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Question 1

what 2 spinal areas have kyphosis?

Answer 1

thoracic and sacral

Question 2

what two spinal areas have lordosis?

Answer 2

cervical and lumbar

Question 3

what is scoliosis?

Answer 3

inward curvature of spinous processes

Question 4

this cervical vertebrae has an occipital condyle and no body

Answer 4

atlas

Question 5

this cervical vertebrae has a dens and is the strongest cervical vertebrae

Answer 5

axis

Question 6

what type of vertebrae is pictured?

Answer 6

cervical

Question 7

what two facets do the ribs articulate with?

Answer 7

superior and transverse costal facets

Question 8

where do you insert spinal blocks?

Answer 8

L3-L4 or L4-L5

Question 9

what type of vertebrae is pictured?

Answer 9

thoracic vertebrae

Question 10

what type of vertebrae is pictured?

Answer 10

lumbar vertebrae

Question 11

this ligament is wide and located anteriorly on the vertebral bodies and limits extension

Answer 11

anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 12

this ligament is narrow and weaker, located posteriorly on the vertebral bodies and limits flexion

Answer 12

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 13

this is the median ligament of the neck which substitutes as bone for muscle attachment C3-C5 spinous processes

Answer 13

nuchal ligament

Question 14

this ligament is between lamina and limits flexion

Answer 14

ligamentum flavum

Question 15

how long is the spinal cord?

Answer 15

45cm

Question 16

what level does the spinal cord terminate?

Answer 16

L1-L2 (becomes conus medullaris)
L3 in neonates

Question 17

list the 3 spinal cord meninges

Answer 17

dura matter
arachnoid matter
pia matter

Question 18

what level does the dura matter end

Answer 18

S2

Question 19

this is an extension of the dura that holds the spinal cord in place from the conus medullaris to the coccyx

Answer 19

filum terminale

Question 20

there are 21 pairs of these that attach to the spinal cord to the arachnoid and dura matter

Answer 20

denticulate ligaments (formed by pia matter)

Question 21

this is the subarachnoid space between the conus medullaris (L2) and the end of the dural sac (S2)

Answer 21

lumbar cistern

Question 22

how many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 22

31
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 23

where do cervical nerve roots exit?

Answer 23

above their corresponding level

Question 24

where do thoracic and lumbar nerve roots exit?

Answer 24

below their corresponding level

Question 25

list the 4 major supply arteries of the spinal cord

Answer 25

vertebral
intercostal
lumbar
lateral sacral

Question 26

what are the MC levels of disc herniations?

Answer 26

L4-L5 or L5-S1

cervical herniations 2nd most common

Question 27

true or false: the spinal nerve of the same level of disc herniation is the one that is impaired

Answer 27

false- the nerve on the same level exits superior to the herniation

the next level spinal nerve is typically affected

Question 28

list the origin and insertion of the trapezius

Answer 28

O- external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, nuchal line, C7- T12 spinous processes

I- posterior border of lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

Question 29

trapezius arterial and nerve supply

Answer 29

A- transverse cervical artery
N- spinal accessory nerve

Question 30

trapezius actions

Answer 30

rotation, retraction, elevation, and depression of scapula

Question 31

latissimus dorsi origin and insertion

Answer 31

O- T7-L5 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula, inferior ribs

I- floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 32

latissimus dorsi arterial and nerve supply

Answer 32

A- thoracodorsal branch off subclavian artery
N- thoracodorsal nerve off subscapular artery

Question 33

action of latissimus dorsi

Answer 33

adducts, extends, and internally rotates the arm

Question 34

list the origin and insertion for the rhomboids

Answer 34

O of minor- nuchal ligament and C7-T1 spinous processes
O of major- T2-T5 vertebrae

I- medial border of scapula

Question 35

rhomboids arterial and nerve supply

Answer 35

A- dorsal scapular artery
N- dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)

Question 36

rhomboid action

Answer 36

retract scapular and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapular to thoracic wall

Question 37

levator scapulae action and artery and nerve supply

Answer 37

action- elevates scapula
A- brachial plexus
N- dorsal scapular nerve

Question 38

list the action of the inferior and superior serratus posterior muscles

Answer 38

inferior- forced expiration
superior- forced inspiration

Question 39

action of erector spinae

Answer 39

extension and lateral flexion of back

Question 40

action of interspinales

Answer 40

extends vertebral column

Question 41

action of splenius

Answer 41

extension of neck

Question 42

action of levator costorum

Answer 42

elevates ribs

Question 43

list the deep back muscle vasculature

Answer 43

Highest thoracic artery trunk
Thoracoacromial trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
Anterior circumflex artery

Question 44

Answer 44

trapezius

Question 45

Answer 45

latissimus dorsi

Question 46

Answer 46

rhomboids

Question 47

Answer 47

levator scapulae

Question 48

Answer 48

serratus posterior

Question 49

Answer 49

splenius capitis

Question 50

Answer 50

errector spinae

Question 51

Answer 51

interspinales

Question 52

Answer 52

levator costarum