First Aid Neuro Flashcards
notochord transforms ectoderm into
neuroectoderm
neuroectoderm becomes
neural plate
neural plate becomes
neural tube
neural crest cells (PNS neurons, Schwann cells)
notochord becomes
nucleus pulposus
mesoderm becomes
microglia
alar plate (dorsal)
sensory
basal plate (ventral)
motor
forebrain splits into
telencephalon
diencephalon
telencephalon becomes
wall: cerebral hemispheres
cavities: lateral ventricles
diencephalon becomes
wall: thalamus
cavities: third ventricle
midbrain becomes
mesencephalon
mesencephalon becomes
wall: midbrain
cavities: aqueduct
hindbrain splits into
metencephalon
myelencephalon
metencephalon becomes
wall: pons & cerebellum
cavities: upper part of 4th ventricle
myelencephalon becomes
wall: medulla
cavities: lower part of 4th ventricle
neural tube defects
persistent connection between amniotic cavity & spinal canal
incr. alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), incr acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
assoc with low folic acid
Spina bifida occulta
failure of bony spinal canal to close (no structural herniation)
intact dura
normal AFP
Meningocele
meninges (but no neural tissue) herniates through bony defect
Meningomyelocele
meninges & neural tissue herniate through bony defect
anencephaly
malformation of anterior neural tube (no forebrain)
holoprosencephaly
failure of L + R hemispheres to separate
moderate form has cleft lip/palate,
severe form has cyclopia
seen in Patau syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome
chiari II
significant herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through foramen magnum
assoc with aqueductal stenosis and lumbosacral meningiomyelocele
Dandy-Walker
agenesis of cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle
assoc with hydrocephalu, spina bifida
Syringomyelia
cystic cavity (syrinx) within spinal cord bilateral loss of pain + temp in upper extremities
