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Loco 2 > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

supraspinous ligament only exists between approx

A

C7 and L3/4

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2
Q

label these spinal ligaments

A

A) anterior longditudinal
B zygopophyseal
C supraspinous
D intertransverse
E flavum

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3
Q

bifid spinous process which vertebrae

A

cervical

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4
Q

which vertebrae small vertebral foramnia

A

thoracic

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5
Q

which vertebrae long slender transverse processes

A

lumbar

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6
Q

where do the vertebral arteries travel

A

transverse foramina

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7
Q

where are the transverse foramina

A

cervical vertebrae, inside the transverse processes

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8
Q

what is hangman’s fracture

A

bilateral # pars interarticularis

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9
Q

what is C7 known as

A

verterbra prominens

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10
Q

what is this and what is it called?

A

burst # of the atlas
Jefferson #

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11
Q

what is this and what is it called?

A

bilateral # pars articularis
hangman #

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12
Q

what is this and what is it called?

A

dens #

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13
Q

what is this and what is it called?
risk factor? why?

A

wedge # of L3
osteoporosis - trabecular bone

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14
Q

acromioclavicular joint is a … joint

A

planar synovial

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15
Q

axillary nerve roots

A

c5/6

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16
Q

pec major inserts

A

intertubercular groove

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17
Q

which is teres major and which is minoe

A

minor is highlighted, major is below

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18
Q

teres min major actino

A

lateral rotation

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19
Q

infraspinatus major action

A

lateral rotation

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20
Q

which is the only cuff muscle which attaches to the lesser tuberosity

A

subscapularis

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21
Q

clinical appearance radial nerve palsy

A

wrist drop

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22
Q

name of distal wrist fracture with dorsal angulation

A

Colles #

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23
Q

distal radius articulates with

A

scaphoid, lunate, ulna

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24
Q

how do you get Colles #

A

fall onto an outstretched hand

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25
Q

An anteriorly angulated distal radius fracture is more commonly referred to as a

A

sMITH #

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26
Q

how do you get Smith #

A

fall onto dorsum of outstretched hand

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27
Q

what are the medial and lateral borders of anatomical snuffbox?

A

The medial border is defined by the extensor pollicis longus tendon. The lateral border is defined by the tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and, just lateral to this but intimately related, abductor pollicis longus.

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28
Q

what is the reason behind scaphoid # complications

A

bloodflow is distal to proximal

29
Q

Following neck of femur fracture, patients commonly present with …and … of the affected lower limb

A

shortening and external rotation

30
Q

Following neck of femur fracture, patients commonly present with shortening and external rotation of the affected lower limb. Which muscle is responsible for this clinical appearance?

A

iliopsoas

31
Q

Which strong ligament reinforces the hip joint anteriorly, and therefore makes anterior dislocations far less common than posterior dislocations?

A

iliofemoral

32
Q

tibiofemoral dislocation with anterior tibial displacment of the tibia can put which nuerovascular structures at risk

A

The popliteal artery, and the tibial and common peroneal nerves

33
Q

what sort of # is this

A

comminuted

34
Q

Several structures pass posterior to the medial malleolus to reach the plantar aspect of the foot. what are they

A

tom dick and very naughty harry

tendon tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus tendon
posterior tibial artery
posterior tibial vein
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus tendon

35
Q

Which ligament supports the ankle on the medial side?

A

deltoid ligament (WTF not helpful)

36
Q

what are Weber fractures of the lateral malleolus and which are least stable

A

ABC
C is most proximal and is most unstable. It is proximal to the tibiofibular syndesmosis

37
Q

what are the lateral malleolus ligaments of the ankle

A

(anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular)

38
Q

how can yuo tell on xray that hip replacement is cemented

A

more opacity in middle of femur

39
Q

cemented vs uncemented hip replacement pros and cons

A

cemented pros - preffered for irradiated bone as this bone can’t ingrow anyway, initial and longterm stability
cemented cons - limited remodelling potential, narrower stem can break
uncemented pros - better remodelling potential, less likely for stem to break because iy’s wider
uncemented cons

40
Q

in tkr, what are the two bits made of

A

femoral - metal
tibial metal tray and plastic spacer which replaces the menisci

41
Q

what structures can be lost in tkr

A

menisci and cruciate ligs

42
Q

fractures need to be … and … in order for healin to occur

A

approximated
fixated

43
Q

what is this fixation

A

intra-medullary nail

44
Q

what is this fixation

A

k wires

45
Q

define:
osteogenesis
osteoinduction
osteoconduction

A

bone building
pathway to induction of osteogenesis
provision of a scaffold to help new bone growth

46
Q
A
47
Q

which ligamenets can be used for ACL reconstruction

A

patella ligament and semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon

48
Q

who does an allograft come from

A

a donor

49
Q

who does a xenograft come from

A

another species

50
Q

who does a alloplast come from

A

an inert object

51
Q

who does an isograft come from

A

a twin

52
Q

define Arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of a joint

53
Q

what is osteotomy

A

taking out a section of bone

54
Q

what is this procedure, what does it do

A

kyphoplasty
balloon inflated into collapsed vertebrae in kyphosis

55
Q

what is the test for hip dysplasia

A

Barlow

56
Q

which imagine modaility for hip dysplasia. why

A

USS, ossification not complete

57
Q

what/where is this

A

hilgenreiner’s line along inferior aspect of triradiate cartilage.

58
Q
A

acetabular index line

59
Q

what should the angle between hilgenreiner and acetabular index be at what age

A

0 - 1 year old < 34
1 > 4 year old < 28
> 4 year old < 25

60
Q

in DDH, what angles will correct with splint vs require surgery

A

An angle of <45 deg will spontaneously correct with splintage, whereas angle of > 60 deg will usually require surgery.

61
Q

management of DDH

A

Newborn
Splintage in abduction (Pavlik harness, Von Rosen splint)
6 - 18 months
Closed reduction – Traction, Splintage
Open reduction and Splintage

62
Q

what signs fo perthe’s can be seen on xray

A

femoral head or neck deformity
asymmetric epiphyseal size
femoral head fragmentation
subchondral lucency

63
Q

what is this, what can you diagnose if it’s off. who gets it

A

Kleine line
SUFE
adolescents

64
Q

oresentation of SUFE

A

limp and pain that sometimes radiates to the knee

65
Q

what is SUFE

A

femoral head slip

66
Q

what is the proper name of clubfoot

A

Talipes Equinovarus

67
Q
A
67
Q
A

Loco 2 (17 decks)

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