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Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 spinal areas have kyphosis?

A

thoracic and sacral

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2
Q

what two spinal areas have lordosis?

A

cervical and lumbar

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3
Q

what is scoliosis?

A

inward curvature of spinous processes

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4
Q

this cervical vertebrae has an occipital condyle and no body

A

atlas

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5
Q

this cervical vertebrae has a dens and is the strongest cervical vertebrae

A

axis

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6
Q

what type of vertebrae is pictured?

A

cervical

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7
Q

what two facets do the ribs articulate with?

A

superior and transverse costal facets

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8
Q

where do you insert spinal blocks?

A

L3-L4 or L4-L5

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9
Q

what type of vertebrae is pictured?

A

thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

what type of vertebrae is pictured?

A

lumbar vertebrae

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11
Q

this ligament is wide and located anteriorly on the vertebral bodies and limits extension

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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12
Q

this ligament is narrow and weaker, located posteriorly on the vertebral bodies and limits flexion

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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13
Q

this is the median ligament of the neck which substitutes as bone for muscle attachment C3-C5 spinous processes

A

nuchal ligament

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14
Q

this ligament is between lamina and limits flexion

A

ligamentum flavum

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15
Q

how long is the spinal cord?

A

45cm

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16
Q

what level does the spinal cord terminate?

A

L1-L2 (becomes conus medullaris)
L3 in neonates

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17
Q

list the 3 spinal cord meninges

A

dura matter
arachnoid matter
pia matter

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18
Q

what level does the dura matter end

A

S2

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19
Q

this is an extension of the dura that holds the spinal cord in place from the conus medullaris to the coccyx

A

filum terminale

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20
Q

there are 21 pairs of these that attach to the spinal cord to the arachnoid and dura matter

A

denticulate ligaments (formed by pia matter)

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21
Q

this is the subarachnoid space between the conus medullaris (L2) and the end of the dural sac (S2)

A

lumbar cistern

22
Q

how many spinal nerves are there?

A

31
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

23
Q

where do cervical nerve roots exit?

A

above their corresponding level

24
Q

where do thoracic and lumbar nerve roots exit?

A

below their corresponding level

25
Q

list the 4 major supply arteries of the spinal cord

A

vertebral
intercostal
lumbar
lateral sacral

26
Q

what are the MC levels of disc herniations?

A

L4-L5 or L5-S1

cervical herniations 2nd most common

27
Q

true or false: the spinal nerve of the same level of disc herniation is the one that is impaired

A

false- the nerve on the same level exits superior to the herniation

the next level spinal nerve is typically affected

28
Q

list the origin and insertion of the trapezius

A

O- external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, nuchal line, C7- T12 spinous processes

I- posterior border of lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

29
Q

trapezius arterial and nerve supply

A

A- transverse cervical artery
N- spinal accessory nerve

30
Q

trapezius actions

A

rotation, retraction, elevation, and depression of scapula

31
Q

latissimus dorsi origin and insertion

A

O- T7-L5 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula, inferior ribs

I- floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

32
Q

latissimus dorsi arterial and nerve supply

A

A- thoracodorsal branch off subclavian artery
N- thoracodorsal nerve off subscapular artery

33
Q

action of latissimus dorsi

A

adducts, extends, and internally rotates the arm

34
Q

list the origin and insertion for the rhomboids

A

O of minor- nuchal ligament and C7-T1 spinous processes
O of major- T2-T5 vertebrae

I- medial border of scapula

35
Q

rhomboids arterial and nerve supply

A

A- dorsal scapular artery
N- dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)

36
Q

rhomboid action

A

retract scapular and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapular to thoracic wall

37
Q

levator scapulae action and artery and nerve supply

A

action- elevates scapula
A- brachial plexus
N- dorsal scapular nerve

38
Q

list the action of the inferior and superior serratus posterior muscles

A

inferior- forced expiration
superior- forced inspiration

39
Q

action of erector spinae

A

extension and lateral flexion of back

40
Q

action of interspinales

A

extends vertebral column

41
Q

action of splenius

A

extension of neck

42
Q

action of levator costorum

A

elevates ribs

43
Q

list the deep back muscle vasculature

A

Highest thoracic artery trunk
Thoracoacromial trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
Anterior circumflex artery

44
Q
A

trapezius

45
Q
A

latissimus dorsi

46
Q
A

rhomboids

47
Q
A

levator scapulae

48
Q
A

serratus posterior

49
Q
A

splenius capitis

50
Q
A

errector spinae

51
Q
A

interspinales

52
Q
A

levator costarum

Anatomy (6 decks)

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