anatomy Flashcards
supraspinous ligament only exists between approx
C7 and L3/4
label these spinal ligaments
A) anterior longditudinal
B zygopophyseal
C supraspinous
D intertransverse
E flavum
bifid spinous process which vertebrae
cervical
which vertebrae small vertebral foramnia
thoracic
which vertebrae long slender transverse processes
lumbar
where do the vertebral arteries travel
transverse foramina
where are the transverse foramina
cervical vertebrae, inside the transverse processes
what is hangman’s fracture
bilateral # pars interarticularis
what is C7 known as
verterbra prominens
what is this and what is it called?
burst # of the atlas
Jefferson #
what is this and what is it called?
bilateral # pars articularis
hangman #
what is this and what is it called?
dens #
what is this and what is it called?
risk factor? why?
wedge # of L3
osteoporosis - trabecular bone
acromioclavicular joint is a … joint
planar synovial
axillary nerve roots
c5/6
pec major inserts
intertubercular groove
which is teres major and which is minoe
minor is highlighted, major is below
teres min major actino
lateral rotation
infraspinatus major action
lateral rotation
which is the only cuff muscle which attaches to the lesser tuberosity
subscapularis
clinical appearance radial nerve palsy
wrist drop
name of distal wrist fracture with dorsal angulation
Colles #
distal radius articulates with
scaphoid, lunate, ulna
how do you get Colles #
fall onto an outstretched hand
An anteriorly angulated distal radius fracture is more commonly referred to as a
sMITH #
how do you get Smith #
fall onto dorsum of outstretched hand
what are the medial and lateral borders of anatomical snuffbox?
The medial border is defined by the extensor pollicis longus tendon. The lateral border is defined by the tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and, just lateral to this but intimately related, abductor pollicis longus.
what is the reason behind scaphoid # complications
bloodflow is distal to proximal
Following neck of femur fracture, patients commonly present with …and … of the affected lower limb
shortening and external rotation
Following neck of femur fracture, patients commonly present with shortening and external rotation of the affected lower limb. Which muscle is responsible for this clinical appearance?
iliopsoas
Which strong ligament reinforces the hip joint anteriorly, and therefore makes anterior dislocations far less common than posterior dislocations?
iliofemoral
tibiofemoral dislocation with anterior tibial displacment of the tibia can put which nuerovascular structures at risk
The popliteal artery, and the tibial and common peroneal nerves
what sort of # is this
comminuted
Several structures pass posterior to the medial malleolus to reach the plantar aspect of the foot. what are they
tom dick and very naughty harry
tendon tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus tendon
posterior tibial artery
posterior tibial vein
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus tendon
Which ligament supports the ankle on the medial side?
deltoid ligament (WTF not helpful)
what are Weber fractures of the lateral malleolus and which are least stable
ABC
C is most proximal and is most unstable. It is proximal to the tibiofibular syndesmosis
what are the lateral malleolus ligaments of the ankle
(anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular)
how can yuo tell on xray that hip replacement is cemented
more opacity in middle of femur
cemented vs uncemented hip replacement pros and cons
cemented pros - preffered for irradiated bone as this bone can’t ingrow anyway, initial and longterm stability
cemented cons - limited remodelling potential, narrower stem can break
uncemented pros - better remodelling potential, less likely for stem to break because iy’s wider
uncemented cons
in tkr, what are the two bits made of
femoral - metal
tibial metal tray and plastic spacer which replaces the menisci
what structures can be lost in tkr
menisci and cruciate ligs
fractures need to be … and … in order for healin to occur
approximated
fixated
what is this fixation
intra-medullary nail
what is this fixation
k wires
define:
osteogenesis
osteoinduction
osteoconduction
bone building
pathway to induction of osteogenesis
provision of a scaffold to help new bone growth
which ligamenets can be used for ACL reconstruction
patella ligament and semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon
who does an allograft come from
a donor
who does a xenograft come from
another species
who does a alloplast come from
an inert object
who does an isograft come from
a twin
define Arthrodesis
surgical fusion of a joint
what is osteotomy
taking out a section of bone
what is this procedure, what does it do
kyphoplasty
balloon inflated into collapsed vertebrae in kyphosis
what is the test for hip dysplasia
Barlow
which imagine modaility for hip dysplasia. why
USS, ossification not complete
what/where is this
hilgenreiner’s line along inferior aspect of triradiate cartilage.
acetabular index line
what should the angle between hilgenreiner and acetabular index be at what age
0 - 1 year old < 34
1 > 4 year old < 28
> 4 year old < 25
in DDH, what angles will correct with splint vs require surgery
An angle of <45 deg will spontaneously correct with splintage, whereas angle of > 60 deg will usually require surgery.
management of DDH
Newborn
Splintage in abduction (Pavlik harness, Von Rosen splint)
6 - 18 months
Closed reduction – Traction, Splintage
Open reduction and Splintage
what signs fo perthe’s can be seen on xray
femoral head or neck deformity
asymmetric epiphyseal size
femoral head fragmentation
subchondral lucency
what is this, what can you diagnose if it’s off. who gets it
Kleine line
SUFE
adolescents
oresentation of SUFE
limp and pain that sometimes radiates to the knee
what is SUFE
femoral head slip
what is the proper name of clubfoot
Talipes Equinovarus
