Skills: abuse, crisis counseling, mediation, and wellness

Question 1

child abuse

Answer 1

Involves harm to an individual under the age of 18 years, caused by either exploitation, neglect, or physical, sexual, or emotional abuse.

Question 2

neglect

Answer 2

The most prevalent type of abuse, involves not taking care of a child’s needs, either physically, medically, educationally, or emotionally

Question 3

physical abuse

Answer 3

Involves causing injury and harm in the form of bruising, sprained muscles, bones being broken, burns, cuts, being shaken, hit, thrown, asphyxiation, and genital mutilation.

Question 4

sexual abuse

Answer 4

Occurs when any adult in a position of power engages in sexual activity (e.g., incest, sexual assault, and fondling) with a minor. Sexual abuse is not restricted to physical contact and can include exposure, voyeurism, and child pornography.

Question 5

sexual exploitation

Answer 5

Forcing a child into prostitution or pornography.

Question 6

Intimate Partner Violence

Answer 6

A predominant form of adult domestic violence, defined as any behavior that is physically, emotionally, or sexually abusive in nature and used to gain authority over one’s relationship with an intimate partner.

Question 7

Eric Lindemann

Answer 7

A pioneer in the development of crisis models, who observed that mental health professionals can help those affected by traumatic events to grieve and mourn properly, preventing further mental health complications.

Question 8

Gerald Caplan

Answer 8

Expanded Eric Lindemann’s work by applying public health and preventative psychiatry principles.

Question 9

trauma

Answer 9

A long-term crisis for which there is no resolution or balance of stressors and available resources. Persons experiencing a trauma often experience severe emotional and mental stress.

Question 10

Eight resiliency factors:

Answer 10

• support,
• empowerment,
• boundaries/expectations,
• constructive use of time,
• commitment to learning,
• positive values,
• social competence,
• positive identity

Question 11

three phases of trauma work:

Answer 11

safety
remembrance/mourning
reconnection

Question 12

ABC-X model of family crisis and stress

Answer 12

Acronym for the model created by Hill through observations of families experiencing separation and reunification during and after World War II: (A) provoking stressor/event; (B) family resources; (C) meaning attached to the stressor/event; and (X) the crisis, which is an acute state of family disequilibrium/immobilization.

Question 13

transcrisis

Answer 13

Occurs when the traumatic event of an initial crisis is not fully dealt with and becomes submerged into a client’s subconscious. Subsequent similar events then trigger these subconscious feelings

Question 14

burnout

Answer 14

A type of work-related strain stemming from repeated exposure to stressful circumstances that results in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Burnout has been empirically linked to several mental, behavioral, and physical symptoms.

Question 15

compassion fatigue

Answer 15

Occurs when helping professionals experience overwhelming feelings after being exposed to client crisis states (e.g., pain and suffering). Professionals may experience hopelessness, a decrease in pleasure, constant stress and anxiety, and a pervasive negative attitude.

Question 16

vicarious trauma

Answer 16

A stress reaction resulting from exposure to client disclosures of traumatic events. Counselors experiencing vicarious trauma experience long-term and pervasive attitudinal shifts.

Question 17

ISPATHWARM

Answer 17

A mnemonic method to remember the warning signs of suicide: ideation, substance abuse, purposelessness, anxiety, trapped, hopelessness, withdrawal, anger, recklessness, and mood change.

Question 18

SLAP

Answer 18

A helpful acronym to remind counselors of the major areas covered during a suicide risk assessment: specific details, lethality of plan, availability of method, and proximity to obtaining help.

Question 19

risk factors

Answer 19

Include characteristics that place individuals at a high risk of developing mental disorders, academic problems, or personal-social difficulties.

Question 20

resiliency factors

Answer 20

Assist an individual in overcoming risk factors and maintaining positive functioning in spite of adverse circumstances

Question 21

crisis

Answer 21

A stressful or traumatic event that compromises a person’s previously effective coping mechanisms. An individual trauma refers to an individual’s response to a crisis, while a collective trauma refers to a community’s reaction to a crisis.

Question 22

individual trauma

Answer 22

An individual’s response to a crisis

Question 23

collective trauma

Answer 23

A community’s reaction to a crisis

Question 24

crisis team

Answer 24

A group of professionals from different backgrounds (e.g., mental health professionals, medical professionals) who have been trained to respond to those in crisis.

Question 25

psychological first aid

Answer 25

A crisis response method that focuses first on meeting individuals’ survival needs (e.g., food, water, shelter, and safety), then on meeting their psychological needs, and finally on establishing support networks

Question 26

CCP

Answer 26

Crisis Counseling Program (CCP): A model of crisis intervention that focuses on restoring a sense of safety in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Under this model, professional counselors work as a team to identify the problem, inventory the available resources, help reduce the disorder and confusion, assist victims in adjusting to their new life situations, provide victims with support and empathy, and educate individuals about common and atypical reactions to crisis and what to do should they need extra help.

Question 27

Conflict Resolution

Answer 27

The way individuals seek resolution to interpersonal differences. Usually involves negotiating, mediating, facilitating, and arbitrating

Question 28

negotiation

Answer 28

A form of conflict resolution that involves compromise by involved individuals.

Question 29

power negotiations

Answer 29

A form of conflict resolution that occurs when individuals vie to have the strongest influence on the outcome and may involve deceitful tactics like relaying false information and cheating

Question 30

rights negotiations

Answer 30

A form of conflict resolution that involves the legality of what is right and uses norms, policies, and rules

Question 31

interest-based negotiations

Answer 31

A form of conflict resolution that involves the process of finding a commonality between the individuals involved

Question 32

empowerment

Answer 32

The act of elevating people’s sense of what they can do and their personal value

Question 33

recognition

Answer 33

One of the four stages in the spiritual identity development model. In this stage, spirituality is integrated throughout life experiences and individuals begin to develop spiritual practices.

Question 34

mediation

Answer 34

The use of an objective, uninvolved person to help with conflict resolution with the goal of working toward determining specific desires and good solutions.

Question 35

facilitation

Answer 35

The use of counseling-related skills, especially in groups, to analyze the conflict, find compromise and solutions, and elicit commitment among individuals.

Question 36

arbitration

Answer 36

Use of a third party to make decisions that resolve a conflict for the involved individuals.

Question 37

med-arb

Answer 37

Uses both mediation and arbitration to resolve conflict.

Question 38

Peer Mediation

Answer 38

Involves an objective, third-party individual who helps individuals in conflict to negotiate, compromise, and problem-solve. Peer mediation is typically used in the school system to instill better conflict resolution skills in students.

Question 39

Aggression

Answer 39

Taking actions with the intent to cause pain or harm. Aggression can be verbal, physical, or relational.

Question 40

microaggression

Answer 40

Involves insults and aggressive acts against minorities. Microaggression is a subtle form of racism and is often automatic and unconscious. Examples include invalidating racial issues and maintaining stereotypic assumptions.

Question 41

Wellness

Answer 41

A balance between the mind, body, and spirit, resulting in positive well-being. The field of counseling stems from a wellness perspective, viewing the client as searching for a balanced lifestyle rather than being mentally ill.