Back Flashcards
what 2 spinal areas have kyphosis?
thoracic and sacral
what two spinal areas have lordosis?
cervical and lumbar
what is scoliosis?
inward curvature of spinous processes
this cervical vertebrae has an occipital condyle and no body
atlas
this cervical vertebrae has a dens and is the strongest cervical vertebrae
axis
what type of vertebrae is pictured?
cervical
what two facets do the ribs articulate with?
superior and transverse costal facets
where do you insert spinal blocks?
L3-L4 or L4-L5
what type of vertebrae is pictured?
thoracic vertebrae
what type of vertebrae is pictured?
lumbar vertebrae
this ligament is wide and located anteriorly on the vertebral bodies and limits extension
anterior longitudinal ligament
this ligament is narrow and weaker, located posteriorly on the vertebral bodies and limits flexion
posterior longitudinal ligament
this is the median ligament of the neck which substitutes as bone for muscle attachment C3-C5 spinous processes
nuchal ligament
this ligament is between lamina and limits flexion
ligamentum flavum
how long is the spinal cord?
45cm
what level does the spinal cord terminate?
L1-L2 (becomes conus medullaris)
L3 in neonates
list the 3 spinal cord meninges
dura matter
arachnoid matter
pia matter
what level does the dura matter end
S2
this is an extension of the dura that holds the spinal cord in place from the conus medullaris to the coccyx
filum terminale
there are 21 pairs of these that attach to the spinal cord to the arachnoid and dura matter
denticulate ligaments (formed by pia matter)
this is the subarachnoid space between the conus medullaris (L2) and the end of the dural sac (S2)
lumbar cistern
how many spinal nerves are there?
31
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
where do cervical nerve roots exit?
above their corresponding level
where do thoracic and lumbar nerve roots exit?
below their corresponding level
list the 4 major supply arteries of the spinal cord
vertebral
intercostal
lumbar
lateral sacral
what are the MC levels of disc herniations?
L4-L5 or L5-S1
cervical herniations 2nd most common
true or false: the spinal nerve of the same level of disc herniation is the one that is impaired
false- the nerve on the same level exits superior to the herniation
the next level spinal nerve is typically affected
list the origin and insertion of the trapezius
O- external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, nuchal line, C7- T12 spinous processes
I- posterior border of lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
trapezius arterial and nerve supply
A- transverse cervical artery
N- spinal accessory nerve
trapezius actions
rotation, retraction, elevation, and depression of scapula
latissimus dorsi origin and insertion
O- T7-L5 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula, inferior ribs
I- floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
latissimus dorsi arterial and nerve supply
A- thoracodorsal branch off subclavian artery
N- thoracodorsal nerve off subscapular artery
action of latissimus dorsi
adducts, extends, and internally rotates the arm
list the origin and insertion for the rhomboids
O of minor- nuchal ligament and C7-T1 spinous processes
O of major- T2-T5 vertebrae
I- medial border of scapula
rhomboids arterial and nerve supply
A- dorsal scapular artery
N- dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
rhomboid action
retract scapular and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapular to thoracic wall
levator scapulae action and artery and nerve supply
action- elevates scapula
A- brachial plexus
N- dorsal scapular nerve
list the action of the inferior and superior serratus posterior muscles
inferior- forced expiration
superior- forced inspiration
action of erector spinae
extension and lateral flexion of back
action of interspinales
extends vertebral column
action of splenius
extension of neck
action of levator costorum
elevates ribs
list the deep back muscle vasculature
Highest thoracic artery trunk
Thoracoacromial trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
Anterior circumflex artery
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboids
levator scapulae
serratus posterior
splenius capitis
errector spinae
interspinales
levator costarum
