Skill in Sport (Topic 5)

Question 1

define skill

Answer 1

something learned through practice, goal oriented, done with minimal energy and maximum certainty

Question 2

What are the types of skill?

Answer 2

Motor, cognitive, perceptual, perceptual-motor

Question 3

what is a motor skill?

Answer 3

movement oriented, does not require much thinking (weightlifting)

Question 4

What is a cognitive skill?

Answer 4

requires lots of thinking (chess)

Question 5

What is a perceptual skill?

Answer 5

using the senses to analysis what to do and make a decision (climber choosing their route)

Question 6

wha is a perceptual-motor skill?

Answer 6

interpretation of the environment to respond with a motor response

Question 7

What are the classifications of skill?

Answer 7

discrete, serial, continuous, open, closed, gross, fine, individual, co-active, interactive

Question 8

What is a discrete skill?

Answer 8

clear start and finish (golf swing)

Question 9

What is a serial skill?

Answer 9

linking together skills to form a longer more complex movement (triple jump)

Question 10

What is a continuous skill?

Answer 10

the end of one cycle of movement is the beginning of the next (running/swimming)

Question 11

What is an open skill?

Answer 11

skills that are significantly affected by the environmental conditions, externally paced (jumping for a rebound in basket ball)

Question 12

What is a closed skill?

Answer 12

stable environment, internally paced (archery)

Question 13

what is a gross motor skill?

Answer 13

movements that include large muscle groups

Question 14

What is fine motor skill?

Answer 14

movements that involve smaller muscle groups and fine movements

Question 15

What is an individual skill?

Answer 15

performed in isolation from others (high jump)

Question 16

What is a co-active skill?

Answer 16

performed with someone else but with no direct contact (track races)

Question 17

What is an interactive skill?

Answer 17

when other people are directly involved (soccer)

Question 18

What is an ability?

Answer 18

something we are born with, enable people to perform a skill

Question 19

what is the difference between skilled and novice performers?

Answer 19

Skilled: movements are fluid, they know what their goals are and how to achieve them, they are efficient and consistent
Novice: inconsistent, far from fluid and appear to be uncoordinated, movements are inefficient

Question 20

what is welfords models of information processing?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the sensory information store (SIS)?

Answer 21

where all incoming information is help for about 0.5 seconds and is only passed on to the STM if rehearsed?

Question 22

What is short term memory (STM)?

Answer 22

information is held for 10 seconds, retention and passage to the LTM depends of rehearsal, there is also capacity limitation

Question 23

What is long term memory (LTM)?

Answer 23

no capacity limitation, information entry requires practice

Question 24

How does one overcome the limited capacity of STM?

Answer 24

selective attention: focus on relevant information, ignore irrelevant information

Question 25

What is response time?

Answer 25

the time from the introduction to stimuli to the completion of the action required to deal with the problem
(reaction time + movement time)

Question 26

What factors determine response time?

Answer 26

Reaction time: number of choices one has to make
Movement time: fitness (power and speed of limb movement)

Question 27

Hicks law

Answer 27

that the more choices you present your users with, the longer it will take them to reach a decision.

Question 28

what is the psychological refractory period

Answer 28

the period of time during which the response to a second stimulus is significantly slowed

Question 29

What is an open loop system?

Answer 29

when the action is carried out without any feedback or alterations (throwing a punch, once it has begun, it cannot be changed)

Question 30

What is a closed loop system?

Answer 30

can be altered during their execution (returning a slow serve in tennis)

Question 31

Types of feedback

Answer 31

intrinsic, extrinsic, knowledge of results and knowledge of performance

Question 32

What is intrinsic feedback?

Answer 32

the physical feel of the movement as it is being performed

Question 33

What is extrinsic feedback?

Answer 33

that which is given from an external source such as the coach, other athletes, parents and spectators

Question 34

define Knowledge of performance

Answer 34

focuses on the information about how the action was performed

Question 35

define Knowledge of results

Answer 35

information concerning the outcome of the action

Question 36

define performance

Answer 36

a temporary occurrence, fluctuating over time

Question 37

define learning

Answer 37

a relatively permanent change in performance resulting from practice or past experience

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

Types of practice

Answer 39

blocked, random and serial

Question 40

What is blocked practice?

Answer 40

typical of some drills in which a skill is repeated over and over, with minimal interruption by other activities

Question 41

What is random practice?

Answer 41

practicing by switching between the different skills in a random order such that the order is unpredictable to the athlete

Question 42

What is serial practice?

Answer 42

practicing by switching between the different skills in a structured, predictable order

Question 43

What is motivation?

Answer 43

what influences our decisions to participate in sport and physical activity. It enable us to maintain interest and continued involvement