Nutrition and Energy Systems (topic 3)

Question 1

List the macronutrients

Answer 1

carbs, fats, proteins and water

Question 2

list the micronutrients

Answer 2

vitamins and minerals

Question 3

define monosaccarides

Answer 3

the simplest form, made of one molecule and is easily absorbed by the body

Question 4

define polysaccaride

Answer 4

molecule chains of 10 or more molecules (starch)

Question 5

define disaccaride

Answer 5

two monosaccarides that bond together by a condensation reaction (loss of H2O) molecule

Question 6

define olgisaccarides

Answer 6

3-9 molecules bonded together

Question 7

main function of carbs

Answer 7

to act as metabolic fuels and energy stores.

Question 8

100 g of carbs produces how much energy?

Answer 8

1760kJ

Question 9

what are the three major dietary fats?

Answer 9

triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

Question 10

what are triglycerides made up of?

Answer 10

one glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 11

Difference between non-essential and essential fatty acids

Answer 11

non-essential: made by body
essential: not made by body, intake needed from food

Question 12

define saturated fatty acid

Answer 12

single bonded chains

Question 13

define unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 13

double bonded chains

Question 14

define monounsaturated fatty acids

Answer 14

a single double bond in the chain

Question 15

define polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 15

multiple double bonds in the chains

Question 16

how much energy will 100 g of fat provide?

Answer 16

4000 kJ

Question 17

where are triglycerides stored

Answer 17

adipose tissue

Question 18

main function of fat

Answer 18

protection, thermal insulation, transport of fat soluble vitamins