Back Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 spinal areas have kyphosis?

A

thoracic and sacral

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2
Q

what two spinal areas have lordosis?

A

cervical and lumbar

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3
Q

what is scoliosis?

A

inward curvature of spinous processes

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4
Q

this cervical vertebrae has an occipital condyle and no body

A

atlas

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5
Q

this cervical vertebrae has a dens and is the strongest cervical vertebrae

A

axis

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6
Q

what type of vertebrae is pictured?

A

cervical

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7
Q

what two facets do the ribs articulate with?

A

superior and transverse costal facets

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8
Q

where do you insert spinal blocks?

A

L3-L4 or L4-L5

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9
Q

what type of vertebrae is pictured?

A

thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

what type of vertebrae is pictured?

A

lumbar vertebrae

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11
Q

this ligament is wide and located anteriorly on the vertebral bodies and limits extension

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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12
Q

this ligament is narrow and weaker, located posteriorly on the vertebral bodies and limits flexion

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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13
Q

this is the median ligament of the neck which substitutes as bone for muscle attachment C3-C5 spinous processes

A

nuchal ligament

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14
Q

this ligament is between lamina and limits flexion

A

ligamentum flavum

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15
Q

how long is the spinal cord?

A

45cm

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16
Q

what level does the spinal cord terminate?

A

L1-L2 (becomes conus medullaris)
L3 in neonates

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17
Q

list the 3 spinal cord meninges

A

dura matter
arachnoid matter
pia matter

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18
Q

what level does the dura matter end

A

S2

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19
Q

this is an extension of the dura that holds the spinal cord in place from the conus medullaris to the coccyx

A

filum terminale

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20
Q

there are 21 pairs of these that attach to the spinal cord to the arachnoid and dura matter

A

denticulate ligaments (formed by pia matter)

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21
Q

this is the subarachnoid space between the conus medullaris (L2) and the end of the dural sac (S2)

A

lumbar cistern

22
Q

how many spinal nerves are there?

A

31
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

23
Q

where do cervical nerve roots exit?

A

above their corresponding level

24
Q

where do thoracic and lumbar nerve roots exit?

A

below their corresponding level

25
list the 4 major supply arteries of the spinal cord
vertebral intercostal lumbar lateral sacral
26
what are the MC levels of disc herniations?
L4-L5 or L5-S1 cervical herniations 2nd most common
27
true or false: the spinal nerve of the same level of disc herniation is the one that is impaired
false- the nerve on the same level exits superior to the herniation the next level spinal nerve is typically affected
28
list the origin and insertion of the trapezius
O- external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, nuchal line, C7- T12 spinous processes I- posterior border of lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
29
trapezius arterial and nerve supply
A- transverse cervical artery N- spinal accessory nerve
30
trapezius actions
rotation, retraction, elevation, and depression of scapula
31
latissimus dorsi origin and insertion
O- T7-L5 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula, inferior ribs I- floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
32
latissimus dorsi arterial and nerve supply
A- thoracodorsal branch off subclavian artery N- thoracodorsal nerve off subscapular artery
33
action of latissimus dorsi
adducts, extends, and internally rotates the arm
34
list the origin and insertion for the rhomboids
O of minor- nuchal ligament and C7-T1 spinous processes O of major- T2-T5 vertebrae I- medial border of scapula
35
rhomboids arterial and nerve supply
A- dorsal scapular artery N- dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
36
rhomboid action
retract scapular and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapular to thoracic wall
37
levator scapulae action and artery and nerve supply
action- elevates scapula A- brachial plexus N- dorsal scapular nerve
38
list the action of the inferior and superior serratus posterior muscles
inferior- forced expiration superior- forced inspiration
39
action of erector spinae
extension and lateral flexion of back
40
action of interspinales
extends vertebral column
41
action of splenius
extension of neck
42
action of levator costorum
elevates ribs
43
list the deep back muscle vasculature
Highest thoracic artery trunk Thoracoacromial trunk Lateral thoracic artery Subscapular artery Posterior humeral circumflex artery Anterior circumflex artery
44
trapezius
45
latissimus dorsi
46
rhomboids
47
levator scapulae
48
serratus posterior
49
splenius capitis
50
errector spinae
51
interspinales
52
levator costarum