Movement Analysis (topic 4) Flashcards
What is your central nervous system (CNS)?
consists of brain and spinal cord and is where most of the sensing and control takes place.
what is your peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
the arrangement of nerves extending from the spinal cord to the rest of the body
role of sensory/afferent neurons
carry signals to the CNS from receptors (body temp, blood pressure, blood oxygen/CO2 levels)
role of motoneurons/efferent system
carry information from the CNS to the muscles which signal the muscles to contract/relax
steps of the sliding filament theory
- electrical impluse
- travels along motoneuron to the neuromuscular junction
- when signal reaches synapse (gap) acetylcholine is released
- causes action potential to travel along the muscle fibers
- stimulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release (Ca2+) ions
- This opens the binding sites of the actin which allows the myosin to attach (with ATP)
- ATP to ADP + P and myosin head heads (movement)
Movements of Synovial Joints
non-axial, uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial
non-axial joints
gliding joints
uniaxial joints
hinge and pivot joints
biaxial joints
condylar joints and saddle joints
triaxial joints
ball and socket joints
What are the planes of the body?
frontal, median, transverse
What are the muscle contraction types?
concentric, isometric, eccentric, isotonic, isokinetic, relaxation
What is concentric contraction?
if the force of the muscle is greater then the resistance force (the muscle physically shortens)
what is Isometric contraction?
if the force of the muscle is equal to the resistance force (the muscle contracts but does not actually shorten)
What is eccentric contraction?
if the force of the muscle is less then the resistance force (the muscle is contracting but is physically lengthening)
What is isotonic contraction?
eccentric and concentric contractions
What is isokinetic motion?
performing movements at a constant speed (cycling on an exercise bike)
What is muscle relaxation?
muscle contraction force is 0
What is the role of an agonist?
the muscle contracts concentrically (during a bicep curl, the agonist would be the biceps brachii)
What is the role of an antagonist?
the muscle contracts eccentrically (lowering the weight after a bicep curl, the biceps brachii is the antagonist)
What is the role of a fixator?
stabilizer (abdominal muscles)
Newtons laws
- an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it.
- the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration
3.when two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction
first, second and third class levers
What is drag?
a force opposite of the motion (air/water)
What are the three types of drag?
Surface, form, and wave
What is surface drag?
Resistance derived from friction between the surface of a body and the fluid through which it is moving.
What is form drag?
the drag caused by the separation of the boundary layer from a surface and the wake created by that separation.
What is wave drag?
the opposing force caused by the object making waves in the fluid
Bernoulli principle
the pressure exerted by a fluid is inversely related to its velocity
What is angular momentum?
the quantity of rotation of a body, which is the product of its moment of inertia and its angular velocity.
