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Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

methods of examining paranasal sinuses

A

external and insternal inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion, smelling

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2
Q

11 things to check with nose and paranasal sinuses

A 
Shape
form of nose, 
occurrence of nasal stridor, 
expired air, 
occurrence of nasal discharge, 
nasal plane, 
nasal openings, 
mm, 
palate, 
nasopharynx, 
paranasal and  frontal sinuses
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3
Q

Normal nose noise

A

= faint regular noise during expiration

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4
Q

definition of stridor

A

narrowed air passages

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5
Q

Nasal stridor

A

– sniffling sound

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6
Q

Pharyngeal stridor

A

– snoring sound

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7
Q

Laryngeal stridor

A

– soft sawing sound

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8
Q

Collapsed trachea –

A

expiratory. Tooting sound

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9
Q

Larynx paralysis

A

– inspiratory stridor

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10
Q

Narrow trachea, bronchus

A

– mixed stridor

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11
Q

abnormal sounds

A

– purring, pain caused noises, groaning, howling, alteration of voice, noiseless, panting

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12
Q

what to measure in expired air

A

– strength, symmetry, temperature, odor, smell

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13
Q

what to check with nasal discharge

A

– continuity (permanent or periodic) side, quantity, quality, consistency (watery, mucous mucopurulent, hemorrhagic, foamy, food, foreign material, debris), colour, odor, smell

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14
Q

what to check with nasal plane

A

surface, colour, moisture

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15
Q

what to check with nostrils

A

shape, width, moveability, symmetry, mm

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16
Q

what to check with nasopharynx

A

abnormalities, mm

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17
Q

methods of examining paranasal and frontal sinuses

A

Inspection, palpation, percussion, endoscopy, x ray, CT, MR, diagnostic punction

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18
Q

names of the sinuses

A

– maxillares, frontalis, lacrimalis, palatinus, sphendoidalis, frontalis, ethmoidale, sphenopalatinae

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19
Q

definition of coughing

A

. Occurs via stimulation of airways from larynx to larger bronchi

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20
Q

what to check with cough (10)

A 
origin
frequency
stregnth
tone
occurrence
duration
secretion content
pain
deepness
quality of sputum
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21
Q

laryngeal cough

A

– episodical, heavy, gagging/retching, tendency to vomit

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22
Q

laryngeal paralysis cough

A

deep long cough

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23
Q

tracheitis cough

A

loud, explosive barking like

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24
Q

tracheal collapse cough

A

goose honking

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25
bronchi acute cough
pattern
26
bronchi chronic cough
mucus, pus, wet, rough
27
cardiac disease cough
wet | hacking
28
pneumonia cough
soft
29
bronchitis cough
short, weak, dry
30
stimulated cough
medium held, unsnapping, medium intensive, medium depp, dry, sharp, painless, does not recur
31
inspection of larynx and pharynx
``` skin, deformatiy swelling symmetry. Epiglottis nasopharynx (symmetry, synchronous movement of arytenoids, rima glottidis, colour capillaries, deformation of mm) ```
32
palpation of larynx and pharynx
``` form outline muscles surface of larynx abnormal masses compressionability press sensitivity of arytenoids temperature painfulness fremitus ```
33
tonsils description
``` size shape semilunar fold colour surface symmetry ```
34
palpation of thorax
temp fremitus pectoralis painfulness deformities
35
chest examination
``` skin size shape bilateral symmetry local deformaties ```
36
normally increased frequency
movement, excitement, work, high, temp, obestity, pregnancy
37
abnormal increased frequency
fever, hypoxia, hypercapnia, pain
38
decreased abnormally frequency
cns disease, barbiturate toxicosis, shock, agony
39
normal breathing rhythm
= periodic rhythmical inspiration and expiration, inspiration is slightly longer
40
held inspiration
narrowed upper airway, higher abdominal pressure
41
held expiration
= decreased lung elasticity, microbronchitis
42
shorter inspiration or expiration
inhibition about pain
43
asymmetrical breathing
= one main bronchus obstruction, pain in one chest
44
normal intermittent inspiration
during excitement, long exhausting work
45
abnormal intermittent breathing
at painy chest disorder
46
Hollow box sound –
low, more intensive, shorter and more non musical then the tympanic sound
47
Metallic sound –
pneumothorax, large cavern within the lung, prolapsed stomach or intesting in the thoracic cavity, subcut emphysema
48
Cracked pot sound –
if there is a cavern filled with gas and located under the chest wall which communicates with a bronchus, small subcut emphysema
49
forms of tympanic sounds
sharp weak high low
50
cause of tympanic sounds
``` abdominal organ filled with gas cavern in lung pneumothorax pericarditis emphysema atelectatic parenchyma around the normal lung, ```
51
Relative or incomplete dullness
– weak, high, short, non musical
52
Absolute dullness
– weaker and shorter
53
cause of dullness
thickened thoracic wall decreased gas content of the lungs (caused by hydrothorax, pleuritis, hemothroax) atelectatic abdominal organs atelectactic solid masses or fluid filled masses
54
main percussion sounds
sonorous/ resonant damped/dull tympanic
55
sonorous/ resonant
fairly low, strongly resonant (air containing organ)
56
damped/dull
– short sound of low intensity (any organ not containing gas – liver)
57
tympanic percussion sounds
– stronger, longer, higher than sonorous (hollow gas containing organ e.g. gastric volvulus
58
direct percussion
finger to finger
59
indirect percussion
plessimeter and percussion hammer
60
cause of abnormal shallow breathing depth
severe dyspnea painful diaphragm chest diseases respiratory centre damage
61
causes of abnormal deep
after fast movement, at hypoxia,
62
sound definition
= combination of vibrations with different frequencies
63
noise definition
no special underlying relation among frequencys
64
direction of airflow
from high to low pressure
65
normal/ basic resp sound
above thorax f sound soft, blowing sound
66
bronchial sound
strong audible blowing sound above the normal larynx and trachea lung contains less air h sound
67
bronchial like sound
``` deeper softer harsher f and h sound above cranial thorax ```
68
3 types of dysponea
nspiratory, expiratory and mixed
69
cause of inspiratory dyspnea
narrowed upper airway, pneumothorax, pleural effusions, diffuse pneumonia
70
signs of inspriatory dyspnea
prolonged and labored inspiration. Restrictive respiratory pattern
71
cause of expiratory dyspnea
compression or obstruction of lower air passages, microbronchitis, fibrous pleuritis, rarely neoplasms
72
signs of expiratory dyspnea
– prolong and labored expiration, obstructive respiratory pattern
73
cause of mixed dyspnea
– decreased compliance, pulmonary edema, emphysema, neoplasm, compressed diaphragm
74
signs of mixed dyspnea
forced inspiration and expiration
75
rubbing sound
rubbing and scratching, friction sound
76
splashing sound
gas and fluid movement
77
metallic sound
fluiddrops
78
adventitious resp sounds9
``` stridor splashing rubbing rattling metallic wheezing whistling crepitation crackling ```
79
description of adventitous sounds
``` place strength type respiratory phase when heard temporary or permanent ```
80
musical sounds
whistling | wheezing
81
non musical sounds
rattling crackling crepitation
82
cause of non musical sounds
abrupt opening of previously closed bronchi and vibration of the small bronchial wall
83
non musical definition
Sudden arising and stopping sounds. abrupt opening of previously closed bronchi
84
location of non musical
They occur in areas that are not filled with respiratory gases but are infiltrated with fluid
85
musical sounds definition
Continuous sounds occur in patients with obstructive lung disease. Partly due to venturi effect. Walls begin to vibrate between the open and almost closed state then produce a musical tone
86
Venturi effect =
the reduction of fluid or air pressure that results when fluid or air flows through a constricted section of pipe
87
Ronchi during insp
= extrathroacal (upper airway obstruction)
88
Ronchi during late insp =
intrathoracal resonant sound (compression)
89
Rhonchi during expiration =
intrathoracal resonant sound (obstruction)

SAM (10 decks)

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