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Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

this sign results from weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus, leading to contralateral pelvis drop

A

trendelenburg sign

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2
Q

this type of fx commonly occurs when the sole of the foot is heavily compressed and if there is disruption of the interosseous ligament, avascular necrosis results

A

talus fx

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3
Q

this is the MC tarsal fx

A

calcaneal fx

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4
Q

avulsion fx of 5th metatarsal cause

A

stress placed on fibularis brevis tendon during muscle contraction

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5
Q

this injury is common in athletes and dancers due to hyperdorsiflexion

A

dislocation of 1st metatarsal

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6
Q

gout commonly affects which toe?

A

big toe

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7
Q

cause of IT band syndrome

A

excessive friction while sliding over lateral femoral epicondyle

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8
Q

where is pain MC in IT band syndrome?

A

lateral knee pain

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9
Q

list 4 RFs for compartment syndrome

A

1- <35 yrs old
2- male
3- fx of tibial diaphysis
4- fx of distal radius

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10
Q

5 Ps of exertional compartment syndrome

A

Pain
Pallor
Paresis (foot drop)
Paresthesia
Pulseless (variable)

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11
Q

which nerve injury may lead to foot drop?

A

deep common peroneal nerve–> paralysis of dorsiflexors of foot

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12
Q

4 s/s of PAD

A

1- claudication
2- ulceration
3- rest pain
4- gangrene

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13
Q

where may femoral hernias occur through?

A

saphenous opening

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14
Q

if femoral neck fx is _________ (lateral or medial) to attachements–> avascular necrosis

A

medial

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15
Q

this injury leads to a flexed and internally rotated hip

A

traumatic hip dislocations

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16
Q

the medial meniscus and the ____ are attached, making them vulnerable to injury via compression, shearing and rotational forces

A

MCL

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17
Q

what 3 structures are involved in O’Donoghue unhappy triad?

A

1- ACL
2-MCL
3- meniscus

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18
Q

cause of O’Donoghue unhappy triad (ACL, MCL, meniscus)

A

lateral force applied to the knee while the foot is fixated on the ground

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19
Q

this condition is commonly due to excessive kneeling and is seen in wrestlers

A

prepatellar bursitis

*MC bursitis of the knee

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20
Q

this bursitis causes pain along the medial knee

A

pes anserine bursitis

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21
Q

this condition occurs when there is deviation of the patellar (typically laterally–> medial pain)

A

subluxation of the patella

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22
Q

inversion of the ankle commonly results in injury to what?

A

anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

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23
Q

severe inversion of the ankle may lead to what additional 2 injuries besides the ATFL?

A

calcaneofibular ligament tear
lateral malleolus fx

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24
Q

eversion of the ankle may lead to what injury?

A

medial malleolus fx (due to strength of the deltoid ligament)

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25
Q

this injury is often due to forceful plantarflexion with the knee extended
(an audible or palpable pop is common)

A

achilles tendon rupture

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26
Q

this condition is commonly due to repetitive pulling of the tibialis posterior tendon as one pushes off during running

A

shin splints

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27
Q

this is the MC fractured bone

A

clavicle

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28
Q

carpal tunnel results due to compression of what nerve?

A

median nerve

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29
Q

injury of this nerve leads to impaired flexion of PIP joints in 1st-3rd fingers

A

median nerve injury

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30
Q

injury to this nerve results in paresthesia and impaired DIP flexion of medial palm and medial 1.5 fingers

A

ulnar nerve

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31
Q

injury to this structure is a result of excess increase in angle between the neck and shoulder

A

C5 and C6 of brachial plexus

Erb-Duchene palsy in newborns

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32
Q

appearance of C5 and C6 brachial plexus injury

A

abducted shoulder
medially rotated arm
extended elbow

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33
Q

this injury is commonly caused by prolonged hyperabduction during over the head manual tasks (painting a ceiling) and leads to pain radiating down the arm, paresthesia and weakness of the hand

A

brachial plexus cord compression

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34
Q

where is the cord compressed in brachial plexus cord compression?

A

coracoid process and pectoralis minor tendon

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35
Q

MC rotator cuff muscle tear

A

supraspinatus

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36
Q

what tendon may be secondarily affected from a supraspinatus tear due to its proximity

A

biceps tendon

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37
Q

long head of biceps brachii tendon rupture may lead to __________ deformity

A

Popeye’s deformity

38
Q

tennis elbow results from repetitive use of what muscles?

A

superficial extensor muscles

39
Q

this is the MC carpal bone fx and is commonly due to falling on outstretched hands

A

scaphoid fx
(at risk of avascular necrosis due to retrograde blood supply)

40
Q

this injury is due to extreme flexion of the DIP joint (may lead to tendon rupture)

A

mallet/ baseball finger

41
Q

in this finger deformity, there is hyperextension of the PIP and flexion of the DIP

A

swan neck deformity

42
Q

this finger deformity often results from rupture of extensor tendon of the PIP joint leading to PIP flexion and DIP extension
(associated with rheumatoid arthritis)

A

boutonniere deformity

43
Q

this is a fixed flexion deformity of the finger due to issue with flexor pulleys of the finger

A

trigger finger

44
Q

this injury of the elbow is common in children and is radial head subluxation

A

nursemaid’s elbow

45
Q
A

small bowel obstruction

46
Q
A

large bowel obstruction

47
Q
A

pneumoperitoneum

48
Q
A

hiatal hernia

49
Q
A

apple core sign–> colon cancer

50
Q

what kind of fx is this?

A

butterfly comminuted fx

51
Q

what kind of fx is this?

A

segmental comminuted fx

52
Q

what kind of fx is this?

A

comminuted fx

53
Q

what kind of fx is this?

A

greenstick

54
Q
A

lisfranc injury (dorsal dislocation of 2nd metatarsal)

55
Q
A

Jones fx (fx of 5th metatarsal)

56
Q

this is a fx of the lower end of the fibula and medial malleolus of the tibia

A

Pott’s fx

57
Q

this injury includes:
- distal fibular fx above lateral malleolus
- medial malleolus fx
- posterior malleolus fx
- rupture of tibiofibular ligament

A

dupuytren fx

58
Q
A

Colles’ fx

59
Q
A

smith’s fx

60
Q

what is the nerve that supplies the external hip rotators?

A

obturator nerve

61
Q

list the 6 external hip rotators

A

1- piriformis
2- superior gemellus
3- obturator internus
4- inferior gemellus
5- obturator externus
6- quadratus femoris

62
Q

what nerve supplies the hip abductors?

A

superior gluteal nerve

63
Q

what 4 muscles are a part of the hip abductors?

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

64
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

65
Q

what 2 types of muscles are included in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

hip flexors
knee extensors

66
Q

list the 5 hip flexors

A

psoas
iliacus
rectus femoris
pecineus
sartorius

(RIPPS)

67
Q

list 4 knee extensors

A

rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
(quads)

68
Q

what nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator nerve

69
Q

what type of muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

hip adductors

70
Q

list 4 hip adductors

A

obturator externus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus

71
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

sciatic nerve

72
Q

what type of muscles are included in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

hip extensors and knee flexors (hamstrings)

73
Q

list the hip extensors and knee flexors of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

biceps femoris
semitendinous
semimembranous

74
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

75
Q

what type of muscles are included in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

dorsiflexors

76
Q

list 4 dorsiflexors of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

77
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve

78
Q

what are the functions of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

plantarflexion and eversion

79
Q

what 2 muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

80
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

81
Q

what is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

plantarflexion

82
Q

what 3 muscles are included in the posterior superficial compartment of the leg?

A

gastrocenemius
soleus
plantaris

83
Q

what 4 muscles are included in the posterior deep compartment of the leg?

A

popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

84
Q

label the tarsal bones

A

cuniforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
navicular
cuboid
talus
calcaneus

85
Q

list the carpal bones

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

86
Q

the flexors of the arm are supplied by which nerve?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

87
Q

the extensors of the arm are supplied by which nerve?

A

radial nerve

88
Q

the anterior compartment of the forearm is supplied by what nerve(s)?

A

medial and ulnar nerves

89
Q

the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm serve what function?

A

wrist felxion

90
Q

the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm serve what function?

A

wrist and finger flexion
pronation

91
Q

the posterior compartment of the forearm is supplied by which nerve?

A

radial nerve

92
Q

the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm do what functions?

A

extension and supination

Anatomy (8 decks)

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