Movement Analysis (topic 4)

Question 1

What is your central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 1

consists of brain and spinal cord and is where most of the sensing and control takes place.

Question 2

what is your peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 2

the arrangement of nerves extending from the spinal cord to the rest of the body

Question 3

role of sensory/afferent neurons

Answer 3

carry signals to the CNS from receptors (body temp, blood pressure, blood oxygen/CO2 levels)

Question 4

role of motoneurons/efferent system

Answer 4

carry information from the CNS to the muscles which signal the muscles to contract/relax

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

steps of the sliding filament theory

Answer 8

1. electrical impluse
2. travels along motoneuron to the neuromuscular junction
3. when signal reaches synapse (gap) acetylcholine is released
4. causes action potential to travel along the muscle fibers
5. stimulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release (Ca2+) ions
6. This opens the binding sites of the actin which allows the myosin to attach (with ATP)
7. ATP to ADP + P and myosin head heads (movement)

Question 9

Movements of Synovial Joints

Answer 9

non-axial, uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial

Question 10

non-axial joints

Answer 10

gliding joints

Question 11

uniaxial joints

Answer 11

hinge and pivot joints

Question 12

biaxial joints

Answer 12

condylar joints and saddle joints

Question 13

triaxial joints

Answer 13

ball and socket joints

Question 14

What are the planes of the body?

Answer 14

frontal, median, transverse

Question 15

What are the muscle contraction types?

Answer 15

concentric, isometric, eccentric, isotonic, isokinetic, relaxation

Question 16

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 16

if the force of the muscle is greater then the resistance force (the muscle physically shortens)

Question 17

what is Isometric contraction?

Answer 17

if the force of the muscle is equal to the resistance force (the muscle contracts but does not actually shorten)

Question 18

What is eccentric contraction?

Answer 18

if the force of the muscle is less then the resistance force (the muscle is contracting but is physically lengthening)

Question 19

What is isotonic contraction?

Answer 19

eccentric and concentric contractions

Question 20

What is isokinetic motion?

Answer 20

performing movements at a constant speed (cycling on an exercise bike)

Question 21

What is muscle relaxation?

Answer 21

muscle contraction force is 0

Question 22

What is the role of an agonist?

Answer 22

the muscle contracts concentrically (during a bicep curl, the agonist would be the biceps brachii)

Question 23

What is the role of an antagonist?

Answer 23

the muscle contracts eccentrically (lowering the weight after a bicep curl, the biceps brachii is the antagonist)

Question 24

What is the role of a fixator?

Answer 24

stabilizer (abdominal muscles)

Question 25

Newtons laws

Answer 25

1. an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it.
2. the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration
   3.when two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction

Question 26

first, second and third class levers

Answer 26

Question 27

What is drag?

Answer 27

a force opposite of the motion (air/water)

Question 28

What are the three types of drag?

Answer 28

Surface, form, and wave

Question 29

What is surface drag?

Answer 29

Resistance derived from friction between the surface of a body and the fluid through which it is moving.

Question 30

What is form drag?

Answer 30

the drag caused by the separation of the boundary layer from a surface and the wake created by that separation.

Question 31

What is wave drag?

Answer 31

the opposing force caused by the object making waves in the fluid

Question 32

Bernoulli principle

Answer 32

the pressure exerted by a fluid is inversely related to its velocity

Question 33

What is angular momentum?

Answer 33

the quantity of rotation of a body, which is the product of its moment of inertia and its angular velocity.