Sketchy Micro Clostridium Bacteria

Question 1

What is the theme for the clostridium perfringens video?

Answer 1

motorcycle crash

Question 2

what is c. perfringens associated with?

Answer 2

military combat wounds and motorcycle accidents

Question 3

walnut is symbol for?

Answer 3

spore former (found in soil) (all clostridium)

Question 4

gas mask is symbol for?

Answer 4

obligate anaerobe (all clostridium)

Question 5

crepitus, crackling sound on palpation due to gas from alpha toxin

Answer 5

gas gangrene

food poisoning

Question 6

alpha toxin is a

close pins like phospholipid bilayer = site of alpha toxin

Answer 6

lecinase which cleaves lecithin and causes damage to cell membranes and red cell hemolysis (tomatoes)

Question 7

when you plate C. perfringens, what do you see?

Answer 7

double zone of hemolysis

Question 8

c perfringens needs what type of environment?

Answer 8

anaerobic

Question 9

treat c perfringens with

Answer 9

penicillin

Question 10

how does c perfringens food poising work?

sx?

Answer 10

late onset from large amount of spores that need to germinate in gut and produce toxin

• spores themselves can cause
• slow onset watery diarrhea

Question 11

what is video for clostridium tetani?

Answer 11

rhesus research revolution

purple for gm+

Question 12

c tetani:
gas mask =
walnuts =

Answer 12

anaerobe

spore forming

Question 13

what does c tatani cause?

Answer 13

spastic paralysis

Question 14

rheces sardonicus

Answer 14

evil smile (monkeys in drawing have this)
lock jaw

Question 15

opisthotonus

Answer 15

exaggerated arching of back in c tetani (monkey in drawing)

Question 16

pathogenesis of c tetani toxin

Answer 16

puncture wound with spores of c tetani
spores release toxin which causes symptoms
travels retrograde through motor neurons from periphery to spinal cord (monkey operating pulley = retrograde toxin)

Question 17

c tetani toxin cleaves what protein?

Answer 17

snare protein (snare trap)
inhibits gaba and glycine which results in muscle spasm

Question 18

renshaw cells

Answer 18

sense overactivity of motor neurons and fire and inhibit neuron (monkey with wrench and saw)
- gaba and glycine

Question 19

tetanus vaccine

Answer 19

toxoid vaccine

produced ab reaction to toxin

Question 20

what is video for clostridium botulinum video?

Answer 20

robotulism

violet for gm+

Question 21

what would you think if multiple family members have same neuro symptoms

Answer 21

c botulinum

Question 22

mechanical nuts for c botulinum =

gas mask

Answer 22

spore forming

anaerobe

Question 23

flaccid paralysis

Answer 23

botulinum

descending paralysis

Question 24

first symptoms that show up with botulism

Answer 24

eye symptoms diplopia or ptosis

then neck going limp (descending)

Question 25

what protein targets motor neurons

Answer 25

snare protein which is protease (same as tetanus, but different target)
targets ACh which if inhibited leads to flaccid paralysis

Question 26

what is botulinum in babies

how is it different

Answer 26

floppy baby syndrome
babies don’t have robust flora so the spores affect babies
adults flora outcompete spores

Question 27

how do adults get botulinum

babies?

Answer 27

pre-formed toxin

spore (not pre-formed)

Question 28

what is video for c difficult?

Answer 28

chocolate factory
spore forming
gm+
anaerobe

Question 29

what type of diarrhea is c dif

Answer 29

nosocomial diarrhea

- people in hospital taking antibiotics so don’t have good gut bacteria to protect them

Question 30

what antibiotics are conducive to c dif

Answer 30

clindamyacin (hand washing sign to show it causes not cures)

Question 31

what exotoxins are produced by c dif

Answer 31

exotoxin A (apples)  binds to brush border = cell death and watery diarrhea
exotoxin B (black licorice) disrupts cytoskeleton by depolymerizing actin (kid) which leads yellow pseudomembrane formation (wrappers) and to enterocyte death and necrosis

Question 32

how to diagnose c dif

Answer 32

see toxin in feces

Question 33

treatment of c dif

Answer 33

• oral vancomycin (deliver to lumen of intestine)

- metronidazole