Sketchy Micro Clostridium Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the theme for the clostridium perfringens video?

A

motorcycle crash

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2
Q

what is c. perfringens associated with?

A

military combat wounds and motorcycle accidents

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3
Q

walnut is symbol for?

A

spore former (found in soil) (all clostridium)

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4
Q

gas mask is symbol for?

A

obligate anaerobe (all clostridium)

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5
Q

crepitus, crackling sound on palpation due to gas from alpha toxin

A

gas gangrene

food poisoning

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6
Q

alpha toxin is a

close pins like phospholipid bilayer = site of alpha toxin

A

lecinase which cleaves lecithin and causes damage to cell membranes and red cell hemolysis (tomatoes)

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7
Q

when you plate C. perfringens, what do you see?

A

double zone of hemolysis

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8
Q

c perfringens needs what type of environment?

A

anaerobic

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9
Q

treat c perfringens with

A

penicillin

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10
Q

how does c perfringens food poising work?

sx?

A

late onset from large amount of spores that need to germinate in gut and produce toxin

  • spores themselves can cause
  • slow onset watery diarrhea
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11
Q

what is video for clostridium tetani?

A

rhesus research revolution

purple for gm+

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12
Q

c tetani:
gas mask =
walnuts =

A

anaerobe

spore forming

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13
Q

what does c tatani cause?

A

spastic paralysis

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14
Q

rheces sardonicus

A
evil smile (monkeys in drawing have this)
lock jaw
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15
Q

opisthotonus

A

exaggerated arching of back in c tetani (monkey in drawing)

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16
Q

pathogenesis of c tetani toxin

A

puncture wound with spores of c tetani
spores release toxin which causes symptoms
travels retrograde through motor neurons from periphery to spinal cord (monkey operating pulley = retrograde toxin)

17
Q

c tetani toxin cleaves what protein?

A
snare protein (snare trap)
inhibits gaba and glycine which results in muscle spasm
18
Q

renshaw cells

A

sense overactivity of motor neurons and fire and inhibit neuron (monkey with wrench and saw)
- gaba and glycine

19
Q

tetanus vaccine

A

toxoid vaccine

produced ab reaction to toxin

20
Q

what is video for clostridium botulinum video?

A

robotulism

violet for gm+

21
Q

what would you think if multiple family members have same neuro symptoms

A

c botulinum

22
Q

mechanical nuts for c botulinum =

gas mask

A

spore forming

anaerobe

23
Q

flaccid paralysis

A

botulinum

descending paralysis

24
Q

first symptoms that show up with botulism

A

eye symptoms diplopia or ptosis

then neck going limp (descending)

25
what protein targets motor neurons
snare protein which is protease (same as tetanus, but different target) targets ACh which if inhibited leads to flaccid paralysis
26
what is botulinum in babies | how is it different
floppy baby syndrome babies don't have robust flora so the spores affect babies adults flora outcompete spores
27
how do adults get botulinum | babies?
pre-formed toxin | spore (not pre-formed)
28
what is video for c difficult?
chocolate factory spore forming gm+ anaerobe
29
what type of diarrhea is c dif
nosocomial diarrhea | - people in hospital taking antibiotics so don't have good gut bacteria to protect them
30
what antibiotics are conducive to c dif
clindamyacin (hand washing sign to show it causes not cures)
31
what exotoxins are produced by c dif
``` exotoxin A (apples) binds to brush border = cell death and watery diarrhea exotoxin B (black licorice) disrupts cytoskeleton by depolymerizing actin (kid) which leads yellow pseudomembrane formation (wrappers) and to enterocyte death and necrosis ```
32
how to diagnose c dif
see toxin in feces
33
treatment of c dif
- oral vancomycin (deliver to lumen of intestine) | - metronidazole