Anderson Pulmonary

Question 1

lobes of lungs

Answer 1

3 on right
2 on left
started out with 3 on both sides but 2 on left due to heart

Question 2

remnant of 3rd left lobe

Answer 2

lingular lobe

Question 3

location of apex of lungs at max inhalation

base

Answer 3

4cm above 1st rib

base to bottom of rib cage

Question 4

hilar surface

Answer 4

area where vessels go in and out

Question 5

lung pleura

Answer 5

visceral: next to lung
parietal: adheres to throacic cage
fluid in between pleura

Question 6

pneumothorax

Answer 6

loss of vacuum between pleura

Question 7

blood from aorta to lung via ____

blood from lung tissue to azygos and pulmonary veins ___

Answer 7

bronchial artery

bronchial vein

Question 8

only artery in body that caries deoxygenated blood

Answer 8

pulmonary artery

Question 9

what nerve constricts bronchioles, and is sensory to lungs

Answer 9

parasympathetic CNX

Question 10

area defined by the heart

Answer 10

mediastinum (heart and pericardium) is middle mediastinum

Question 11

area behind heart with esophagus, descending aorta, azygos veins, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk

Answer 11

posterior mediastinum

Question 12

what is in the anterior medastinum?

Answer 12

thymus gland

Question 13

surface landmarks of resp system

• at mcl, where is lung?
• at axillary line
• costal angle

Answer 13

pleura = inhalation

• 6th rib, pleura to 8th
• 8th rib, pleura to 10th
• 10th rib, pleura to 12th

Question 14

what is order of draining in sinuses?

Answer 14

sphenoid ethmoid
ethmoid and frontal to maxillary
maxillary to nasal cavity

Question 15

tidal volume

Answer 15

inspiration and expiration that is just enough so you don’t pass out. Normal breathing

Question 16

what is vital capacity

Answer 16

inspiratory capacity, tidal volume, expiratory capacity

Question 17

inspiratory capacity

Answer 17

sum of tidal volume and IRV

Question 18

FEV1 is what % of forced vital capacity?

Answer 18

80% and based on first second

Question 19

Ventral Resp Group (VRG)

Answer 19

active respiration in Medulla - expiration

Question 20

What stimulates inspiration?

what inhibits inspiration?

Answer 20

apneustic center in lower pons

pneumotaxic center in upper pons

Question 21

during metabolic acidosis (decreased HCO3)

Answer 21

respond by decreasing CO2

- always respond with other chemical

Question 22

how would body respond to respiratory acidosis (increased CO2)

Answer 22

by increasing HCO3

Question 23

how would body respond to respiratory alkalosis (decreased CO2)?

Answer 23

by decreasing HCO3

Question 24

at a PO2 of 100mm Hg what is hemoglobin saturation?

at 40 mm Hg

at 25 mm Hg

Answer 24

100% saturated
O2 bound to all four heme groups on all hemoglobin molecules

75% saturation (3 of 4 heme groups on each hemoglobin molecule have O2 bound)

50% saturation (2 of 4)

Question 25

where does % saturation max out with carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 25

50% (need more than that to stay alive) | - either die or have headaches

Question 26

what does HCO3 leave RBCs in exchange for?

Answer 26

Cl- (chloride shift)

Question 27

what inhibits smooth muscle in lungs?

Answer 27

sympathetic beta 2 autonomic nerve fibers

Question 28

epiglottitis

Answer 28

epiglotis swells and then airways swell - after H influenza or beta hemolytic strep - steeple sign - head bent over and drooling (only way air can still move through) - stridor

Question 29

what causes pulmonary edema?

Answer 29

left sided heart failure | - fluid overload/renal failure, decreased albumin, lymph obstruction

Question 30

where do pulmonary emboli originate from?

Answer 30

originate in deep veins of legs and pelvis | sudden onset cyanosis and dyspnea

Question 31

pulmonary HTN due to

Answer 31

left sided heart failure, mitral stenosis, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, emboli, scleroderma

Question 32

Atelectasis

Answer 32

collapse or incomplete expansion of acini | tumors, FB, mucus blockage, surfactant deficiency

Question 33

causes of pulmonary edema

Answer 33

left heart disease | pneumonia, toxic gas inhalation

Question 34

decreased compliance due to

Answer 34

fibrosis lack of surfactant high pulmonary venous pressure

Question 35

increased compliance due to

Answer 35

emphysema

Question 36

obstructive lung disease

Answer 36

inability to move air out of lungs

Question 37

interstitial/restrictive lung disease

Answer 37

scarring and tightening of lungs so they are unable to expand

Question 38

chronic obstructive disease: emphysema

Answer 38

``` "pink puffers" normal pCO2 because compensating high RBCs/high hematocrit permanent dilation barrel chest ```

Question 39

chronic bronchitis

Answer 39

``` blue bloaters increased pCO2 can cause cor pulmonale can become cyanotic persistant cough with sputum ```

Question 40

lobar pneumonia

Answer 40

strep pneumonia gm + rusty brown sputum starts at bottom and works its way up (klebsiella gm - in alcoholics = red hepatization)

Question 41

broncho pnemonia/lobular

Answer 41

patchy opportunistic infection

Question 42

atypical pneumonia

Answer 42

see diffuse patchy feathery infiltrates | walking pneumonia

Question 43

TB

Answer 43

delayed hypersensitivity type IV caseating granulomas apices of lungs/high O2

Question 44

asthma

Answer 44

IgE type I hypersensitivity | cardiac asthma from left sided heart failure

Question 45

pneumoconiosis

Answer 45

inhalation of dust upper lobes silicosis, asbestosis type I hypersensitivity IgE

Question 46

Goodpasture's syndrome

Answer 46

antibodies against basement membrane of lung and kidneys | type II immune injury

Question 47

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 47

farmers lung pigeon breeders lung non-caseating

Question 48

pneumothorax

Answer 48

air/gas in pleural cavity

Question 49

small/oat cell undifferentiated carcinoma

Answer 49

pancoast tumors, rapid death | ability to produce hormones