Exam 3 Flashcards
this sign results from weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus, leading to contralateral pelvis drop
trendelenburg sign
this type of fx commonly occurs when the sole of the foot is heavily compressed and if there is disruption of the interosseous ligament, avascular necrosis results
talus fx
this is the MC tarsal fx
calcaneal fx
avulsion fx of 5th metatarsal cause
stress placed on fibularis brevis tendon during muscle contraction
this injury is common in athletes and dancers due to hyperdorsiflexion
dislocation of 1st metatarsal
gout commonly affects which toe?
big toe
cause of IT band syndrome
excessive friction while sliding over lateral femoral epicondyle
where is pain MC in IT band syndrome?
lateral knee pain
list 4 RFs for compartment syndrome
1- <35 yrs old
2- male
3- fx of tibial diaphysis
4- fx of distal radius
5 Ps of exertional compartment syndrome
Pain
Pallor
Paresis (foot drop)
Paresthesia
Pulseless (variable)
which nerve injury may lead to foot drop?
deep common peroneal nerve–> paralysis of dorsiflexors of foot
4 s/s of PAD
1- claudication
2- ulceration
3- rest pain
4- gangrene
where may femoral hernias occur through?
saphenous opening
if femoral neck fx is _________ (lateral or medial) to attachements–> avascular necrosis
medial
this injury leads to a flexed and internally rotated hip
traumatic hip dislocations
the medial meniscus and the ____ are attached, making them vulnerable to injury via compression, shearing and rotational forces
MCL
what 3 structures are involved in O’Donoghue unhappy triad?
1- ACL
2-MCL
3- meniscus
cause of O’Donoghue unhappy triad (ACL, MCL, meniscus)
lateral force applied to the knee while the foot is fixated on the ground
this condition is commonly due to excessive kneeling and is seen in wrestlers
prepatellar bursitis
*MC bursitis of the knee
this bursitis causes pain along the medial knee
pes anserine bursitis
this condition occurs when there is deviation of the patellar (typically laterally–> medial pain)
subluxation of the patella
inversion of the ankle commonly results in injury to what?
anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
severe inversion of the ankle may lead to what additional 2 injuries besides the ATFL?
calcaneofibular ligament tear
lateral malleolus fx
eversion of the ankle may lead to what injury?
medial malleolus fx (due to strength of the deltoid ligament)
this injury is often due to forceful plantarflexion with the knee extended
(an audible or palpable pop is common)
achilles tendon rupture
this condition is commonly due to repetitive pulling of the tibialis posterior tendon as one pushes off during running
shin splints
this is the MC fractured bone
clavicle
carpal tunnel results due to compression of what nerve?
median nerve
injury of this nerve leads to impaired flexion of PIP joints in 1st-3rd fingers
median nerve injury
injury to this nerve results in paresthesia and impaired DIP flexion of medial palm and medial 1.5 fingers
ulnar nerve
injury to this structure is a result of excess increase in angle between the neck and shoulder
C5 and C6 of brachial plexus
Erb-Duchene palsy in newborns
appearance of C5 and C6 brachial plexus injury
abducted shoulder
medially rotated arm
extended elbow
this injury is commonly caused by prolonged hyperabduction during over the head manual tasks (painting a ceiling) and leads to pain radiating down the arm, paresthesia and weakness of the hand
brachial plexus cord compression
where is the cord compressed in brachial plexus cord compression?
coracoid process and pectoralis minor tendon
MC rotator cuff muscle tear
supraspinatus
what tendon may be secondarily affected from a supraspinatus tear due to its proximity
biceps tendon