what are the major pelvic bones?

A

sacrum
coccyx
os coxae (hip bones)

111
Q

this divides the true and the false pelvis

A

pelvic brim

112
Q

what does the true pelvis contain?

A

bladder and reproductive organs

113
Q

what is in the false pelvis

A

ileum and sigmoid colon

114
Q

these pelvic ligaments divide the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

sacrospinous and sacrotuberous

115
Q

what structures go through the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  • superior and inferior gluteal nerves and arteries
  • piriformis muscle
  • sciatic nerve
116
Q

what structures go through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A
  • internal pudendal artery and vein
  • obturator tendon
  • nerve to obturator
117
Q

what nerve leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, then re-enters via the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

pudendal nerve

118
Q

what levels is the sacral nerve plexus?

A

L4-S3

119
Q

what 2 major nerves make up the sacral plexus and what levels are they?

A

sciatic- L4-S3
pudendal- S2-S4

120
Q

lumbosacral plexus includes what spinal nerves?

A

L4-S4

121
Q

what 3 structures form the pelvic floor?

A

levator ani
small coccygeus muscles
covering fascia

122
Q

what are the 3 parts of the levator ani muscle?

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

123
Q

this pelvic muscle supports and flexes the coccyx

A

coccygeus

124
Q

what 2 things can lead to levator ani/ pelvic floor dysfunction

A

pudendal nerve
lumbosacral plexus

125
Q

this pelvic muscle rotates the thigh laterally, is innervated by the internal pudendal and gluteal arteries, and the fibers pass through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

obturator internus

126
Q

this pelvic muscle passes through the sciatic foramen and is a lateral rotator when the hip is extended and an abductor when hip is flexed

A

piriformis

127
Q

anterior pelvic ligaments

A

puboprostatic
pubovesicle

128
Q

this ligament of the pelvis can be found posteriorly and connects the sacrum around one side of the rectum to the prostate or vagina

A

sacrogenital ligament

129
Q

this subperitoneal ligament is passive support of the uterus

A

cardinal ligament

130
Q

this subparitoneal ligament is for stability of the uterus and cervix

A

retrouterine

131
Q

this subperitoneal fascia is for the passage of nerves and vessels

A

hypogastric sheath

132
Q

this is located between the anal canal and the perineal membrane

A

perineal body

133
Q

this is where ureteric orifices are in the bladder

A

trigone

134
Q

this is the muscle that tightens with bladder contraction

A

detrusor

135
Q

what are the 4 parts of the male urethra?

A

intramural/ preprostatic
prostatic
intermediate/ membranous
spongy

136
Q

this structure carries sperm from the testis to ejaculatory duct

A

ductus deferens

137
Q

this is the junction of the vas deferns and the duct of the seminal vesical

A

ejaculatory duct

138
Q

this is attached to the bladder and does not store sperm

A

seminal vesical

139
Q

this gland produces mucus like secretions that enter the urethra during sexual arousal to protect the sperm from acidic urine

A

bulbo-urethral gland

140
Q

this ligament attaches the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

A

broad ligament

141
Q

this ligament attaches the ovary to the uterus just below the point where uterine tube enters the uterus

A

ovarian ligament

142
Q

this ligament holds the uterus forward

A

round ligament

143
Q

this ligament covers neurovascular supply of the uterus

A

suspensory ligaments

144
Q

this ligament connects the isthmus of the uterus to the sacrum

A

uterosacral ligament

145
Q

this is the open end of the fallopian tube that surrounds portion of ovary

A

ostium

146
Q

what are the parts of the fallopian tube?

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

147
Q

this part of the anus/ rectum can be a site for infection that spreads quickly

A

ischio-anal fossae

148
Q

this is a horizontal passageway through the obturator fascia from the lesser sciatic notch to the posterior edge of the perineal membrane that contains the pudendal nerve, artery, and vein

A

Alcock’s canal

149
Q

what spinal nerve controls the external anal sphnicter?

A

S4

150
Q

this is where the anal cell type changes and squamous metaplasia are found

A

pectinate line/ anal transformation zone (ATZ)

151
Q

what are the 2 major portions of the penile body?

A

corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum

152
Q

what 2 major nerves are responsible for erection?

A

pudendal nerve S2-S4
pelvic splanchnic nerve S2,3,4
* S2, 3, 4 keeps the penis off the floor

153
Q
A

dextrocardia

154
Q
A

pleural effusion

155
Q
A

Blunting of costophrenic angle, common in pleural effusion

156
Q
A

pneumomediastinum
*less demarcated than pneumopericardium
*doesn’t extend as far as pneumopericardium

157
Q
A

pneumothorax
-may see airway deviation
-lack of lung markings
- deep sulcus sign when pt lying on back

158
Q
A

pneumopericardium
- more demarcated and extends farther than pneumomediastinum

159
Q
A

elevated hemidiaphragm

160
Q
A

batwing (CHF)

161
Q
A

kerley B lines

162
Q
A

miliar TB

163
Q
A

cavitating lung mass

164
Q
A

silhouette sign

165
Q
A

pneumonia

166
Q
A

lung nodule (<3 cm)

167
Q
A

lung mass (>3 cm)

168
Q

where is proper central line/ PICC line placement?

A

junction of SVC and RA

169
Q

where should ET tubes be placed?

A

5 cm above carina

170
Q

list heart valves as they appear in cxr (top to bottom)

A

pulmonary
aortic- in profile
mitral- en face
tricuspid

Anatomy (6 decks)

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