Sketchy Micro Clostridium Bacteria Flashcards
What is the theme for the clostridium perfringens video?
motorcycle crash
what is c. perfringens associated with?
military combat wounds and motorcycle accidents
walnut is symbol for?
spore former (found in soil) (all clostridium)
gas mask is symbol for?
obligate anaerobe (all clostridium)
crepitus, crackling sound on palpation due to gas from alpha toxin
gas gangrene
food poisoning
alpha toxin is a
close pins like phospholipid bilayer = site of alpha toxin
lecinase which cleaves lecithin and causes damage to cell membranes and red cell hemolysis (tomatoes)
when you plate C. perfringens, what do you see?
double zone of hemolysis
c perfringens needs what type of environment?
anaerobic
treat c perfringens with
penicillin
how does c perfringens food poising work?
sx?
late onset from large amount of spores that need to germinate in gut and produce toxin
- spores themselves can cause
- slow onset watery diarrhea
what is video for clostridium tetani?
rhesus research revolution
purple for gm+
c tetani:
gas mask =
walnuts =
anaerobe
spore forming
what does c tatani cause?
spastic paralysis
rheces sardonicus
evil smile (monkeys in drawing have this) lock jaw
opisthotonus
exaggerated arching of back in c tetani (monkey in drawing)
pathogenesis of c tetani toxin
puncture wound with spores of c tetani
spores release toxin which causes symptoms
travels retrograde through motor neurons from periphery to spinal cord (monkey operating pulley = retrograde toxin)
c tetani toxin cleaves what protein?
snare protein (snare trap) inhibits gaba and glycine which results in muscle spasm
renshaw cells
sense overactivity of motor neurons and fire and inhibit neuron (monkey with wrench and saw)
- gaba and glycine
tetanus vaccine
toxoid vaccine
produced ab reaction to toxin
what is video for clostridium botulinum video?
robotulism
violet for gm+
what would you think if multiple family members have same neuro symptoms
c botulinum
mechanical nuts for c botulinum =
gas mask
spore forming
anaerobe
flaccid paralysis
botulinum
descending paralysis
first symptoms that show up with botulism
eye symptoms diplopia or ptosis
then neck going limp (descending)
what protein targets motor neurons
snare protein which is protease (same as tetanus, but different target)
targets ACh which if inhibited leads to flaccid paralysis
what is botulinum in babies
how is it different
floppy baby syndrome
babies don’t have robust flora so the spores affect babies
adults flora outcompete spores
how do adults get botulinum
babies?
pre-formed toxin
spore (not pre-formed)
what is video for c difficult?
chocolate factory
spore forming
gm+
anaerobe
what type of diarrhea is c dif
nosocomial diarrhea
- people in hospital taking antibiotics so don’t have good gut bacteria to protect them
what antibiotics are conducive to c dif
clindamyacin (hand washing sign to show it causes not cures)
what exotoxins are produced by c dif
exotoxin A (apples) binds to brush border = cell death and watery diarrhea exotoxin B (black licorice) disrupts cytoskeleton by depolymerizing actin (kid) which leads yellow pseudomembrane formation (wrappers) and to enterocyte death and necrosis
how to diagnose c dif
see toxin in feces
treatment of c dif
- oral vancomycin (deliver to lumen of intestine)
- metronidazole
