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SAM > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

types of sweat glands

A

apocrine and eccrine

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2
Q

apocrine sweat glands location

A

where hair is present

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3
Q

what comes out of apocrine sweat glands

A

phermones, IgA

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4
Q

eccrine sweat glands location

A

only on foot pads

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5
Q

what comes out of eccrine sweat glands

A

water, salts, efa

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6
Q

examination of skin

A

inspection, palpation, smelling

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7
Q

8 things to check on hair coat

A 
density
colour
gloss
closure
occurance of loose body hair
stiffness
localisation of abnormalities
external parasites
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8
Q

hypertrichosis

A

partial hair loss

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9
Q

primary hair loss due to

A

endocrino- dermatopathies or follicular dysplasia

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10
Q

secondary hair loss due to

A

trauma or inflammation

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11
Q

12 things to examine on skin

A 
superficial cell layer of epidermis
colour and presence of hemorrhages
odour
temp
moisture
greasiness
thickness
elasticity
sensitivity
parasites
lesions
swellings
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12
Q

definition of primary lesion

A

the initial eruption that develops spontaneously as a direct reflection of underlying disease. May appear rapidly and disappear quickly

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13
Q

definition of secondary skin lesion

A

evolve from primary lesions or are artefacts induced by the patience of by external factors such as trauma and medications

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14
Q

13 primary skin lesions

A 
Macule
Patch
Papule
Plaque
Pustule
Abscess
Vesicule
Bulla
Cyst
Wheal
Angio
Nodule
tuber
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15
Q

6 both primary and secondary skin lesions

A 
Alopecia
Scale
Crust
Follicular casts
Comedo
Pigmentary abnormalities
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16
Q

9 secondary skin lesions

A 
Epidermal collarette
Scar
Excoriation
Erosion
Ulcer
Fissure
Lichenification
Callus
necrosis
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17
Q

macule definition

A

a circumscribed non palpable spot

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18
Q

cause of macules

A

pigment or local haemorrhage

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19
Q

patch definition

A

macule larger than 1cm

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20
Q

papula definition

A

– a small solid elevation of the skin up to 1cm in diameter that can always be palpated as a solid mass.

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21
Q

cause of papula

A
  • tissue infiltration
  • inflammatory cells in the dermis
  • by intraepidermal and subepidermal edema
  • by spidermal hypertrophy
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22
Q

plaque definition

A

a larger, flat topped elevation formed by the extension or coalition of papules e.g. cat eosinophil granuloma complex

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23
Q

nodule definition

A

– a circumscribed, solid elevation greater than 1cm in diameter that usually extends deeper into skin layers.

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24
Q

cause of a nodule

A
  • massive infiltration of inflammatory or neoplastic cells into the dermis or sc.
  • Deposition of fibrin or crystalline material also produce nodules
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25
Q

tuber definition

A

inflammatory elevation of the papillary zone of skin or mm with different shape and size

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26
Q

tumour definition

A

a large mass that may involve any structure of the skin or sc tissue. Most tumours are neoplastic or granulomatous in origin

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27
Q

wheal definition

A

a sharply circumscribed raised lesion consisting of edema that usually appears and disappears within minutes and hours. Usually produce no changes in the appearance of the overlying skin and haircoat

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28
Q

angioedema definition

A

huge hive of a distensible region – lips or eyelid. Type I hypersensitivity rxn

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29
Q

vesicle definition

A

a sharp circumscribed elevation of the epidermis filled with clear fluid

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30
Q

bullae defintion

A

diameter >1cm

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31
Q

cyst definition

A

an epithelium – lined cavity containing fluid or a solid material
smooth, well circumscribed, fluctulant

32
Q

pustule definition

A

a small, circumscribed elevation of the epidermis that is filled with pus

33
Q

alopecia definition

A

loss of hair and may vary from partial to complete.

34
Q

scale definition

A

an accumulation of loose fragments of the horny layer of the skin (cornified cells).

35
Q

primary cause of scales

A

seborrhoa

follicular dysplasia

36
Q

secondary cause of scales

A

chronic inflammation

37
Q

crust definition

A

formed when dried exudate, serum, pus, blood, cells, scales or medications adhere to the surface.

38
Q

primary cause of crust

A

seborrhea

Zn responsive dermatosis

39
Q

secondary cause of crust

A

pyoderma
fly strike
pruritus

40
Q

Brown/ dark red crust

A

haemorrhagic crust in pyoderma

41
Q

• Yellowish green crust

A

= crusts appear in some cases of pyoderma

42
Q

tan crust

A

impetigo

43
Q

dark crust

A

traumatic wounds, furunculosis, fly strike dermatitis and vasculitis

44
Q

honey coloured crust

A

infectious

45
Q

• Thicker dry yellow crusts

A

– typical of scabies and Zn dermatosis

46
Q

• Tightly adhered crusts

A

= Zn dermatosis and necrolyic migratory erythema, seborrhea

47
Q

comedo definition

A

a dilated hair follicle filled with cornified cells and sebaceous material. It is the initial lesion of fe acne and may predispose the skin to bacterial folliculitis

48
Q

primary cause of comedo

A

Acne
Demodex
Seborrhea
Vit a dematophytosis

49
Q

secondary cause of comedo

A

greasy medications or to the administration of systemic or topical corticosteroids

50
Q

follicular cast definition

A

an accumulation of keratin and follicular material that adheres to the hair shaft extending above the surface of the follicular ostia

51
Q

primary cause of follicular cast

A

vit a dermatoses,

seborrhea

52
Q

secondary cause of follicular cast

A

demodex and dermatophtosis

53
Q

black pigmentation

A

melanin within melanocytes and melanophages in the middle and deep dermis

54
Q

• blue pigmentation

A

= melanin within melanocytes and melanophages in the middle and deep dermis

55
Q

• grey pigmentation

A

= diffuse dermal melanosis or spf dermal melanosis from pigment incontinence

56
Q

tan, brown, black pigmentation

A

= various shades of normal skin in breeds due to melanin

57
Q

• brown pigmentation

A

= haemochromatosis – melanin

58
Q

• red, purple pigmentation

A

= haemorrhage

59
Q

green, yellow pigmentation

A

accumulation of bile pigments

60
Q

hypopigmentation definition

A

loss of epidermal melanin

61
Q

primary cause of hypopigmentation

A

vitiligo like disease

62
Q

secondary cause of hypopigmentation

A

postinflammatory change

63
Q

hyperpigmentation definition

A

increased epidermal and dermal melanin

64
Q

primary cause of hyperpigmentation

A

endocrine

65
Q

secondary cause of hyperpigmentation

A

postinflammatory, chronic, traumatic,

66
Q

defintion of collarette

A

special type of scale arranged in a circular rim of loose keratin flakes or peeling keratin.

67
Q

definition of excoriation

A

self produced caused by scratching, biting, rubbing

68
Q

definition of erosion

A

a shallow epidermal defect that does not penetrate the basal laminar zone and heals without scaring. Results from an epidermal disease

69
Q

definition of ulcer

A

a break in the continuity of the epidermis with exposure of the underlying dermis.

70
Q

definiton of scar

A

an area of fibrous tissue that has replaced the damaged dermis or sc tissue

71
Q

definition of fissura

A

a linear cleavage into the epidermis of through the epidermis into the dermis

72
Q

definition of lichenification

A

a thickening and hardening of the epidermis (exaggeration of the spf skin markings)
results from friction

73
Q

definition of a callus

A

– a thickened, rough, hyperkeratotic, alopecic, lichenified plaque that develops on the skin

74
Q

definition of necrosis

A

death of the skin cells as a result of disease or inflection

75
Q

cutaneous appendages exam

A 
shape
length
colour
temp
pain
consistency
tenderness
76
Q

ear exam

A
  • Position of head and external ear
  • Shape of ear
  • Skin of ear pinnae and external ear canal
  • Pain, sensitivity

SAM (10 decks)

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