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Loco 2 > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 skin layers

A

Stratum basale (basal layer)
Stratum spinosum (spinous layer)
Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
Stratum corneum (cornified layer)

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2
Q

what is wrong with this poor baby and what is the prognosis

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa
poor

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3
Q

what compound is turned in to pre-D3 by sunlight

A

7-dyhydrocholesterol

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4
Q

90% of skin are what cell type

A

keratinocytes

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5
Q

which is the layer only in thicker skin and where is it in the layrs

A

stratum lucidum
directly under stratum corneum

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6
Q

what
descrobe

A

keratinocytes - cobblestone appearance

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7
Q

what is the size of 1 keratin filament

A

10nm

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8
Q

how do keratin fibres line up

A

one acidic goes with one basic

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9
Q

how are basal skin cells attached to the BM

A

hemidesmosomes

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10
Q

when is teh only time skin cells can proliferate

A

when attached to the BM

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11
Q

Epidermis bullosa is caused by mutations to

A

laminin332, collagen VI, collagen VII

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12
Q

how do desmosome junctions work - what proteins

A

cadherins

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13
Q

which layer of skin has desmosomal jncts

A

spinosum

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14
Q

which proteins are expressed in the stratum granulosum

A

Filaggrin, Involucrin, Loricrin

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15
Q

corneocytes are held together by corneodesmosomes. what is between them

A

ceramides (intercellular lipids)

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16
Q

where do you find tight jncts in the skin

A

just under the corneum

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17
Q

what are the 2 layers of dermis

A

papillary
reticular

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18
Q

main type of sell in dermis

A

fibroblast

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19
Q

papillary dermis is mostly

A

type 3 collagen and elastin

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20
Q

reticular dermis is mostly

A

type 1 collagen

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21
Q

what is the difference between hair and fur

A

hair is sensory whereas a lot of fur has no innervation

22
Q

where do stem cells of the hair follicle live

A

bulge region

23
Q

which specific keratin expressed by hair follicles

A

15

24
Q

what are the 3 fases of hair growth

A

Anagen-active
Catagen-regressive
Telogen-resting

25
Q

main fnct of eccrine sweat glands

A

thermoregulations

26
Q

appocrine glands are attached to the

A

hair follicle

27
Q

what is the brown melanin called

A

eumelanin

28
Q

what is the red melanin called

A

pheomelanin

29
Q

what are langerhans cell in skin (4)

A

Specialised tissue-resident macrophage
Self maintain

Basal and spinous layers

First line of defence

Presents antigen to T lymphocytes

30
Q

where are Merkel cells

A

stratum basale

31
Q

first cells in proliferative phase of skin injury

A

fibroblasts

32
Q

fibroblasts secrete what in wound healing

A

type 3 collagen

33
Q

after vasoconstriction and fibrin clot, what happens in inflammation phase of wound healing

A

Blood vessel dilation
Neutrophils then macrophages are recruited by Ils and TNF etc

34
Q

when is a chronic wound

A

non-healing >6wk

35
Q

what are these two layers of the dermis

A

papillary (top)
reticular (underneath)

36
Q

skin infection is usually

A

staph aureus

37
Q

hot tub acquired folliculitis bacterium

A

pseudonomas aeruginosa

38
Q

usual bacterium folliculitis

A

staph aureus

39
Q

tx folliculitis

A

oral abx

40
Q
A

impetigo

41
Q

tx impetigo

A

topical or oral abx
1% hydrogen peroxide cream if serious

42
Q

where is cellulitis

A

dermis AND hypodermal fat

43
Q

what is this? what bacteria

A

erisypelas
only dermis
strep pyogenes

44
Q

what is the moa of scalded skin syndrome in babies

A

exotoxins break desmosomes between keratinocytes

45
Q

what does scalded skin syndrome look like and what tx

A

very superficial blisters
red baby
rehydration and parenteral abx

46
Q

verruca tx

A

topical salicylic acid

47
Q

what is this
what tx

A

pityriasis versicolor
anti-fungal shampoo such as ketoconazole

48
Q

tx scabies

A

permethrin
ivermectin

49
Q

which bacteria lyme disease

A

borrelia

50
Q

sand fly disease

A

leishmaniasis

51
Q

tx leprosy

A

rifampicin
dapsone
clofazimine

52
Q
A

Loco 2 (17 decks)

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