career: Career Decision-Making Theories Flashcards
Career Decision-Making Theories
A group of career theories that focus on the decision-making process and are less concerned with the careers people actually choose. Theories falling within this category can be prescriptive (describe ideal approaches to decision making) or descriptive (explain how individuals actually make vocational choices).
theory of career decision-making
: Theory developed by Tiedeman and O’Hara, a descriptive approach that proposes two career decision-making stages: anticipating the choice and adjusting to the choice
Janis and Mann’s conflict model of decision making
A decisionmaking approach that describes how individuals handle stress when making career decisions. The model proposes that stress significantly contributes to the quality of the decision that is made; therefore, high levels of stress can lead to a “defective” career decision. People use five patterns to cope with this stress: unconflicted adherence, unconflicted change, defensive avoidance, hypervigilance, and vigilance
Gelatt’s decision-making model
Proposes that all decisions have similar qualities in that a choice, which has two or more possible courses of action, must be made and an individual must rationally analyze information to accurately predict the outcome of choice.
cognitive information processing approach
A career decision-making theory that emphasizes career decision making and the thought processes that influence decision making. Counselors implementing CIP strive to understand how the way clients think influences the decision-making process.
three domains of pyramid of information processing:
- knowledge,
- decision-making skills,
- executive processing
integrative life planning
A holistic career approach designed to assist individuals in exploring how their work is intertwined with other life roles to form a meaningful career.
Krumboltz’s four determinants of career choice:
- genetic endowment,
- environment,
- learning,
- task approach skills
planned happenstance
The ability to capitalize on a chance event that is unpredictable. John Krumboltz maintained that exercising planned happenstance would lead to an increase in career options as well as opportunities
Social Cognitive Career Theory
Theory that maintains that one’s belief in one’s own ability to complete tasks and accomplish goals plays a significant role in vocational interests and potential career choices.
Relational Approaches
Propose that relationships play an important role in the career development and decision-making processes of children and adolescents
standard occupational classification system
The classification system used by the O*NET to classify occupations; uses a six-digit code to classify occupations into four levels: major group, minor group, broad occupation, and detailed occupation
constructivism
A philosophical paradigm that contends there are multiple realities or perspectives for any given phenomenon. Truth differs for individuals and is an internal manifestation, as opposed to positivism and post-positivism, which propose that truth is external to the individual.
personal construct psychology
Theory based on the work of George Kelly (2013) that proposes individuals develop constructs (i.e., theories) to understand how the world works and to anticipate events. Constructs are made up of two bipolar points (i.e., happy versus sad); individuals put events and people at either extreme or some point in between.
vocational construct system
A group of constructs proposed by George Kelly that assist individuals in finding purpose at work, evaluating career decisions and tasks, and developing a sense of identity.
