Exam 3 Flashcards by Trinity Smith

this sign results from weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus, leading to contralateral pelvis drop

trendelenburg sign

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this type of fx commonly occurs when the sole of the foot is heavily compressed and if there is disruption of the interosseous ligament, avascular necrosis results

talus fx

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this is the MC tarsal fx

calcaneal fx

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avulsion fx of 5th metatarsal cause

stress placed on fibularis brevis tendon during muscle contraction

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this injury is common in athletes and dancers due to hyperdorsiflexion

dislocation of 1st metatarsal

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gout commonly affects which toe?

big toe

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cause of IT band syndrome

excessive friction while sliding over lateral femoral epicondyle

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where is pain MC in IT band syndrome?

lateral knee pain

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list 4 RFs for compartment syndrome

1- <35 yrs old
2- male
3- fx of tibial diaphysis
4- fx of distal radius

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5 Ps of exertional compartment syndrome

Pain
Pallor
Paresis (foot drop)
Paresthesia
Pulseless (variable)

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which nerve injury may lead to foot drop?

deep common peroneal nerve–> paralysis of dorsiflexors of foot

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4 s/s of PAD

1- claudication
2- ulceration
3- rest pain
4- gangrene

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where may femoral hernias occur through?

saphenous opening

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if femoral neck fx is _________ (lateral or medial) to attachements–> avascular necrosis

medial

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this injury leads to a flexed and internally rotated hip

traumatic hip dislocations

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the medial meniscus and the ____ are attached, making them vulnerable to injury via compression, shearing and rotational forces

MCL

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what 3 structures are involved in O’Donoghue unhappy triad?

1- ACL
2-MCL
3- meniscus

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cause of O’Donoghue unhappy triad (ACL, MCL, meniscus)

lateral force applied to the knee while the foot is fixated on the ground

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this condition is commonly due to excessive kneeling and is seen in wrestlers

prepatellar bursitis

*MC bursitis of the knee

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this bursitis causes pain along the medial knee

pes anserine bursitis

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this condition occurs when there is deviation of the patellar (typically laterally–> medial pain)

subluxation of the patella

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inversion of the ankle commonly results in injury to what?

anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

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severe inversion of the ankle may lead to what additional 2 injuries besides the ATFL?

calcaneofibular ligament tear
lateral malleolus fx

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eversion of the ankle may lead to what injury?

medial malleolus fx (due to strength of the deltoid ligament)

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this injury is often due to forceful plantarflexion with the knee extended (an audible or palpable pop is common)

achilles tendon rupture

this condition is commonly due to repetitive pulling of the tibialis posterior tendon as one pushes off during running

shin splints

this is the MC fractured bone

clavicle

carpal tunnel results due to compression of what nerve?

median nerve

injury of this nerve leads to impaired flexion of PIP joints in 1st-3rd fingers

median nerve injury

injury to this nerve results in paresthesia and impaired DIP flexion of medial palm and medial 1.5 fingers

ulnar nerve

injury to this structure is a result of excess increase in angle between the neck and shoulder

C5 and C6 of brachial plexus Erb-Duchene palsy in newborns

appearance of C5 and C6 brachial plexus injury

abducted shoulder medially rotated arm extended elbow

this injury is commonly caused by prolonged hyperabduction during over the head manual tasks (painting a ceiling) and leads to pain radiating down the arm, paresthesia and weakness of the hand

brachial plexus cord compression

where is the cord compressed in brachial plexus cord compression?

coracoid process and pectoralis minor tendon

MC rotator cuff muscle tear

supraspinatus

what tendon may be secondarily affected from a supraspinatus tear due to its proximity

biceps tendon

long head of biceps brachii tendon rupture may lead to __________ deformity

Popeye's deformity

tennis elbow results from repetitive use of what muscles?

superficial extensor muscles

this is the MC carpal bone fx and is commonly due to falling on outstretched hands

scaphoid fx (at risk of avascular necrosis due to retrograde blood supply)

this injury is due to extreme flexion of the DIP joint (may lead to tendon rupture)

mallet/ baseball finger

in this finger deformity, there is hyperextension of the PIP and flexion of the DIP

swan neck deformity

this finger deformity often results from rupture of extensor tendon of the PIP joint leading to PIP flexion and DIP extension (associated with rheumatoid arthritis)

boutonniere deformity

this is a fixed flexion deformity of the finger due to issue with flexor pulleys of the finger

trigger finger

this injury of the elbow is common in children and is radial head subluxation

nursemaid's elbow

small bowel obstruction

large bowel obstruction

pneumoperitoneum

hiatal hernia

apple core sign--> colon cancer

what kind of fx is this?

butterfly comminuted fx

what kind of fx is this?

segmental comminuted fx

what kind of fx is this?

comminuted fx

what kind of fx is this?

greenstick

lisfranc injury (dorsal dislocation of 2nd metatarsal)

Jones fx (fx of 5th metatarsal)

this is a fx of the lower end of the fibula and medial malleolus of the tibia

Pott's fx

this injury includes: - distal fibular fx above lateral malleolus - medial malleolus fx - posterior malleolus fx - rupture of tibiofibular ligament

dupuytren fx

Colles' fx

smith's fx

what is the nerve that supplies the external hip rotators?

obturator nerve

list the 6 external hip rotators

1- piriformis 2- superior gemellus 3- obturator internus 4- inferior gemellus 5- obturator externus 6- quadratus femoris

what nerve supplies the hip abductors?

superior gluteal nerve

what 4 muscles are a part of the hip abductors?

gluteus maximus gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fascia lata

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

femoral nerve

what 2 types of muscles are included in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

hip flexors knee extensors

list the 5 hip flexors

psoas iliacus rectus femoris pecineus sartorius (RIPPS)

list 4 knee extensors

rectus femoris vastus medialis vastus lateralis vastus intermedius (quads)

what nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

obturator nerve

what type of muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?

hip adductors

list 4 hip adductors

obturator externus adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?

sciatic nerve

what type of muscles are included in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

hip extensors and knee flexors (hamstrings)

list the hip extensors and knee flexors of the posterior compartment of the thigh

biceps femoris semitendinous semimembranous

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

deep fibular nerve

what type of muscles are included in the anterior compartment of the leg?

dorsiflexors

list 4 dorsiflexors of the anterior compartment of the leg

tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus fibularis tertius

what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

superficial fibular nerve

what are the functions of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

plantarflexion and eversion

what 2 muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

fibularis longus fibularis brevis

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

tibial nerve

what is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

plantarflexion

what 3 muscles are included in the posterior superficial compartment of the leg?

gastrocenemius soleus plantaris

what 4 muscles are included in the posterior deep compartment of the leg?

popliteus tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus

label the tarsal bones

cuniforms (medial, intermediate, lateral) navicular cuboid talus calcaneus

list the carpal bones

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium

the flexors of the arm are supplied by which nerve?

musculocutaneous nerve

the extensors of the arm are supplied by which nerve?

radial nerve

the anterior compartment of the forearm is supplied by what nerve(s)?

medial and ulnar nerves

the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm serve what function?

wrist felxion

the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm serve what function?

wrist and finger flexion pronation

the posterior compartment of the forearm is supplied by which nerve?

radial nerve

the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm do what functions?

extension and supination