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Skin Flashcards

1
Q

types of sweat glands

A

apocrine and eccrine

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2
Q

apocrine sweat glands location

A

where hair is present

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3
Q

what comes out of apocrine sweat glands

A

phermones, IgA

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4
Q

eccrine sweat glands location

A

only on foot pads

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5
Q

what comes out of eccrine sweat glands

A

water, salts, efa

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6
Q

examination of skin

A

inspection, palpation, smelling

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7
Q

8 things to check on hair coat

A 
density
colour
gloss
closure
occurance of loose body hair
stiffness
localisation of abnormalities
external parasites
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8
Q

hypertrichosis

A

partial hair loss

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9
Q

primary hair loss due to

A

endocrino- dermatopathies or follicular dysplasia

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10
Q

secondary hair loss due to

A

trauma or inflammation

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11
Q

12 things to examine on skin

A 
superficial cell layer of epidermis
colour and presence of hemorrhages
odour
temp
moisture
greasiness
thickness
elasticity
sensitivity
parasites
lesions
swellings
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12
Q

definition of primary lesion

A

the initial eruption that develops spontaneously as a direct reflection of underlying disease. May appear rapidly and disappear quickly

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13
Q

definition of secondary skin lesion

A

evolve from primary lesions or are artefacts induced by the patience of by external factors such as trauma and medications

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14
Q

13 primary skin lesions

A 
Macule
Patch
Papule
Plaque
Pustule
Abscess
Vesicule
Bulla
Cyst
Wheal
Angio
Nodule
tuber
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15
Q

6 both primary and secondary skin lesions

A 
Alopecia
Scale
Crust
Follicular casts
Comedo
Pigmentary abnormalities
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16
Q

9 secondary skin lesions

A 
Epidermal collarette
Scar
Excoriation
Erosion
Ulcer
Fissure
Lichenification
Callus
necrosis
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17
Q

macule definition

A

a circumscribed non palpable spot

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18
Q

cause of macules

A

pigment or local haemorrhage

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19
Q

patch definition

A

macule larger than 1cm

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20
Q

papula definition

A

– a small solid elevation of the skin up to 1cm in diameter that can always be palpated as a solid mass.

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21
Q

cause of papula

A
  • tissue infiltration
  • inflammatory cells in the dermis
  • by intraepidermal and subepidermal edema
  • by spidermal hypertrophy
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22
Q

plaque definition

A

a larger, flat topped elevation formed by the extension or coalition of papules e.g. cat eosinophil granuloma complex

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23
Q

nodule definition

A

– a circumscribed, solid elevation greater than 1cm in diameter that usually extends deeper into skin layers.

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24
Q

cause of a nodule

A
  • massive infiltration of inflammatory or neoplastic cells into the dermis or sc.
  • Deposition of fibrin or crystalline material also produce nodules
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25
tuber definition
inflammatory elevation of the papillary zone of skin or mm with different shape and size
26
tumour definition
a large mass that may involve any structure of the skin or sc tissue. Most tumours are neoplastic or granulomatous in origin
27
wheal definition
a sharply circumscribed raised lesion consisting of edema that usually appears and disappears within minutes and hours. Usually produce no changes in the appearance of the overlying skin and haircoat
28
angioedema definition
huge hive of a distensible region – lips or eyelid. Type I hypersensitivity rxn
29
vesicle definition
a sharp circumscribed elevation of the epidermis filled with clear fluid
30
bullae defintion
diameter >1cm
31
cyst definition
an epithelium – lined cavity containing fluid or a solid material smooth, well circumscribed, fluctulant
32
pustule definition
a small, circumscribed elevation of the epidermis that is filled with pus
33
alopecia definition
loss of hair and may vary from partial to complete.
34
scale definition
an accumulation of loose fragments of the horny layer of the skin (cornified cells).
35
primary cause of scales
seborrhoa | follicular dysplasia
36
secondary cause of scales
chronic inflammation
37
crust definition
formed when dried exudate, serum, pus, blood, cells, scales or medications adhere to the surface.
38
primary cause of crust
seborrhea | Zn responsive dermatosis
39
secondary cause of crust
pyoderma fly strike pruritus
40
Brown/ dark red crust
haemorrhagic crust in pyoderma
41
• Yellowish green crust
= crusts appear in some cases of pyoderma
42
tan crust
impetigo
43
dark crust
traumatic wounds, furunculosis, fly strike dermatitis and vasculitis
44
honey coloured crust
infectious
45
• Thicker dry yellow crusts
– typical of scabies and Zn dermatosis
46
• Tightly adhered crusts
= Zn dermatosis and necrolyic migratory erythema, seborrhea
47
comedo definition
a dilated hair follicle filled with cornified cells and sebaceous material. It is the initial lesion of fe acne and may predispose the skin to bacterial folliculitis
48
primary cause of comedo
Acne Demodex Seborrhea Vit a dematophytosis
49
secondary cause of comedo
greasy medications or to the administration of systemic or topical corticosteroids
50
follicular cast definition
an accumulation of keratin and follicular material that adheres to the hair shaft extending above the surface of the follicular ostia
51
primary cause of follicular cast
vit a dermatoses, | seborrhea
52
secondary cause of follicular cast
demodex and dermatophtosis
53
black pigmentation
melanin within melanocytes and melanophages in the middle and deep dermis
54
• blue pigmentation
= melanin within melanocytes and melanophages in the middle and deep dermis
55
• grey pigmentation
= diffuse dermal melanosis or spf dermal melanosis from pigment incontinence
56
tan, brown, black pigmentation
= various shades of normal skin in breeds due to melanin
57
• brown pigmentation
= haemochromatosis – melanin
58
• red, purple pigmentation
= haemorrhage
59
green, yellow pigmentation
accumulation of bile pigments
60
hypopigmentation definition
loss of epidermal melanin
61
primary cause of hypopigmentation
vitiligo like disease
62
secondary cause of hypopigmentation
postinflammatory change
63
hyperpigmentation definition
increased epidermal and dermal melanin
64
primary cause of hyperpigmentation
endocrine
65
secondary cause of hyperpigmentation
postinflammatory, chronic, traumatic,
66
defintion of collarette
special type of scale arranged in a circular rim of loose keratin flakes or peeling keratin.
67
definition of excoriation
self produced caused by scratching, biting, rubbing
68
definition of erosion
a shallow epidermal defect that does not penetrate the basal laminar zone and heals without scaring. Results from an epidermal disease
69
definition of ulcer
a break in the continuity of the epidermis with exposure of the underlying dermis.
70
definiton of scar
an area of fibrous tissue that has replaced the damaged dermis or sc tissue
71
definition of fissura
a linear cleavage into the epidermis of through the epidermis into the dermis
72
definition of lichenification
a thickening and hardening of the epidermis (exaggeration of the spf skin markings) results from friction
73
definition of a callus
– a thickened, rough, hyperkeratotic, alopecic, lichenified plaque that develops on the skin
74
definition of necrosis
death of the skin cells as a result of disease or inflection
75
cutaneous appendages exam
``` shape length colour temp pain consistency tenderness ```
76
ear exam
* Position of head and external ear * Shape of ear * Skin of ear pinnae and external ear canal * Pain, sensitivity

SAM (10 decks)

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