Exam 4 Flashcards
where does the pituitary sit
sella turcica of sphenoid bone
positioning of pituitary gland
behind bridge of nose
below hypothalamus and optic chiasm
between carotid arteries
epidural hematomas involve what type of blood?
arterial
what type of injury commonly proceeds epidural hematomas?
skull fx
shape of epidural hematoma on CT
lens shaped
subdural hematomas involve what type of blood?
venous
what 2 layers are subdural hematomas between?
dura and arachnoid mater
what type of injuries commonly proceed subdural hematomas?
fall or blow to the head–> tears bridging veins
shape of subdural hematoma on CT
crescent shape
what type of hematoma CAN cross sutures?
subdural
epidural hematomas are referred to as ______ since they do not cross sutures
lentiform
this drains blood from the brain and face and drains into the pterygoid plexus
cavernous sinus
what is the MC orbital fx?
blow out fx- specifically floor fx
list 3 major arteries to the thyroid
superior thyroid artery
inferior thyroid artery
thyroid IMA
the superior thyroid artery is a branch of what major vessel?
external carotid
the inferior thyroid artery is a branch of what major vessel?
thyrocervical trunk
the thyroid ima artery is a branch of what vessel?
subclavian artery
why is there such extensive anastomoses in the thyroid?
ensures collateral flow between subclavian and external carotids
this dural infolding separates the L and R hemispheres of the cerebrum
cerebral falx
what 2 sinuses does the cerebral falx form?
superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
this dural infolding separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellum
cerebral tentorium
where is the retropharyngeal space located between?
behind pharynx and esophagus
in front of prevertebral muscles
infection of retropharyngeal space typically won’t spread if it’s located where?
between investing layer and muscular part of pretracheal fascia
infection of the retropharyngeal space will spread to the thorax if located here
between investing fascia and visceral fascia of pretracheal fascia
retropharyngeal abscess here will lead to a bulge posterior to SCM and may lead to pneumomediastinum
posterior to prevertebral layer of deep fascia
what 4 vessels form kiesselbach plexus?
ethmoid artery
sphenopalatine artery
greater palatine artery
superior labial artery
where does the olfactory nerve exit?
cribriform plate
where does the optic nerve exit?
optic canal
where does the oculomotor nerve exit?
superior orbital fissure
where does the trochlear nerve exit?
superior orbital fissure
where does the trigeminal nerve exit?
superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
where does the abducens nerve exit?
superior orbital fissure
where does the facial nerve exit?
internal acoustic meatus
where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit?
internal acoustic meatus
where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit?
jugular foramen
where does the vagus nerve exit?
jugular foramen
where does the accessory nerve exit?
jugular foramen
where does the hypoglossal nerve exit?
hypoglossal canal
smell
CN1
sight
CN2
EOM
opens eye
pupillary constriction and accommodation
CN3
superior oblique–> eye down and in
CN4
mastication
opens mouth
CN5
lateral eye movement via lateral rectus
CN6
tear and saliva excretion
taste
CN7
hearing and balance
CN8
taste
CN9
swallowing
chemo and baroreceptors
CN10
shrugs shoulders via SCM and trapezius
CN11
tongue movement via intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
CN12
what nerve innervates anterior 2/3 of tongue and stapedius of external ear
CN7
what nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal
what nerve innervates the soft palate?
CN10
which nerve innervates the eustachian tube, carotid body and sylopharyngeus?
CN9
