anatomy

Question 1

supraspinous ligament only exists between approx

Answer 1

C7 and L3/4

Question 2

label these spinal ligaments

Answer 2

A) anterior longditudinal
B zygopophyseal
C supraspinous
D intertransverse
E flavum

Question 3

bifid spinous process which vertebrae

Answer 3

cervical

Question 4

which vertebrae small vertebral foramnia

Answer 4

thoracic

Question 5

which vertebrae long slender transverse processes

Answer 5

lumbar

Question 6

where do the vertebral arteries travel

Answer 6

transverse foramina

Question 7

where are the transverse foramina

Answer 7

cervical vertebrae, inside the transverse processes

Question 8

what is hangman’s fracture

Answer 8

bilateral # pars interarticularis

Question 9

what is C7 known as

Answer 9

verterbra prominens

Question 10

what is this and what is it called?

Answer 10

burst # of the atlas
Jefferson #

Question 11

what is this and what is it called?

Answer 11

bilateral # pars articularis
hangman #

Question 12

what is this and what is it called?

Answer 12

dens #

Question 13

what is this and what is it called?
risk factor? why?

Answer 13

wedge # of L3
osteoporosis - trabecular bone

Question 14

acromioclavicular joint is a … joint

Answer 14

planar synovial

Question 15

axillary nerve roots

Answer 15

c5/6

Question 16

pec major inserts

Answer 16

intertubercular groove

Question 17

which is teres major and which is minoe

Answer 17

minor is highlighted, major is below

Question 18

teres min major actino

Answer 18

lateral rotation

Question 19

infraspinatus major action

Answer 19

lateral rotation

Question 20

which is the only cuff muscle which attaches to the lesser tuberosity

Answer 20

subscapularis

Question 21

clinical appearance radial nerve palsy

Answer 21

wrist drop

Question 22

name of distal wrist fracture with dorsal angulation

Answer 22

Colles #

Question 23

distal radius articulates with

Answer 23

scaphoid, lunate, ulna

Question 24

how do you get Colles #

Answer 24

fall onto an outstretched hand

Question 25

An anteriorly angulated distal radius fracture is more commonly referred to as a

Answer 25

sMITH #

Question 26

how do you get Smith #

Answer 26

fall onto dorsum of outstretched hand

Question 27

what are the medial and lateral borders of anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 27

The medial border is defined by the extensor pollicis longus tendon. The lateral border is defined by the tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and, just lateral to this but intimately related, abductor pollicis longus.

Question 28

what is the reason behind scaphoid # complications

Answer 28

bloodflow is distal to proximal

Question 29

Following neck of femur fracture, patients commonly present with ...and ... of the affected lower limb

Answer 29

shortening and external rotation

Question 30

Following neck of femur fracture, patients commonly present with shortening and external rotation of the affected lower limb. Which muscle is responsible for this clinical appearance?

Answer 30

iliopsoas

Question 31

Which strong ligament reinforces the hip joint anteriorly, and therefore makes anterior dislocations far less common than posterior dislocations?

Answer 31

iliofemoral

Question 32

tibiofemoral dislocation with anterior tibial displacment of the tibia can put which nuerovascular structures at risk

Answer 32

The popliteal artery, and the tibial and common peroneal nerves

Question 33

what sort of # is this

Answer 33

comminuted

Question 34

Several structures pass posterior to the medial malleolus to reach the plantar aspect of the foot. what are they

Answer 34

tom dick and very naughty harry tendon tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus tendon posterior tibial artery posterior tibial vein tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus tendon

Question 35

Which ligament supports the ankle on the medial side?

Answer 35

deltoid ligament (WTF not helpful)

Question 36

what are Weber fractures of the lateral malleolus and which are least stable

Answer 36

ABC C is most proximal and is most unstable. It is proximal to the tibiofibular syndesmosis

Question 37

what are the lateral malleolus ligaments of the ankle

Answer 37

(anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular)

Question 38

how can yuo tell on xray that hip replacement is cemented

Answer 38

more opacity in middle of femur

Question 39

cemented vs uncemented hip replacement pros and cons

Answer 39

cemented pros - preffered for irradiated bone as this bone can't ingrow anyway, initial and longterm stability cemented cons - limited remodelling potential, narrower stem can break uncemented pros - better remodelling potential, less likely for stem to break because iy's wider uncemented cons

Question 40

in tkr, what are the two bits made of

Answer 40

femoral - metal tibial metal tray and plastic spacer which replaces the menisci

Question 41

what structures can be lost in tkr

Answer 41

menisci and cruciate ligs

Question 42

fractures need to be ... and ... in order for healin to occur

Answer 42

approximated fixated

Question 43

what is this fixation

Answer 43

intra-medullary nail

Question 44

what is this fixation

Answer 44

k wires

Question 45

define: osteogenesis osteoinduction osteoconduction

Answer 45

bone building pathway to induction of osteogenesis provision of a scaffold to help new bone growth

Question 46

Answer 46

Question 47

which ligamenets can be used for ACL reconstruction

Answer 47

patella ligament and semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon

Question 48

who does an allograft come from

Answer 48

a donor

Question 49

who does a xenograft come from

Answer 49

another species

Question 50

who does a alloplast come from

Answer 50

an inert object

Question 51

who does an isograft come from

Answer 51

a twin

Question 52

define Arthrodesis

Answer 52

surgical fusion of a joint

Question 53

what is osteotomy

Answer 53

taking out a section of bone

Question 54

what is this procedure, what does it do

Answer 54

kyphoplasty balloon inflated into collapsed vertebrae in kyphosis

Question 55

what is the test for hip dysplasia

Answer 55

Barlow

Question 56

which imagine modaility for hip dysplasia. why

Answer 56

USS, ossification not complete

Question 57

what/where is this

Answer 57

hilgenreiner's line along inferior aspect of triradiate cartilage.

Question 58

Answer 58

acetabular index line

Question 59

what should the angle between hilgenreiner and acetabular index be at what age

Answer 59

0 - 1 year old < 34 1 > 4 year old < 28 > 4 year old < 25

Question 60

in DDH, what angles will correct with splint vs require surgery

Answer 60

An angle of <45 deg will spontaneously correct with splintage, whereas angle of > 60 deg will usually require surgery.

Question 61

management of DDH

Answer 61

Newborn Splintage in abduction (Pavlik harness, Von Rosen splint) 6 - 18 months Closed reduction – Traction, Splintage Open reduction and Splintage

Question 62

what signs fo perthe's can be seen on xray

Answer 62

femoral head or neck deformity asymmetric epiphyseal size femoral head fragmentation subchondral lucency

Question 63

what is this, what can you diagnose if it's off. who gets it

Answer 63

Kleine line SUFE adolescents

Question 64

oresentation of SUFE

Answer 64

limp and pain that sometimes radiates to the knee

Question 65

what is SUFE

Answer 65

femoral head slip

Question 66

what is the proper name of clubfoot

Answer 66

Talipes Equinovarus